C:

1. Coin:
Noun: a small, round piece of metal, usually silver or copper coloured, that is used as money:

gold coins
I asked for £10 in 20p coins.
Verb: to invent a new word or expression, or to use one in a particular way for the first time:

Allen Ginsberg coined the term "flower power".

to invent or be the first to use a new word or expression:

Kraft coined the term "middle America" in the 1960s.

MONEY
to produce money in the form of coins:

A new 50 pence piece was coined to commemorate the poet's bicentennial.

If you coin a word or a phrase, you are the first person to say it.

Jaron Lanier coined the term 'virtual reality' and pioneered its early development.

If you say that someone is coining it or is coining money, you are emphasizing that they are making a lot of money very

quickly, often without really earning it.

[informal, emphasis]
Many private colleges are coining it. [VERB it]
One wine shop is coining money selling Wembley-label champagne

coin it (in)
 
UK informal: to earn a lot of money quickly:
With prices so high, the major oil companies are coining it as never before.
The banks coined it in last year.

To coin a phrase:
something you say before using an expression that has been very popular or used too much:

I was, to coin a phrase, gobsmacked!

said when introducing a new expression or a variation on a familiar one, or ironically to show one's awareness that
one is using a hackneyed expression.
"she was, to coin a phrase, swept off her feet"

o coin a phrase means to invent a new saying or idiomatic expression that is new or unique. However, the term
to coin a phrase is most often used today in a sarcastic or ironic fashion, in order to acknowledge when someone
has used a hackneyed phrase or a cliché.

You say 'to coin a phrase' to show that you realize you are making a pun or using a cliché.

Fifty local musicians have, to coin a phrase, banded together to form the Jazz Umbrella.

Coiner:
a person who invents a new word or phrase.
"who is the coiner of ‘family values’ in its current sense?"

2. Custom made:
specially made for a particular person:

custom-made shoes

made or built according to the needs of a particular buyer:

Everything we sell is custom-made, and each customer's file is unique.

I started my own business to develop custom-made software for small businesses.

custom-made/custom-built for sb/sth A wide range of options means your mortgage can be custom-built for you.

3. Contempt:
a strong feeling of disliking and having no respect for someone or something:

At school she had complete contempt for all her teachers.

You should treat those remarks with the contempt that they deserve.

She's beneath contempt (= I have no respect for her)!

LAW   specialized (also contempt of court)

behaviour that is illegal because it does not obey or respect the rules of a law court:

The tobacco companies may be guilty of contempt of court for refusing to produce the documents.

a strong feeling of lack of respect for someone or something:

They were bullies, and they showed contempt for everyone and everything.

1. UNCOUNTABLE NOUN

If you have contempt for someone or something, you have no respect for them or think that they are unimportant.

He has contempt for those beyond his immediate family circle. [+  for]

I hope voters will treat his advice with the contempt it deserves.

2. UNCOUNTABLE NOUN

Contempt means the same as contempt of court. [law]

Mr. Kelly was sentenced to six months in prison for contempt.

Hold sb/sth in contempt:

to feel contempt for someone or something

If you hold someone or something in contempt, you feel contempt for them.

Small wonder that many voters hold their politicians in contempt

They hold our democracy in contempt.

They hold our values in contempt.

They need to know that every decent person holds them in contempt.

Contemptuous:
expressing contempt:

a contemptuous manner/laugh

He was very contemptuous of "popular" writers, whom he described as having no talent.

expressing or feeling a lack of respect:

As one of the senior members of the Senate, he was openly contemptuous of its junior members.

If you are contemptuous of someone or something, you do not like or respect them at all.

He was contemptuous of private farmers.

He's openly contemptuous of all the major political parties. [+  of]

She gave a contemptuous little laugh.

'A deal!' she said contemptuously, 'I hate all deals.'

4. Contemptus mundi:
contempt for the world : moral disdain for physical existence in anticipation of an afterlife

Disregard of or disdain for worldly or temporal concerns.

