THE AWARENESS AND PRACTICES OF THE SCHOOL HEADS AND THE BARANGAY

OFFICIALS ON ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (ESWM)

IN THE PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS OF
BAAO DISTRICT

A Thesis
Presented to the
Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research
University of Northeastern Philippines
Iriga City

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree
Master of Arts in Education
Major in Administration and Supervision

By:

CHRISTINE MAE A. BENOSA

AUGUST, 2021

i
 UNIVERSITY OF NORTHEASTERN PHILIPPINES
Iriga City
School of Graduate Studies and Research

APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of

Master of Arts in Education, Major in Administration and
Supervision, this thesis entitled: “THE AWARENESS AND PRACTICES
OF THE SCHOOL HEADS AND THE BARANGAY OFFICIALS ON ECOLOGICAL
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (ESWM) IN THE PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS OF
BAAO DISTRICT, DIVISION OF CAMARINES SUR”, has been prepared and
submitted by CHRISTINE MAE A. BENOSA is recommended for
acceptance and approval for final oral examination.

JINA – LUZ Z. ALFELOR, ED. D. PH. D.

Adviser

Approved by the committee on oral examination with a grade of

______.
_________________________
Chairman

__________________________ __________________________
Member Member
_________________________
Member

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

Degree of Master of Arts in Education, Major in Administration
and Supervision.
Comprehensive Examination______.

ELEANOR A. OSEA, Ed.D, CESO IV

Dean, Graduate Studies

Atty. REMELISA G. ALFELOR-MORALEDA

President

ii
 UNIVERSITY OF NORTHEASTERN PHILIPPINES
Iriga City
School of Graduate Studies and Research

ACCEPTANCE SHEET

This thesis hereto attached, entitled: “THE AWARENESS AND

PRACTICES OF THE SCHOOL HEADS AND BARANGAY OFFICIALS ON
ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (ESWM) IN THE PUBLIC ELEMENTARY
SCHOOLS OF BAAO DISTRICT, DIVISION OF CAMARINES SUR”, prepared
and submitted by CHRISTINE MAE A. BENOSA in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in
Education, Major in Administration and Supervision is hereby
accepted.

______________________
Chairman

______________________
Member

______________________
Member

______________________
Member

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

Degree of Master of arts in Education, Major in Administration
ans Supervision.

ELEANOR A. OSEA, Ed.D, CESO IV

Dean, Graduate Studies

Atty. REMELISA G. ALFELOR-MORALEDA

President

iii
 UNIVERSITY OF NORTHEASTERN PHILIPPINES
Iriga City
School of Graduate Studies and Research

CERTIFICATION

To whom it may concern:

This is to certify that this thesis entitled: “THE AWARENESS

AND PRACTICESOF THE SCHOOL HEADS AND THE BARANGAY OFFICIALS ON
ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (ESWM) IN THE ELEMENTARY
SCHOOLS OF BAAO DISTRICT, DIVISION OF CAMARINES SUR” which has
been prepared and submitted by CHRISTINE MAE A. BENOSA has passed
the criteria set by the committee and Editing of the University.

Issued upon request of the interested party for reference

and whatever purpose this may serve.

_______________________
Editor

iv
 UNIVERSITY OF NORTHEASTERN PHILIPPINES
Iriga City
School of Graduate Studies and Research

CERTIFICATION

To whom it may concern:

This is to certify that this thesis entitled: “THE AWARENESS

AND PRACTICESOF THE SCHOOL HEADS AND THE BARANGAY OFFICIALS ON
ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (ESWM) IN THE ELEMENTARY
SCHOOLS OF BAAO DISTRICT, DIVISION OF CAMARINES SUR” which has
been prepared and submitted by CHRISTINE MAE A. BENOSA has passed
the criteria set by the committee on Statistics and Editing of
the University.

Issued upon request of the interested party for reference

and whatever purpose this may serve.

ELEANOR A. OSEA, Ed.D., CESO IV

Statistics’ Critique

v
 UNIVERSITY OF NORTHEASTERN PHILIPPINES
Iriga City
School of Graduate Studies and Research

CERTIFICATION

To whom it may concern:

This is to certify that all suggestions/recommendations

given by the panelist during the final oral defense of CHRISTINE
MAE A. BENOSA entitled: “THE AWARENESS AND PRACTICES OF THE
SCHOOL HEADS AND BARANGAY OFFICIALS ON ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMNT (ESWM) IN THE PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS OF BAAO
DISTRICT, DIVISION OF CAMARINES SUR”, has been complied with.

