188 Master the TOEFL Test SECTION 3 READING COMPREHENSION Time—55 minutes Directions: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by questions about it. Choose the one best answer, (A), (B), (C), or (D), for each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the oval that corresponds to the letter of your answer choice. Answer all questions based on what is stated or implied in the passage. Read the following passage: A new hearing device is now available for some hearing-impaired people. This device uses a magnet to hold the detachable sound-processing portion in place. Like other aids, it converts sound into vibrations. Butitis unique in that itcan transmit the vibrations directly to the magnet and then tothe inner ear. This produces a clearer sound, The new device will not help all hearing-impaired people—only those with a hearing loss caused by infection or other problem in the middle ear. It will probably help no more than 20 percent of all people with hearing problems. Those people ‘who have persistent ear infections, however, should find relief and restored hearing with the new device. ‘What is the author's main purpose? (A) To describe » new cure for ear infections (B) To inform the reader of a new device (©) To urge doctors to use a new device (D) Toexplain the use of a magnet DeoDd ‘The author's main purpose is to inform the reader of anew device for hearing-impaired people. Therefore, you should choose answer (B). ‘The word “relief” in the last sentence means: (A) Less distress (B) Assistance (C) Distraction (D) Relaxation enon ‘The phrase “less distress” is similar in meaning to “relief” in this sentence. Therefore, you should choose answer (A). Now begin with the questions.Practice Test2_ 189 Questions 1 to 12 are based on the following passage: Surrealism wasamovement in graphic art and literature that was founded in Paris. in 1924, by André Breton. Inspired by another movement in art called Dadaism, the Surrealist movement has been one of the most influential art movements in the twentieth century. It ‘eventually had a worldwide audience, flourishing nota- bly in the United States during World War Il, Surreal- ism focused on the role of the unconscious in the creative process. In a nihilistic protest, it rejected all aspects of Wester culture, Surrealist writers, such as ‘Aragon and Soupalt, believed in directly transcribing 1, With what topic is this passage primarily con- cemed? (A) Influential painters such as Miro, Dali, and Emst (B) The Surrealist movement in graphic art and literature (©) Nihilism as an aspect of the Surreal- ist movement (D) André Breton’s leadership style 2. As used in line 1, which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase "a move- ment”? (A) Atend (B) Anaction (©) Anexercise (D) A gesture 3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “inspired” in line 3? (A) Excited (B) Influenced (© Stifted (D) Created 4, Why does the author mention Dadaism? (A) To demonstrate the importance of Surrealism, (B) To give background information about Surrealism © wD) (A) B) © ) cy (B) © co) 7. Which ofthe following is closest the meaning. of “purity” in line 14? “ ®) © o conto paper anything their unconscious mind wished them to, They never altered or revised what they wrote because that would have interfered with the purity of (15) their creation. Surrealist painters, a group that included ssuch famous names as Miro, Dali, and Est, displayed ‘wide variety of style and content. Though Breton was the founder of this movement, his strong leadership style brought about dissent, which resulted in several of (20) the painters officially breaking away from the move- To show the lack of influence of Dadaism To infer that André Breton rejected Dadaism 5. What does “it” refer to in line 9? A protest The unconscious Surrealism. ‘The creative process 6. The word “altered” in line 13 means: Changed Forgot Believed Allowed " Integrity Fragility Dignity Simplicity zusa30u9vd190 Master the TOEFL Test 8, According to the passage. all ofthe following are true of Surrealism EXCEPT: “ ® © >) Surrealism was influenced by Dadaism, ‘Surrealists believed that the uncon- scious played an important role in the creative process. Some Surrealist painters quit the official movement because of André Breton, Surrealism embraced Western culture, 9. The word “displayed” in line 16 is closest in ‘meaning to which of the following? “w B © © Neglected Replaced Exhibited ‘Condemned 10, The word “dissent” in line 19 is closest in meaning to which of the following? a B) © (D) Disagreement Distress Distraction Discouragement Questions 13 to 24 are based on the following passage: Footracing is a popular activity inthe United States. It is seen not only asa competitive sport, butalsoas a way to exercise. 