A centrifugal fan is used to deliy 3) 5 4 cuter diameter of 75 em and er4 m°%s of air when running at 750 rpm. The impeller has Scere Te an an exit width of 10 cm, The vanes are backward-curved with Be ee be ve lute casing converts 30% of the impeller exit velocity head into pressure. If air e1 ially at a speed of 15 m/s with a density of 1.1 kg/m’, determine: a, actual velocity at impeller exit considering a vane efficiency of 90% b. pressure rise developed by the fan inkPa ¢, power input to the impeller assuming a hydraulic efficiency of 88%.DATA; O~ Am! /s, N—750rpm, D, — 9.75 mb, —O.lm, B70 ,U,- 1S min. P=11 kg/m, thy = 90%, yg, = 88% Solution Exit velocity diagram a) @=78.Srad/s,u, =ar,=29.5m/s, F=0 OO, Ons : 4 / Y= = = Ts. and neglecting leakage —> Y,-——*—_= 17 m/ 2 A «xD, b, m gies GROOT V, =u, -¥, cot B,=29.5—17 cot 70 =23.3m/s Since air enters radially, therefore 1j,,,=V,/V, = ¥,=0.9x23.. Accordingly, U,=4f¥2 «V2 =Wi7* 421 =27 mis 29.5%21-0 SEES = 631m and = ay gH, E 981 Od, Stagnation pressure rise, Ap, = yH = pgH =1.1x9.81x55.6=600 Pa Velocity atfan exit = 0.727? =22.6 m/s Static pressure rise p= Ap, 7 pAU® = 600—>(1.1x22.6")=319 Pa «) B= #(Q+O,)H, = 1.19.81x 4% 63.1 = 2.7210 W = 2.72 IF8.2 A centrifugal fan is used to deliver air from the atmosphere to a chemical reacto, The driven at 3000 rpm and has an impeller with the following dimensions; F D, = 60cm, f= 30° Dz=75 cm, b,= 20m, f2=20° The reactor receives air at a stagnation pressure of 4 kPa above atmospheric, Bach fan suction and delivery nozzles has an area of 0.72 m”. The flow enters the impel Of the no whirl, and the circulatory flow effect reduces the whirl component of velocity ate 15%. Neglecting leakage, and assuming a hydraulic efficiency of 88% and a mechan al efficiency of 95%, determine: a. air velocity at the impeller exit b. static pressure at the discharge nozzle c. fan power consumption. Note: Neglect losses between the fan exit and the chemical reactor and assume an air density of 1.2 kg/m’.DATA; N =3000zpm, B, = 0.6m, f =30, D, = 0,75m,b, = 0.2m, f= 20, Ap, 4 kPa, Ay yy OTM, KAA =O, FS = 0.85 tg 88%, Meg “O88 P-L DAE! mt a a) r= 31 4rad (5, 1,007, =94.2mr/ 5, w=, =L18 m/s Hi = Ap, | y= 4000/ (1.29.81) = 340m But H=nygH, =H therefore, sHo=o.g9HtSHR? 3 aR mis & From the exit velocity diagram, we can write 7, -(u,— sina a ‘And based onthe given data F)=0.85F, = Wj =379m/s Substitute in Eq. (1) ¥,=(118-37.8)tan 20 = 29.1 m/s Accordingly, U, =F? +0) =W29.1° 432.17 =43.3 mis D) Dae DAY, = 2x 0.75x0.2%201-13.7 mF | (Leakage is neglected) ‘Velocity inthe discharge aoaale. Vi, =O/ 4, =13.7/0.72=19 mis ‘The singnmtion pressure at the discharge nozzle. (p,|, =p, +0 5p, = 4000= p, +05e12019" Therefore, pp, = 3.7810" Pa gage = 3.78kPa gage QQ BP = OW 'n, = Ap,x Qi g, = 4013.7 /(0.8850.95 x1) = 03.6 kTio Beant fuga fan is used to deliver air from the atmosphere to a combustion p a eseysmiss when driven ata speed of 1500rpm. The impeller s equip forwand-curved vanes and has the following dimensions: ed D, =40.cm, by = 10cm, fy = 60° D3=70.cm, by= by, B= 130° Each of the fan inlet and delivery sections has an area of 0.05 m?, The circulatory effect increases