GASES

• Have kinetic energy that produces rapid motion

• Held together by weak intermolecular forces
• Capable of filling all available spaces
• Compressible
• invisible
Properties of Gases

Pressure
Volume
Amount (moles)
Temperature
GAS LAWS
Boyle’s Law, which describes the relationship
between pressure and volume of gases
BOYLE`S LAW(P1V1=P2V2)
1. What is the final pressure of the gas solution having an initial
pressure of 3 atm and volume of 3L cooled into 6 L..
2. What was the initial pressure of a gas having been processed and
mixed with helium with an initial volume of 400ml into 780mmhg and
2L.
Charles’ Law
Describes the relationship between volume and temperature.
CHARLES` LAW (V1T2=V2T1)
1. The volume of the gas mixture is 32ml and turned into 56ml , what
will be the temperature of the mixture after processing if it was
heated at a temperature of 35K before.
2. What is the final volume of carbon dioxide to be used with an
initial volume of 600ml, initial temperature of 80 degrees Celsius
and final temperature of 54 degrees Fahrenheit.
 GAY-LUSSAC`S LAW
an ideal gas law where at constant volume, the pressure of an ideal gas
is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.
GAY LUSSAC`S LAW (P1T2=P2T1)
1. Initial pressure: 9809 mmhg Final pressure: ?
Initial temperature: 45K Final temperature: 36 C
2. The temperature of nitrogen gas 3670K and cooled to 43degree
Fahrenheit with a final pressure of 753 torr.
• "equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure
contain the same number of molecules regardless of their chemical
nature and physical properties".
• V1n2 = V2n1

AVOGADRO`S PRINCIPLE
AVOGADRO`S LAW(V1N2=V2N1)
• What is the number of moles of the gas solution having a mass of
45kg and a molecular weight of 64g/mole.
• Using the answer in first problem, what will be the final volume of the
gas with an initial volume of 4L and final amount of 35 moles.
COMBINED GAS LAWS

Here is one way to "derive" the Combined Gas Law:

Step 1: Write Boyle's Law:

P1V1 = P2V2
Step 2: Multiply by Charles Law:

P1V12 / T1 = P2V22 / T2

Step 3: Multiply by Gay-Lussac's Law:

P12V12 / T12 = P22V22 / T22

Step 4: Take the square root to get the combined gas law:
P1V1 / T1 = P2V2 / T2
IDEAL GAS LAW

• as one in which all collisions between atoms or molecules are

perfectly elastic and in which there are no intermolecular attractive
forces.
• In such a gas, all the internal energy is in the form of kinetic energy
and any change in internal energy is accompanied by a change
in temperature.
IDEAL GAS LAW (PV=nRT)
• R=0.08205L.atm/mole.K (universal gas constant)

• What is the temperature of used for the solution having a pressure of

3 atm and volume of 6 L and 4 moles?
OTHER GAS LAWS
 HENRY`S LAW
• Effect of pressure in solubility of a gas in liquid
• States that the amount of given gas dissolves in a given volume of
liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas
•
• C= kp
•
• C = solubility of gas (M)
• K = Henry`s law constant ( M/atm)
• P = partial pressure (atm)
•
• EXAMPLE:
• What is Henry`s constant for neon dissolved in water given c =
0.00105 M solution and a pressure of 2 atm.
DALTON`S LAW

Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3

P of non-reacting gases = sum of the partial pressure that

each gas exerts individually

EXAMPLE:

What is the total pressure of the sample gas after 45

minutes if every 15 minutes there is an increase of 25 atm
starting from its initial pressure of 39 atm.
•GRAHAM`S LAW = speed of diffusion of 2 different
gases is inversely proportional to the square root of their
densities
•Only a few physical properties of gases depends on the
identity of the gas.
Raoult`s law

 In the 1880s, French chemist François-Marie Raoult discovered that when a

substance is dissolved in a solution, the vapor pressure of the solution will generally
decrease.

FORMULA: P =PA + PB
PA – the vapor pressure of component A x mole fraction of component A
PB – vapor pressure of component B x mole fraction of component B

Mole fraction A + mole fraction of B = 1

GROUPWORK:
1. If a gas at 25 degrees Celsius occupies 0.006 gallon, at what temperature
will it be processed having a decreasing volume of 130L?
2. A gas occupies 12.3 liters at a pressure of 40 mmHg. What is the volume
when the pressure is increased to 60mmHg.
3. To what pressure must a gas be compressed in order to get into a
pressure of 450 torr, if its first temperature was 450 kelvin, while when
tested for the second time, it became 7.001 degrees Fahrenheit.
4. Calculate for the molecular weight of the gas having weight of 302 mg
and composed of 2.97 moles.
5. P1: 3.4 atm T1: 2 degrees C V1: 16ml
P2:1289 mmHg T2: ? V2: 0.1 fluidounce
• GROUP 1
• GROUP 2
• GROUP 3
• GROUP 4
• GROUP 5
• GROUP 6
THE END!