0 enjoy the camaraderie of like-minded people, and to donate money to a good cause. Though (5) serious runners may spend months training to compete, ‘other runners and walkers might not train at all. Those not competing to win might run inan effort to beat their ‘owntime or simply toenjoy the fun and exercise. People ofall ages, from those of less than I year (who may be {101 pushed in strollers) to those in their 80s, enter into this sport. The races are held on city streets. on college campuses, through parks, and in suburban areas, and they are commonly 5 to 10 kilometers in length. ‘The largest footrace in the world is the 12-kilometer (5) Bay to Breakers race that is held in San Franciscoevery spring. This race begins on the eastside of the city near 11, The phrase “breaking away” in line 20 means: (A) Escaping (B) Separating (©) Defecting (D) Passing 12, Which of the following statements is best supported by this passage? (A) André Breton founded art and literature in Paris. (B) André Breton rejected Dadaism because of Nihilism. (©) André Breton supported Miro in his painting, (D) André Breton was a vital part of the Surrealist movement. ‘San Francisco Bay and ends on the west side at the Pacific Ocean. There may be 80,000 or more people running in this race through the strets and hills of San (20) Francisco, In the front are the serious runners who compete to win and who might finish in as litle as 34 minutes. Behind them are the thousands who take several hours to finish. Inthe back of the race are those who dress in costumes and come just for fun. One year (25) there wasa group of men who dressed like Elvis Presley, and another group consisted of firefighters who were tied together in a long line and who were carrying a firehose. There was even a bridal party, in which the bride was dressed in along white gown and the groom (0) wore a tuxedo. The bride and groom threw flowers to bystanders, and they were actually married at some point along the route.Practice Test 2 191 13. The main purpose ofthis passage isto (A) Encourage people to exercise (B) Describe a popular activity (©) Make fun of runnets in costume (D) Give reasons for the popularity of footraces 14, As used in line 1, the word “activity” is most similar to which of the following? (A) Pursuit (B) Motion (© Pilgrimage (D) Expectation 15, The word “camaraderie” asusediinline 3 could be best replaced by which ofthe following? (A) Games (B) Companionship © Iokes ©) Views 16. The phrase “to a good cause” in line 4 could be best replaced by which of the following? (A) Foran award (B) To reward the winner (C) Fora good purpose (D) To protect a wise investment 17. Which of the following is NOT implied by the author? (A) Footraces appeal toa variety of people. (B)_ Walkers can compete for prizes. (©) Entering a race is a way to give suppor to an organization. (D) Running is a good way to strengthen the hear. 18. The word “beat” as used in line 7 could be best replaced by which of the following? (A) Incline (B) Overtum (© Outdo (D) Undermine 19. Asused inline 10, the word “strollers” refersto: (A) Cribs (B) Wheelchairs (©) Wagons (D) Carriages 20. In what lines does the author give reasons for why people enter footraces? (A) Lines 1-8 (B) Lines 8-16 (C) Lines 18-24 (D) Lines 24-28 21, The second paragraph ismainly concerned with which ofthe following? (A) __A description of the Bay to Breakers race (B) The reasons people run the Bay to Breakers race (©) A wedding during the Bay to Breakers race (D) A description of the location of the Bay to Breakers race 22, Which of the following is NOT mentioned in this passage? (A) Some runners looked like Elvis Presley. (B) Some runners were ready to put out a fire. (©) Some runners were participating in a wedding (D) Some runners were serious about winning. 28. A “bystander” as used in line 31 refers to which of the following? (A) Awalker (B) A pantcipant (©) A spectator (D) A judge i192 Master the TOEFL Test 24. Which of the following best describes the organi- zation of this passage? (A) Chronological order (B) Specific to general (©) Cause and result (D) Statement and example Questions 25 to 36 are based on the following passage: May 7, 1840, waste birthday of one of the most famous, Russian composers of the nineteenth century: Peter Illich Tchaikovsky. The son of a mining inspector, ‘Tehaikovsky studied music as a child and later studied (5) composition at the St. Petersburg Conservatory. His greatest period of productivity occurred between 1876 and 1890. during which time he enjoyed the patronage ‘of Madame von Meck. a woman he nevermet, who gave him a living stipend of about $1,000 a year. Madame 10) von Meck later terminated her friendship with ‘Tehaikovsky, as well as his living allowance, when she herself was facing financial difficulties. It was during 25. With what topic is the passage primarily con- cerned? (A). The life and music of Tchaikovsky (B) Development of Tchaikovsky's ‘music for ballets (©) Tehaikovsky’s relationship