Issued upon the request of the interested party for

reference and whatever purpose this may serve.

SHIRLEY M. GALVEZ, DEM

Panel Secretary

vi
 CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name : CHRISTINE MAE A. BENOSA

Address : BAYANIHAN ST., BULUANG, BAAO,

CAMARINES SUR

Date of Birth : NOVEMBER 26, 1996

Gender : FEMALE

Place of Birth : NAGA CITY

Civil Status : SINGLE

Parents : CHRISTOPHER DEL ROSARIO BENOSA

LORELIE ALBAO BENOSA

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary : BULUANG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Graduated: April 2009

Secondary : EUSEBIA PAZ ARROYO MEMORIAL

NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Graduated: April 2013

Tertiary : CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY

OF AGRICULTURE

vii
 Graduated: April 2017

ELIGIBILITY : LET Paaser

Manila
March 2018

WORK EXPERIENCE : PILI CAPITAL COLLEGE INC.

Elementary Teacher
S/Y 2018-2019
SAN VICENTE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Substitute Teacher

SEMINAR-WORKSHOP AND TRAININGS ATTENDED

INSERVICE TRAINING (INSET) PILI CAPITAL COLLEGE Inc.

San Isidro, Pili, Camarines Sur
October 31, 2018

BREAD AND PASTRY PRODUCTION TRAINING (NC II)

June 18 2016 – July 16, 2016
CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES
(partnership with TESDA)
Nabua, Camarines Sur

viii
 ABSTRACT

Title: The Awareness and Practices of the School Heads and the
Barangay Officials on Ecological Solid Waste
Management (ESWM) in the Public Elementary Schools
of Baao District

Author: Christine Mae A. Benosa, Master of Arts in Education,

Major in Administration and Supervision
University of Northeastern Philippines
August 2021, Iriga City

Keywords: Ecological Solid Waste Management (ESWM), Awareness,

Practices, School Heads, Barangay Officials

The main goal of this study was to determine the awareness

level and practices of the school heads and the barangay

officials on Ecological Solid Waste Management (ESWM) in the

Public Elementary Schools in Baao District. Further, it determine

the awareness level on Ecological Solid Waste Management (ESWM);

identify the practices on ESWM; tested the significant difference

between the level of awareness and the practices of the

respondents on ESWM; find out the challenges encountered on ESWM;

analyze the significant difference of the practices between the

respondents; and the policy recommendations generated based from

the findings of the study.

The study adopted the descriptive, evaluative and

inferential method through survey questionnaire, considering the

nature of the research objectives and its research problems. The

ix
school heads and barangay officials are the respondents of the

study. Frequency count, percentage, weighted mean, rank and

Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U Test were used to treat the data

statistically. Significance level was set at 0.05.

The findings derived from the study were as follows:

1. Out of the 10 provisions on Ecological Solid Waste

Management Act, one (1) were rated Very Much Aware (VMA) and nine

(9) were rated Much Aware (MA). The weighted mean is 4.25 ranged

from 3.50 – 4.49 Much Aware.

2. Practices of School Heads and Barangay Officials on Ecological

Solid Waste Management (ESWM).

2.1. Waste Segregation. Five (5) indicators was rated Much

Evident (VME), and one (1) was rated Evident (E). The weighted

mean is 3.92 ranged from 3.50 – 4.49 means Much Evident.

2.2. Waste Collection. Based on the data, one (1) were rated

Much Evident (ME), four (4) indicators were rated Evident (E),

while one (1) indicator was rated Fairly Evident (FE). The

weighted mean is 2.98 ranged from 2.50 – 3.49 which means

Evident.

2.3. Waste Disposal. The data revealed that out of

eight (8) indicators, six (6) were rated Much Evident (ME), one

(1) was rated Evident (E), and one (1) was rated Not at All (NA).

x
The weighted mean is 3.54 ranged from 3.50 – 4.49 means Much

Evident (ME).

2.4. Implementing 5R’s(Refuse, Reduce, Reuse,

Repurpose, and Recycle). The data reveal that out of nine (9)

indicators, eight (8) were rated Much Evident, and one (1)

indicator was rated Fairly Evident (FE). The weighted mean is

3.81 ranged from 3.50 – 4.49 means Much Evident.