the whirl component at inlet by 10% while reducing it at exit byt Neglecting leakage and assuming a hydraulic efficiency of 88% and a mechanical ciency of 95%, determine stagnation pressure difference between the fan inlet and exit sections a. b. actual air velocity at the impeller exit c. static pressure at the fan delivery section d | fan power consumption.DATA: Q=1.25in! / 9, N=1500rpm, Dy = 0.4m, by =by =O.Lm, B= 60 , Dy = 0.7m, B,=130, gg = Ay = 0,08 mH) =1,08K,, By = 0.9 Fy. Meg Wy Migs = O88, May = 0.98, p= 12g fom? a) @ = 1ST rad / 5, 4, -er = 31.4! s, a er, ° Tyg DAY, = OAR OLY, Kr As AK DY / Dy 1, -¥, cot ff -31.4-9.95 cot 60 —25.6m/ LY, cot fl, =$5—5.68 cot 130 =S9.8m/ s gg (55%59.8)-(31.4%28.2) : 981 Ap, = 7H ~(1.2%9.81)4186 x10 = 2.19 kPa ie +1 45.68 +53.8 =S4.1 m/s €) Velocity in the discharge nozzle, V,, =Q/ 4, =1.25/0.05=25 m/s b) ‘The stagnation pressure at the discharge nozzle, (p,),, = Py, +05pP,, Substitute to obtain 219K1O = py FO.S01.2625° =e py = 1.82x10" Pagage qd) BP= yQH yn, =Ap,*Q/n, = 2.19 1.28 / (0.88% 0.95 «1) = 3.27 KF8.4 A centrifugal compressor draws air from the atmosphere (pgm, = 101 kPa, T,, 295 through a convergent suction nozzle. The nozzle dimensions are 2s shown Figure 8.39. In order to avoid choking at impeller inlet, the maximum allowable Men number (based on the absolute velocity) at impeller inlet is restricted to 016. Calcul the maximum mass flow rate that can be supplied by this compressor. : Figure 8.39 Diagram for Problem 84DATA: pp, =10LKPA, Ty, Solution 1 Assuming isentropic flow in the nozzle, we can obtain the pres- 2 sure and temperature at section 2 as follows: X ' 1 32em | —p-—-4 16 em | uo 1 T, = 280K The flow velocity at section 2 can be obtained from V, =M,C, = M, hRT, = 0.61. 4x287%280 = 201 m/s The density at section 2 will be Pz = D2! RT, =79.2/ (0.287 x 280) =0.986 kg /m* Considering the given limitations, the maximum mass flow rate through the nozzle will be 2 98 kg/s m= prAV> oee( oe" 201 =8.5 The convergent-divergent nozzle shown in Figure 8.40 is supplied by compressed air fr, a large reservoir, as shown in the figure. The pressure and temperature in the ae are 300 kPa abs. and 350K respectively. Knowing that the nozzle diameter at the throat is 50 mm and assuming isentropic flow, determine: be Compressed air 50mm. Figure 8.40 Diagram for Problem 8.5 a. pressure at the throat if the nozzle is choked b. flow velocity at the throat c. mass flow rate supplied by the nozzle. sal= 300KPaabs., T, = 350K, D, = 0.05m a) When the nozzle is choked, the Mach number at the throat reaches its maximum value of 1.0. Using the isentropic flow also Ty, = Tw, = Tos = 350K Pr Pr che > Blox = T,=292K qT, b) The flow velocity at the throat can be obtained from V, = M,C, = M, JiRT, ~ 11 4x 287%292 = 342 m/s ©) The density at the throat willbe p, = p, / RT, =158/(0.287x292) =1.89 kg/m? Also, 05) }sa-1a1 kg/sss Air enters a centrify impeller inlet: V&*! Compressor at a raie of 1.5 kg/s with the following conditions at Pi =96 kPa, T, = 298 K, U, = 80 mis The impeller has an outer diameter ‘of 50cm and is equipped with 17 backward-curved vanes with vane exit angle of 60°. The impeller rotates