with Madame von Meck (D) The cause of Tchaikovsky's death 26. Where is the best place in the passage to add the following sentence? Shehad commissioned some works from him and hhad so admired his music that she agreed to support him. (A) Inline 3 after the word “Tchaikovsky” (B) Inline 9 after the word “year” (©) Inline 12 after the word “difficul- ties (D) Inline 19 after the word “dance” the time of Madame von Meck’s patronage, however, that Tchaikovsky created the music for which he is most (15) famous, including the music for the ballets of Swan Lake and The Sleeping Beauty. Tchaikovsky's music, ‘well known for its rich melodic and sometimes melan- ccholy passages, was one of the first that brought serious dramatic music todance. Before this, litle attention had (20) been given to the music behind the dance. Tchaikovsky died on November 6, 1893, ostensibly of cholera, al- though there are now some scholars who argue that he ‘committed suicide. 27. Which ofthe following is closest in meaning to the word “productivity” in line 6? (A) Fertility. (B) Affinity (C) Creativity (D) Maturity 28, In line 7. the phrase “enjoyed the patronage of” probably means: (A) Liked the company of (B) Was mentally atached to (C)_ Solicited the advice of (D)_ Was financially dependent upon 29. Which of the following could best replace the word “terminated” in line 10? (A) Discontinued (B) Resolved (©) Exploited (D) Hated“ uo) According to the passage, all of the following ‘describe Madame von Meck EXCEPT: (A) She had economic troubles. (B) She was generous. (©) She was never introduced 10 ‘Tehaikovsky. (D) She enjoyed Tchaikovsky's music. 31. Where in the passage does the author mention Tehaikovsky’s influence on dance? (A) Lines 1-5 (B) Lines 9-12 (©) Lines 12-16 (D) Lines 16-20 32. According to the passage, for what is Tehaikovsky’s music most well known? B) © Its repetitive and monotonous tones The ballet-like quality of the music ‘The richness and melodic drama of the music Its lively, capricious melodies © 33. According to the passage, Swan Lake and The Sleeping Beauty are @) @) © @) Dances Songs ‘Operas Plays Questions 37 to 48 are based on the following passage: Since the world became industrialized, the number of animal species that have either become extinct or have neared extinction has increased. Bengal tigers, for in- stance, which once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, now number only about 2,300. By the year 2025, itis estimated that they will become extinct. ‘What is alarming about the case of the Bengal tigeris that this extinction will have been caused almost en tirely by poachers who, according to some sources, are ‘not always interested in material gain but in personal gratification. This is an example of the callousness that is contributing to the problem of extinction. Animals such as the Bengal tiger, as well as other endangered species, are valuable parts of the world’s ecosystem. Practice Test 2 34. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? (A) Tchaikovsky's influence on ballet music (B) Tchaikovsky's unhappiness leading to suicide (C)_ The patronage of Madame von Meck Tehaikovsky's productivity in composing ) 35. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “behind” as used inline 20? (A) Supporting (B) _Inback of (©) Going beyond (D) Conceating In line 21, the word “ostensibly” could be best replaced by: rv B) © ) Regretfully Assuredly Tragically Apparently ‘enacted to ensure their survival—and the survival of ‘our planet. ‘Countries around the world have begun to deal with ‘he problem in various ways. Some countries, in an (20) effort to circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animal reserves. They then charge admission prices to help defray the costs of maintain- ing the parks, and they often must also depend on world organizations for support. This money enables (28) them to invest in equipment and patrols to protect the animals. Another response to the increase in animal extinction isan intemational boycott of products made from endangered species. This has had some effect, but by itself it will not prevent animals from being Us) Intemational laws protecting these animals must be so) hunted and killed. 193 zis zou F194 Master the TOEFL Test 37. What isthe main topic ofthe passage? 