Contemptus mundi is a prevalent theme in the literary and philosophical tradition of classical antiquity, and of early
and medieval Christianity.
Skelton’s poetry sometimes adopts a typically medieval attitude of contemptus mundi, pointing to the transitory nature
of human life.

5. Credence:
the belief that something is true:

I'm not prepared to give credence to anonymous complaints.

His bruises added/lent credence to his statement that he had been beaten.

acceptance, support, or belief that something is true:

I’d heard rumors over the years, but I never gave them any credence whatsoever.

1. UNCOUNTABLE NOUN

If something lends or gives credence to a theory or story, it makes it easier to believe. [formal]

Studies are needed to lend credence to the notion that genuine progress can be made. [+  to]

2. UNCOUNTABLE NOUN

If you give credence to a theory or story, you believe it. [formal]

You're surely not giving any credence to this story of Hythe's? [+  to]

CREDENCE suggests intellectual assent without implying anything about grounds for assent.  a theory now given credence by
scientists 
lends credence to the theory

an idea that is gaining credence

 The theory is gaining credence among scientists. 

I'm afraid I don't put much credence in common gossip.

Letter(s) of credence:
: a formal document attesting to the power of a diplomatic agent to act for the issuing government
— called also letters of credence

a formal document accrediting a diplomatic officer to a foreign court or government

a letter of introduction or recommendation, especially of an ambassador.

A letter of credence is a formal diplomatic letter that appoints a diplomat as ambassador to another sovereign state.
Commonly known as diplomatic credentials, the letter is addressed from one head of state to another, asking them to
give credence to whatever the ambassador may say on their country's behalf.

6. Credential:
Credentials [ plural ]

 the abilities and experience that make someone suitable for a particular job or activity, or proof of

someone's abilities and experience:

All the candidates had excellent academic credentials.

She was asked to show her press credentials.

a piece of information that is sent from one computer to another to check that a user is who they claim to be or

to allow someone to see information

1. something that entitles a person to confidence, authority, etc

2. (plural) a letter or certificate giving evidence of the bearer's identity or competence

 warranting credit or confidence —used chiefly in the phrase credential letters

My experience as a manager is my strongest credential.

credentials  plural : testimonials or certified documents showing that a person is entitled to credit or has a right to exercise
official power: a doctor's credentials

7. Crèche:
UK: a place where young children are cared for during the day while their parents do
something else, especially work, study, or shop:

Does your employer provide a crèche?

US (UK crib): a model of the people and animals present at the birth of Jesus, used as a decoration at Christmas

a place where young children are taken care of during the day while their parents do

something else, especially work, study, or shop:

Her son was in the crèche while she worked.

There are no creche facilities provided for staff.

one of the first cities to establish crèches so that poor women with children could work outside of the home

8. Civvy / Civvies:
civvies  also  civies  plural : civilian clothes as distinguished from a particular uniform (as of the military)

People in the armed forces use civvies to refer to ordinary clothes that are not part of a uniform.

[informal]

They might have been soldiers in civvies.

ordinary clothes that are not part of a uniform:

I didn't realize he was a soldier because he was in civvies.

Civvy Street:
ordinary life that is not connected with the armed forces:

How does it feel to be back in civvy street?

People in the armed forces use civvy street to refer to life and work which is not connected with the armed forces.

[British, informal]

If they were in civvy street they would be compensated anyway.

British
: civilian life

 He was trying to make some money in civvy street.

Strenuous and life-endangering service in the field, by contrast, creates fewer and less lucrative opportunities on civvy street.

"ex-service people starting life on Civvy Street"

9. Concurrence:
a situation in which people agree or have the same opinion:

It will be difficult to get any sort of statewide concurrence.

The judgement was a concurrence without any dissenting note.

[ C ]   LAW   specialized

a document in which someone writes that they agree with a legal judgment:

Justice Alberto Gonzales, who later served as White House counsel, wrote a concurrence.