at 18000 rpm, which results in an exit radial velocity component, Y= 120 m/s. a. Draw the ideal and actual velocity diagrams at the impeller exit. b. Determine the stagnation pressure and stagnation temperature at the compressor outlet if the compressor efficiency is 78%. c. Determine the power required to drive the compressor if the mechanical efficiency is 95%.DATA: m=15kg/s. P, = 96 kPa, 7, =298K, U,=80m/s, D, =0.5m,Z =17 vanes, £, = 60, N=18,000rpam, ¥, =120m/s, 7, =0.78, 17,,., =0.98 Solution a) b) wh =en=.=47lm/s and ¥,=u,-¥, cot B= M, =U, /C,=U, /fERT, =80/ fi. 4% 287x298 = 0.231 ‘The stagnation pressure and temperature at impeller inlet can be obtained as follows: zo Po Fe ps = 28 _fito2x020]? 5 p, 996 kPa abs. Py 96 Fa ae fy T 7 = dog 720.280.2381" => 7, =301K i The compressor stagnation pressure ratio (p, / py,) can be expressed as k Po [+ Senne r 0 Po CoTy O63T/Z 1-(¥, /u, Jeot B 0634/18 Substitute from the given data to obtain S{,» 1-————~_—___~_ «0.87 1-(120/471}cor6o where Syis the slip factor that can be obtained from S; wl0.87 x0.78x 471x402 as Eq. (1) > = 342 kPe -_ 1004301 ) ee AISO, Woe, = ita, = Magy => SV, = C, (Tos To) Therefore, 0.87x471x402 =1004(T,,-301) => T,=465K Actual power input to impeller _™(u,V, - uJ; ) © isa “Ba, ’ Shaft power Shaft power x471(0.87x 402-0) Shaft power => Shaft power = 260 kW Therefore, 0.958.7 A centrifugal compressor has an impeller equipped with 21 vanes that are radial compressor has a vaneless diffuser and no inlet guide vanes. The stagnation temperature at the suction nozzle inlet are 100 kPa abs. and 300 K. tei Pressure 2, a. Given that the mass flow rate is 2.3 kg/s, the impeller tip speed is 500 ™s, mechanical efficiency is 96%, determine the shaft power. 3 b. Determine the static and stagnation pressures at the diffuser exit, Knowing ‘that velocity at that point is 100 m/s. Consider the compressor efficiency to be 82%. ANd the= 21 vanes, fy = 90°, pp, =100 KPA, Toy = 300 Km U, =100m /s, 9. =0.82 DATA: KE (8, tty =S00M (8, un = 0.96, Solution 063r/Z 0637/71 1 (E:/up)oot By 1-0 Since f, =90 , therefore ¥, =m, =500m/s andaccordingly ¥,=5,¥; 1, = $002 453/10° = 227 BI Sig a) Spat = 0.906 b) The stagnation pressure at the compressor discharge can be obtained from. = Pos - [ + san wo Pos Substitute from the given data to obtain 100 | 1004%300 Also, the stagnation temperature at the compressor discharge can be determined from ns cin eee ) py =537 kPa Wye, = gy Ry) = ©, (Tig -Ty)) =F 227 = 1.004(Z—300) = Ty = 526K 2 100° 2%1004 w But Ty =T+—- = 526=T+ 2c, = T=s21K Now, by definition p,,/p,=(T),/T,)F1 => $37/p, =($26/821)"’ > p,=S19kPa27s A single-stage centrifugal compressor draws air from the atmosphere, where the and temperature are 100 kPa and 300 K respectively. The compressor has an impelje, ‘tre 17 radial vanes and is driven at a speed of 10.000 rpm. Air enters the impeller aia ay speed of 72 m/s. The following data is also provided: ———— Mass flow rate = 6kg/s Impeller exit area = 0.06 m? Pressure at impeller exit = 130 KPa Temperature at impeller exit 331K Impeller outer diameter 05m ee Knowing that the pressure measured at the compressor discharge section is 195 