43, Whatdoes the word “this” inline 11 referto inthe (A). The Bengal tiger passage? (B) International boycots (A) Bengal tigers (C)_ Endangered species (B) Interest in material gain (D) Problems with industrialization (©) _ Killing animals for personal satisfaction 38. Which of the following is closest in meaning to (D) The decrease in the Bengal tiger the word “alarming” inline 7? population (A) Dangerous a 44, Where in the passage does the author discuss a cause of extinction? (ponte (A) Lines 1-5 (D)Distressing en 39. Which of the following could best replace the (©) Lines 18-21 word “case” as used inline 7? (D) Lines 26-29 a 45. Which of the fol ld best replace the ic following could best replace 1 a ord alleaedntine20? hu bem (A) Setaside (0) Trade (B) Combined 40, The word “poachers” as used in line 9 could be (©) Organized best replaced by which of the following? (D) Taken off (A) legal hunters . (B) Enterprising researchers * ee aor Lit biaraa! (©) Concemed scientists ies (D) Trained hunters ae 41, The word “callousness” in line 11 could best be (C) Make a payment on replaced by which of the following? (D) Make an investment toward (A) _Indirectness egneee 47. Whatdoes the term “intemational boycott”in ine 27 refer to? (C) Incompetence (A) Buying and selling of animal (D) Insenstivity act ere 42. The previous passage is divided into two para- (B) A refusal to buy animal products graphs in order to contrast: oreeed (A). Aproblem anda solution (©) A global increase in animal survival (B) A statement and an illustration (D)_Defraying the cost of maintaining (C)_A.comparison and a contrast eet eee (D) Specific and general information 48, Which ofthe following best describes the author's. attitude? a) B) © to) Forgiving Concemed Vindictive Surprised‘Questions 49 to 60 are based on the following, passage: ‘Abbalanced diet contains proteins, which are composed of complex amino acids. There are 20 types of amino acids, comprising about 16 percent of the body weight ina lean individual. A body needs all 20 to be healthy. (6) Amino acids can be divided into two groups: essential and nonessential. There are nine essential amino acids ‘These are the proteins thatthe body cannot produce by itself, so a healthy individual must ingest them. The eleven nonessential amino acids, onthe other hand, are (10) produced by the body, so it is nét necessary to ingest them. Proteins are described as being either high- quality or low-quality, depending on how many of the nine essential amino acids the food contains. High- quality proteins, typically found in animal meats, are 49. With what topic is this passage primarily con- cemed? (A) The 20 types of amino acids (B)High- and low-quality proteins (©) The process of complementation (D) Healthy diets for vegetarians 50. ‘The word “Jean” in line 4 could be best replaced by: (A) Thin (B) Fat (©) Tall D) Short 51. ‘The word “ingest” in line 8 is closest in meaning to which of the following? (A) Chew (B) Swallow (©) Suck ) Drink 52. The word “ample” inline 15is losestin meaning to which of the following? (A) Meager (B) Frequent (© Substantial (D) Harmful Practice Test 2 (25) proteins that have ample amounts ofthe essential amino acids. Low-quality proteins are mainly plant proteins and usually lack one or more of the essential amino acids, Because people who follow a strict vegetarian diet are ingesting only low-quality proteins, they must (20) make sure that their diets contain a variety of proteins in order to ensure that what is lacking in one food is available in another. This process of selecting a variety of the essential proteins is called protein complementa- tion. Because an insufficient amount of protein in the (25) diet can be crippling, and because prolonged absence of proteins can cause death, itis imperative that a vegetar- ian diet contains an ample amount of the essential proteins. 53. Which of the following would NOT be an ex- ample of a low-quality protein? (A) Legumes (B) Apples (©) Grains (D) Tuna 54, Which lines in the passage best explain why strict vegetarians must make sure toeatacomple- ‘ment of proteins? (A) Lines 1-4 (B) Lines 5-9 © Lines 9-11 (D) Lines 19-22 55. According othe passage, a vegetarian could die from insufficient protein ingestion if he or she: (A) Did not follow a varied and properly protein-complemented diet Ate too many animal proteins and could not digest them properly iid not follow a diet in which nonessential proteins were ingested Ate to0 many low-quality proteins ) © © om ll196 Master the TOEFL Test 56, Which of the following is closest in meaning to 59, Whichof the following bestdescribes the author's the word “crippling” as used in line 25? tone in this passage? (A) Discouraging (A) Forceful (B) Betraying (B) Light (©) Incapacitating (©) Casual (D) Amazing (D) Argumentative 57. Which ofthe following words could best replace 60. Which statement best describes the organization the word “prolonged” in line 25? of this passage? (A) Narrow (A) Contrasting views conceming (8) Hollow proteins are compared, (©) Hard-hearted (B) The author moves from a general ee comment to a specific argument. (©) A statement is given and its cause is 58. In line 26, the word “imperative” can be best then discussed. replaced by: (D) Items are discussed in their order of (A) Crucial importance (B) Impossible (©) Wonderful (D) Satisfying SECTION OF THE TEST. STOP. END OF TEST 2 IF YOU HAVE ANY TIME LEFT, GO OVER YOUR WORK IN THIS SECTION ONLY. DO NOT WORK IN ANY OTHER