3. For the test of Significant Difference between the Level of

Awareness and the Practices of the School Heads and Barangay

Officials on the Ecological Solid Waste Management (ESWM). The

computed Z and the probability associated with Z were: Awareness,

2.15 and .0158 (p<0.05); 0.14 and .4443 (p<0.05).

4. Challenges Encountered by the School Heads and Barangay

Officials in Ecological Solid Waste Management (ESWM). Out of

seventeen (17) indicators, seventeen (17) were rated Challenging

(C). The weighted mean is 2.81 and ranged from 3.24-2.50 which

means Challenging (C).

5. Test of Significant Difference of the practices between the

school heads and the barangay officials on Ecological Solid Waste

Management (ESWM). The computed Z and the probability associated

with Z were: Waste Segregation, 0.08 and .4681 (p<0.05); Waste

Collection, 1.84 and .0329 (p<0.05); Waste Disposal, 0.84 and .

2005; and Implementation of 5R’s, 1.94 and .0262.

xi
6. Policy Recommendations Generated based From the Findings of

the Study.

1. Schools and LGU officials must provide orientation

seminars on Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of

2000/Republic Act 9003.

2. Local governments should contract with private haulers

where individual services are dominant.

3. LGU and PSDS should provide orientation seminars on

proper waste disposal, which would engage all barangay folks to

effectively and efficiently practice zero waste generation.

4. Punong Barangay should have (re)orientation about the

5R’s among people in communities.

5. Municipal Mayor needs to impose penalties.

6. LGU can Establish incentive and penalty systems to

encourage the public to segregate.

6.1. Punong Barangay should empower and involve barangay

officials and stakeholders especially in identifying alternative

options for far-flung areas.

The conclusions were summarized as follows:

xii
 1. The assessment of the respondents on the level of

awareness on Ecological Solid Waste Management (ESWM) is Much

Aware.

2. The practices of the respondents on Ecological Solid

Waste Management (ESWM) along Waste Segregation, Waste

Collection, Waste Disposal, and Implementation of 5 R’s is Much

Evident.

3. There is no significant difference on the respondents’

awareness level and practices on Ecological Solid Waste

Management (ESWM).

4. The challenges encountered by the respondents on the

awareness and practices on Ecological Solid Waste Management

(ESWM) is considered Much Challenging.

5. There is no significant difference on the respondents’

practices on the Ecological Solid Waste Management (ESWM).

6. Policy recommendations are generated based from the

findings of the study.

The recommendations drawn from the findings were:

1. Trainings and seminars about Ecological Solid Waste

Management (ESWM) still needs to conduct for continuous

awareness.

xiii
 2. Disciplinary actions/ sanctions may be given for those

who violate the rules and regulations on waste management

practices.

3. Empower and involve barangay officials and stakeholders

especially in identifying alternative options for far-flung

areas.

4. The Coordinator of Solid Waste Management Program should

lead campaigns and give more information about proper practices

in the four (4) dimensions4 dimensions (waste segregation, waste

collection, waste disposal and implementing the 5R’s) of solid

waste management in order to have a very good habit on these

practices.

4.1. Encourage backyard composting especially to those

areas that can’t be reached by the waste collection vehicle.

5. Local government units (LGUs) should formulate

sustainable and contextualized SWM programs that would encourage

and motivate the public to give their cooperation and full

support.

6. LGUs should reach out and build partnerships with

nongovernment organizations, private sectors, and civic

organizations for additional support and resources.

The following are recommended for future research:

xiv
 1. A similar study may be conducted using different

variables.

2. Fully understand the Ecological Solid Waste Management.

3. A similar study is recommended to include more strategies

relating to waste characterization and waste disposal to justify

further the results of the present study.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… i

APPROVAL SHEET …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ii

ACCEPTANCE SHEET ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… iii

CERTIFICATION ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… iv

CURRICULUM VITAE ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… vii

ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… xv

LIST OF TABLES ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………xviii

LIST OF FIGURES ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… xx

CHAPTERS

1. THE PROBLEM ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1

Statement of the Problem ……………………………………………………………… 16

Assumptions ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17

Hypotheses …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18

xv
 Significance of the Study …………………………………………………………… 18

Scope of Delimitations …………………………………………………………………… 22

Locale of the Study …………………………………………………………………………… 24

Definition of Terms …………………………………………………………………………… 32

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES ………………………… 37

Ecological Solid Waste Management (ESWM) …………………… 37

Implementing 5R’s ………………………………………………………………………………… 51

Challenges Encountered on Ecological

Solid Waste Management (ESWM) ………………………………………………… 58

Policy Recommendations …………………………………………………………………… 68

Synthesis of the State-of-the-Art ……………………………………… 72

Gap Bridged by the Study ……………………………………………………………… 74

Theoretical Framework ……………………………………………………………………… 74

Conceptual Framework ………………………………………………………………………… 78

3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ……………………………………………………………………………… 81