determine: a a. flow Mach number at the impeller exit b. actual work done by the impeller per unit mass of fluid c. power required to drive the compressor, assuming a mechanical efficiency of 96%,DATA. py, =100KPa,T,, = 300K, Z =17 vanes, fi =90 ,U, =¥; =72m/s.m=Gke/s, A, =0.06m", N =10,000rpm, p, =130KPa, T, =331K, D, =0.5m, p, =195KPa, ,.., = 0.96 Exit velocity diagram a) =262m/s and p,~ p,/ RT,~130/ (0.287x331)-1.37 kg/m? “ E, =m! py A, =6/ (1.37x0.06)=73.1m/s and V, =u, =262 m/s 0.637 /Z “IG 7a, oor, Therefore, P= 0.884% 262 = 231 m/s We 403 =¥73.17 + 23P =243 m/s M,=U,/C, =U, / JkRT, =243/Vi4x 287x331 => ~ b) Wye, = Pgg Igy = Ugh —u,F7 = 262% 231/10? = 60.5 KI ke 3) Bp,= "Ne = = 378K8.9 A centrifugal air compressor has an impeller with 13 backwerd-curved vanes ang is driven at a speed of 12.000rpm. The compressor draws air from the atmosshos where the pressure and temperature are 100 kPa and 300K respectively. The impeiy dimensions are: —— Impeller outer diameter D2= 480mm Impeller width at exit by=28mm Bo=70° Vane angle at exit ee The pressure and temperature measurements recorded at the impeller and compressor exit sections are: Temperature at impeller exit Pressure at impeller exit ea femperature at compressor exit ination pressure at compressor exit efficiency is 96%, determine: a. Mach number at the impeller exit b, mass flow rate supplied by the compressor c, compressor power consumption d. compressor efficiency,SAluben ys — Givow nude OS rmpolley Ouley cu ¢ a = - epi wsiatn Dai = 480 F104 m 2 = 2OF I> Yang aye ak 24f = 707 Tarprraive at oa bull Tr= 242% Psuuve 1B a 1aeKle. a. mach No. Me oS \ywloci by tub awefaellee NV = nw We fl e480 710 > One Za 0-025] mc Co Se: ae \ ys | Tue ODEN 344 = WIM | > M= 2 Haas 0 038 a ise Ro gule~ cadet Pea mous peo ache! a quiet we, oe eee Co. ae val egies Cf, = roclol comporent af obs alicia——— ai SOMPICL and ne FW the ances dit Roved an Kasrnoch An Crcl'p So = fa fa = Stognabtn § Roz ho ” Tenp Nee 1808 10° = 16724 Wasa ~ SOGSTRwS | 16724 Wain tan By = Cha fan7o = Che Cha = 0060394 00299 Wie 1) 7480 wtoF %2QHI0~ 30 1. 6929 yo 00689 m= pa Totoro 5) rm Wi- Compromov fauoy @ruphoy Pe wm Ch Vo = AO6SFID So 006 09% HOS 6 O27 W- “Torque & (Cota = CaN wotirlab Ga Cw, = Cu, alot * Nae 8 outs AQnee ain orders in aril Aivack }oneg Cw, =d (uz 22) Bree T= Cw, ¥2 = 002670 2u0P\ 0 3 (Cu7= v2) 2 602441072 WH Pe 2NN 260254104 Ss ? 2 C Sorin Y uf] aotven 2 = SABES G208Troy 4 eas @ UVF 15-3 ey 0 OTSS =10 Itis required to desi . a stagnation ea at ae omer for delivering air at arate of 4.0 kg/s with Bo =90°) and to hat iden PoxPo1 = 2.4. The impeller is assumed to have 17 radial vanes limit the radial veloci ' at a speed of 10.000 rpm. The impeller width is designed to he radial velocity component a impeller exit (Y3) to 85 m/s. The compressor will suck air from the atmosphere where the pressure and temperature are 100 kPa and 288 K, respectively. ‘The flow is assumed to enter the impeller with no prerotation, and the com- pressor and impeller efficiencies are assumed n= 75% and j= 85%. Determine: a. impeller outer diameter, D> b. flow Mach number at impeller exit, M ¢. vane width at impeller exit, bz d. expected