A 1995 concurrence by Thomas is now required reading in some law school courses.

There is concurrence that the program is of value and should be sustained.

The transfer of the player was made with the concurrence of the league.
In concurrence with the U. S. Attorney's Office in Brownsville, Texas, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service issued a violation notice.
a situation in which things or events happen or exist at the same time:
The concurrence of these events was very exciting.

We want to ensure the concurrency of design and planning tasks.

CONSENT:

obtained the written concurrence of the attorney general

the simultaneous occurrence of events or circumstances

The concurrence of heavy rain and strong winds delayed the plane's departure.

the concurrence of my birthday and the concert by my favorite rock band made my preference for a birthday present pretty
obvious 

looked for some sign of concurrence among the delegates to the conference

1. VARIABLE NOUN [oft with poss]

Someone's concurrence is their agreement to something.

[formal]

Any change ought not to be made without the general concurrence of all concerned. [+  of]

2. VARIABLE NOUN

If there is a concurrence of two or more things, they happen at the same time.

The concurrence of their disappearances had to be more than coincidental. [+  of]

Concurrent:
happening or existing at the same time:

The judge imposed concurrent sentences totalling 14 years for the attacks on the girls.

happening at the same time:

He’s serving two concurrent 10-year sentences.

PHYSICS

A concurrent force is one of two or more forces that are in effect at the same time.

He dealt with several issues concurrently.

The French regulator, the CMF, said yesterday that all the bids should run concurrently.

Delivery of the goods and payment of the price are concurrent conditions, and must therefore occur at the same time.

concurrent with sth Competitions for consumer goods are usually promoted on the pack concurrent with in-store promotion.

10. Corollary:
something that results from something else:

Unfortunately, violence is the inevitable corollary of such a revolutionary change in society.

A corollary of something is an idea, argument, or fact that results directly from it. [formal]

The number of prisoners increased as a corollary of the government's determination to combat violent crime. [+  of]

1: a proposition (see PROPOSITION ENTRY 1 SENSE 1C) inferred immediately from a proved proposition with little or no
additional proof

2a: something that naturally follows : RESULT

… love was a stormy passion and jealousy its normal corollary.

b: something that incidentally or naturally accompanies or parallels

A corollary to the problem of the number of vessels to be built was that of the types of vessels to be constructed.

one corollary of the rise of television was a massive makeover of radio's programming 

increased taxes—or expanding deficits—are the inevitable corollary to any new government spending program

His not-so-subtle quest for rap supremacy is an obvious corollary  to conversations about basketball greats.

11. Claptrap:
silly talk that means nothing and should not be believed:

Don't believe a word of what he says. It's just a load of claptrap.

If you describe something that someone says as claptrap, you mean that it is stupid or foolish although

it may sound important.

[informal, disapproval]

This is the claptrap that politicians have peddled many times before.

absurd or nonsensical talk or ideas.

"such sentiments are just pious claptrap"

12. Compendium:
a short but complete account of a particular subject, especially in the form of a book:

the Gardener's Compendium

She put together a compendium of early American furniture.

A compendium is a short but detailed collection of information, usually in a book.

The Roman Catholic Church has issued a compendium of its teachings. [+  of]

 a one-volume compendium of information 

He published a compendium of folk tales.

Compendious:
short but complete, including everything that is important:

This is a compendious, judicious collection of poetry.

ADJECTIVE
containing or stating the essentials of a subject in a concise form; succinct

: marked by brief expression of a comprehensive matter : concise and comprehensive

a compendious summary

also : COMPREHENSIVE

her compendious knowledge of the subject

containing or presenting the essential facts of something in a comprehensive but concise way.
"a compendious study"
Her knowledge of the city is compendious.

COMPENDIOUS applies to what is at once full in scope and brief and concise in treatment.  a compendious dictionary 

her compendious knowledge of the monarch butterfly 

a compendious summary of the referendum before the voters

13. Castrate:
to remove the testicles of a male animal or human

To castrate a male animal or a man means to remove his testicles.