Research Design ……………………………………………………………………………………… 81

Sampling Technique ……………………………………………………………………………… 82

Instrument Used ……………………………………………………………………………………… 86

Statistical Treatment of the Data ……………………………………… 92

4. THE LEVEL OF AWARENESS AND PRACTICES OF THE

SCHOOL HEADS AND THE BARANGAY OFFICIALS

ON ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (ESWM) ………… 94

Awareness on Ecological Solid Waste

xvi
 Management (ESWM) ………………………………………………………… 95

Practices on Ecological Solid Waste

Management (ESWM) ………………………………………………………… 101

Summary of the Respondents Practices

On Ecological Solid Waste Management

(ESWM) ……………………………………………………………………………………… 113

The test of the Significant Difference

Between the Level of Awareness and

the Practices of the School Heads on

Ecological Solid Waste Management

(ESWM) …………………………………………………………………………………………… 116

Challenges Encountered by the Respondents

on the Ecological Solid Waste

Management (ESWM) ……………………………………………………………… 118

The Test of the Significant Difference in

Practices of the School Heads and

the Barangay Officials on Ecological

Solid Waste Management (ESWM) ……………………………… 122

Policy Recommendations Generated

based from the Findings

of the study ……………………………………………………………………… 124

5. SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS ………………………………………………………………………………………… 127

Summary ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 127

xvii
Findings of the Study …………………………………………………………… 128

Conclusions ……………………………………………………………………………………… 133

Recommendations …………………………………………………………………………… 134

Recommendations for the Future Research …………… 135

xviii
LIST OF TABLES

Table

1. The Respondents of the Study

(School Heads and Barangay Officials) …………………………………………… 86

2. Table of Specification of the Questionnaire ………………………………… 89

3. Awareness on Ecological Solid Waste management ………………………… 101

4. Practices on Ecological Solid Waste Management

(ESWM) along Waste Segregation ……………………………………………………………… 104

5. Practices on Ecological Solid Waste Management

(ESWM) along Waste Collection ………………………………………………………………… 107

6. Practices on Ecological Solid Waste Management

(ESWM) along Waste Disposal ……………………………………………………………………… 110

7. Practices on Ecological Solid Waste Management

(ESWM) along Implementing 5R’s (Refuse,

Reduce, Reuse, Repurpose, and Recycle) ………………………………………… 113

8. Summary of the Practices on Ecological Solid

Waste Management (ESWM) ………………………………………………………………………… 115

9. Test of Significant Difference between the

level of awareness and practices of the school

heads and the barangay officials on the Ecological

Solid Waste Management (ESWM) ………………………………………………………………… 119

xix
10. Challenges encountered on Ecological Solid

Waste Management (ESWM) ……………………………………………………………………… 121

11. Test of Significant Difference on practices

between the school heads and the barangay

officials on Ecological Solid Waste

Management (ESWM) ……………………………………………………………………………………… 124

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure

1. Map Of Baao ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 28

2. The Theoretical Paradigm …………………………………………………………………………………… 78

3. The Conceptual Paradigm ……………………………………………………………………………………… 81

4. The Respondents of the Study ………………………………………………………………………… 87

5. Gantt Chart of the Research Procedure ………………………………………………… 93

6. Awareness Level on Ecological Solid Waste

Management (ESWM) ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 102

7. Practices on Ecological Solid Waste Management

(ESWM) along Waste Segregation ………………………………………………………… 105

8. Practices on Ecological Solid Waste Management

(ESWM) along Waste Collection …………………………………………………………… 108

9. Practices on Ecological Solid Waste Management

(ESWM) along Waste Disposal ………………………………………………………………… 111

10. Practices on Ecological Solid Waste Management

(ESWM) along Implementation of 5R’s (Refuse,

Reduce, Reuse, Repurpose, and Recycle) ………………………………………… 114

11. Summary of Practices on Ecological Solid

Waste Management (ESWM) ………………………………………………………………………………… 116

12. Challenges Encountered on Ecological Solid

Waste Management (ESWM) ………………………………………………………………………………… 122

xxi