compressor brake power, assuming rfmecr, = 95%.DATA: 01047 rad/s, m=4 kg! 8. py! Py — 24, Z=17 vanes, By-90 . Y= 85 m/s. Pun = 100 KPa, T,,, =300 K, F,=0, 1. = 75%, 1, = 85%, Moen = 95% Solution a) The impeller outer diameter can be obtained as follows: 2 La Toe {Po )* J (24) => Ty, = 385K Pe: 300 ‘ = 075-285-300 er 2 s13K Ty 300 _ 0630/17 1-0 ‘The slip factor => Sy = S§,=0.884 Since there Is no whirl at inlet, we can write, ¢zV,=C, (To -Tn) = 0.884xa, xu, = 1004 (413-300) = W558 m/s =r = 38-1047 => A= 0.342m => D,=0.684m b) The Mach number at impeller exit can be obtained as follows: Vy = Sp Fy =Sp tig =0.884x3S8=316 m/s Note: V,=u, sinee B, =90° aT Hg a 2 My U; We +H =blet+8s? => =328m/s: 28 and Tyy=Ty > 413=T + T, =360 K 2° 21004 Cy afk RT, = 14x 287 «360 =380 m/s €) The impeller width at exit can be obtained from the continuity equation, m= py Ay ¥y = p,(FD,b,)Y, and py = p,/ RT, a) Accordingly, we should first calculate the air density at impeller exit which requires the val- ues of p, and T,. = T= 300 396 K 413-300 at 396 HI = Pe (88 3 py = 264 kPa (=) Pes 2 = = 2 [-0.2(o.se2) J = p,=183 kPa Ps 163 : = — NS 81.57 ke! = PRT 0287x360 ‘ein Substitute in Eq. (1) 4= S7(#x0.684 b,)85 => b= 0.0139 m or b,=13.9 mm 4) To determine the power consumption, we have, tm C,(Io-Ty)__ 4x1.004(413-300) Tawa 0.95 mw, BP.11 Asingle-stage centrifugal air compressor is driven : mass flow rate of 15 kg/s. The stagnation pressure aa peseraoll ae reels : 101 kPa and 288 K respectively. The impeller is equipped with afl as wd an outer diameter of 0.55 mand the vane width at exit is 37 mm. Assuming that air enters the impeller axially, that the impeller efficiency is 90%, and that the slip factor is 0.9, determine: a. stagnation pressure and temperature at impeller exit b. power required to derive the compressor assuming tne, = 95%. c. Prove that the radial velocity component at impeller exit is approximately 105 mis, d. What is the Mach number at impeller exit?DATA: @=1676 rads, m=15 kg!s. py =101 kPa, Ty, =288 K, D, =0.55m, b, =0.037 m B,=90 V=0, S,= 0.9, = 90%, Moun = 95% Solution ¥ Ve a) =46lm/s and = vay 2 We, =k = Cy (Tn Ty) > Spt, = Spat = C, (Tn Tn) => 0.9461? =1004(T,, — 288) => Ty=478K n= ee => og =u7288 = Ty, =459K Tala 478-288 Poo! Por = (Tons! > Pay {101 =(459/ 288) > Py = SIT KPa by apa RMae OpFor Tan) _ 151.004(478- 288) Fras Pas 0.98 = 3.01%10° AIF = 3.01Mi ©) One way to solve this problem is to assume that Y2=105 m/s and prove that this assumption is correct. %-5/ Sj, = 0.9%461=415 mis Therefore, Uy=y +h => U,)=Yl0S +4187 = = 428m/s 428" Also,welnowthat %,=+—) = 478=F+ 2, => 2 =387K ” (21004 Now, we can determine p:as follows:a) : = (Tn /TJFI => $17/p, = (478/387) > p, = 247K Poo! P: The density at impeller exit can be obtained from Py 247 spe fee po Im Ps R 287 387 The assumed radial velocity component at exit (Y.) should satisfy the mass conservation equation, therefore, m= PAY, = p;(XDyb:)¥, = 18=2.22x(7x0.55x0.037)%, > ¥%=105.7 kg/s Accordingly, the assumption is correct since the difference is very small. 2 Bs. 408 _n ng, Vat, Ji4x287%387 One can also determine M. from the property relation Fone 2 28 20m? 3 Mm, 207 387 2 2