In the ancient world, it was probably rare to castrate a dog or cat. [VERB  noun]

...a castrated male horse. [VERB-ed]

The infamous Emperor Nero was said to have had one of his slaves castrated by his surgeons.

to render impotent

a drug used to chemically castrate sex offenders

: to deprive of vitality, strength, or effectiveness: emasculate

The bill was castrated by removal of the enforcement provisions.

Castration:
the process of removing the testicles of a male animal or human:

He described the castration of a horse.

Castration was practiced

 on these boys so that their voices would remain high.

14. Crotch:
the part of your body where your legs join at the top, or the part of pants or underwear that covers this area

the part of a tree where its trunk (= main stem) splits into two to form a "Y" shape

Your crotch is the part of your body between the tops of your legs.

Glover kicked him hard in the crotch. 

The crotch of something such as a pair of pants is the part that covers the area between the tops of your legs.

They were too long in the crotch. 

the crotch of the pants

15. Coarse:
Adj: rough and not smooth or soft, or not in very small pieces:

coarse sand/breadcrumbs

coarse hair

Linen is a coarse-grained fabric.

Chop the cabbage coarsely.

coarsely ground black  pepper

rude or offensive in manner or speech:

Now and then coarse  laughter  broke  out.

a coarse joke

coarse language

an illiterate and coarse lady

The women laughed coarsely at some vulgar joke. 

I had never heard anyone speak so coarsely before.

The  play is about a group of British men behaving coarsely and conspicuously while on vacation.

Coarseness:
the quality of being rough and not smooth or soft, or not in very small pieces:

The coarseness of the  cloth irritated her  skin.

behavior or language that is rude and offensive:

I can't stand his coarseness and  stupidity.

Her coarseness shocked him.

Coarsen:
to become rough or cause something to become rough:

In high summer, the  salad  leaves  coarsen and  become  bitter.

He coarsens the paint by  mixing it with  marble  dust.

to become simpler and less polite or more offensive, or to make something do this:

Readers' tastes  have coarsened, he claims.

They  feel that the entertainment industry has coarsened our  culture.

If something coarsens or is coarsened, it becomes thicker or rougher in texture.

Skin thickens, dries, and coarsens after sun exposure. 
...his gnarled, coarsened features.
If someone's behavior or speech coarsens or if they coarsen it, they become less polite or they begin to speak in a

less pleasant way.

Her voice has deepened and coarsened with the years. 
He had coarsened his voice to an approximation of Cockney. 

16. Cower:
to lower your head or body in fear, often while moving backward:

Stop cowering! I'm not going to hit  you.

to bend down or move backward with your head down because you are frightened:

The  dog  cowered in the  corner,  realizing  she’d done something wrong.

 to shrink away or crouch especially for shelter from something that menaces, domineers, or dismays

They all cowered silently in their places, seeming to know in advance that some terrible thing was about to
happen.

 COWER suggests a display of abject fear in the company of threatening or domineering

people.  cowering before a bully

They cowered at the sight of the gun. 

She was cowering in the closet.

If you cower, you bend forward and downward because you are very frightened.

The hostages cowered in their seats.

17. Clear-cut:
ADJECTIVE: Something that is clear-cut is easy to recognize and quite distinct.
This was a clear-cut case of the original land owner being in the right. 
clear or obvious without needing any proof:

She has clear-cut evidence that the company cheated her.

not having any characteristics that would cause doubt or uncertainty:

It was a clear-cut case  of fraud.

18. Citizenry:
the group of people who live in a particular city, town, area, or country:

The country's citizenry  is more politically aware than in the past.

An  angry  citizenry organized resistance to the harsh new  laws.

Inert citizenry

19. Crony:
a friend, or a person who works for someone in authority, especially one who is willing to give
and receive dishonest help:

The  general  and his cronies are now awaiting trial  for drug smuggling.

a close friend or companion, esp. someone who may not be honest:

I’d like to see  the president and his cronies booted out of office.

You can refer to friends that someone spends a lot of time with as their cronies, especially when you disapprove of

them.

[informal, disapproval]

He played a round of golf with his business cronies. 

…… mega corruption by cronies.

Cronyism:
the situation in which someone important gives jobs to friends rather than to independent people who have
the necessary skills and experience

If you accuse someone in authority of cronyism, you mean that they use their power or authority to get jobs
for their friends.

Crony capitalism:
ECONOMICS, GOVERNMENT, SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: an economic system in
which family members and friends of government officials and business leaders are
given unfair advantages in the form of jobs, loans, etc.:

government-owned  firms engaged in  crony capitalism

Crony capitalism is a pejorative term describing an allegedly capitalist economy in which success in business
depends on close relationships between businesspeople and government officials. It may be exhibited by favoritism
in the distribution of legal permits, government grants, special tax breaks, and so forth.

Crony capitalism is an economic system in which businesses thrive not as a result of free enterprise, but rather as a
return on money amassed through collusion between a business class and the political class.

20. Crook:

 Noun: a very dishonest person, especially a criminal or a cheat: Informal

These politicians are just a bunch of crooks.

She  thinks all  politicians  are crooks.

a bent part of something, esp. the inner part:

Kids should learn to  sneeze  and  cough  into the crooks of  their elbows.

Adj: bad or ill:

I'm a bit  crook at the  moment.

Verb: to bend your arm or finger:

She  delicately  crooked her little  finger  as she  picked  up her  cup.

Noun: A crook is a dishonest person or a criminal. [informal]

The man is a crook and a liar.
The crook of your arm or leg is the soft inside part where you bend your elbow or knee.
She hid her face in the crook of her arm. 

Verb: If you crook your arm or finger, you bend it.

He crooked his finger: "Come forward," he said.

Crooked:
not forming a straight line, or having many bends:

You have to drive  slowly on these crooked  country  roads.

His  front teeth are crooked.

not straight or not even; twisted, bent, or uneven:

That dog’s tail  is crooked.

Your  glasses  are on crooked.

done through cheating or other dishonest behavior:

Their  efforts centered on crooked deals in which officials  took bribes.

dishonest:

crooked police officers

She  smiled crookedly at me.

A  large  portrait  was hanging crookedly on the wall.

21. Consume:
be consumed by/with sth: to have so much of a feeling that it affects everything you do:

He was consumed with jealousy.

As a  teenager, I was consumed by passion for the boy  next door.

shows a mindset that is deeply xenophobic & consumed by hatred towards Pakistan.

Someone can be said to be consumed by/with a feeling if that feeling is extremely strong:

We were consumed with joy  and  relief, as well as  profound  gratitude.

to use fuel, energy, or time, especially in large amounts:

Our high living  standards  cause  our current population to consume 25 percent of the world's oil.

to eat or drink, especially a lot of something:

He consumes huge amounts of  bread  with every  meal.

Consumption:
the amount used or eaten:

As a  nation,  our consumption of junk  food  is horrifying.

We need to cut  down on  our fuel  consumption by having fewer cars  on the  road.

the act of using, eating, or drinking something:

The  meat was  clearly unfit  for human  consumption  (= not safe  for people to  eat).

These products are not for national consumption, but for  export.

the situation in which information, entertainment, etc. is intended for a particular group of people:

This  memo is for  internal consumption only.

The  movie was not intended for  public consumption.

22. Consumables:
goods that people buy regularly because they are quickly used and need to be replaced often:

It is now the leading supplier of non-food consumables to  hotels  and caterers.

computer consumables, such as  ink cartridges and printer paper

23. Consumer advertising:

the activity of making products or services known to the public and persuading people to buy them:

Detergent is mainly  marketed  through  consumer  advertising  to create brand loyalty  and pre-sell the  product.

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