Maths Olympiad

Program
Maths Olympiad Program
Aim of the Program
To discover the potential talent and
encourage them to lead a successful life
ahead. This initiative is to empower young
minds and help them to analyze their logical
thinking, critical problem-solving skills, and
general mathematical ability according to
the National level.
 Primary

V and VI Standards Before

Course Fee : 6000 Basic 31st Jan
C L A S S E S
Medium : English 25%

NMTC Sub Junior

VII and VIII Standards Scholarship

Course Fee : 6000 Basic Criteria 01 Jan
Course Fee : 9000 Plus to
Medium : English 25 Feb
15%
PRMO / IOQM

IX and X Standards
Course Fee : 12000 Basic 01
Course Fee : 15000 Plus March
Medium : English Onwards
10%
 Students Online
Classes Starting From
From 20th Jan 2021
(Take from your
Class 5th to 10th
home)
Features of Recorded Video Lectures
• High-quality Recorded Video Lectures
• Created by Highly Experienced Faculties
• Innovative Teaching Methods helps in conceptualizing complex-concepts
• Efficient problem-solving methods by Experts
• In-depth approach towards class-wise syllabus
• Crystal-clear understanding of concepts
• Concise theory with proofs and detailed explanation
• Regular mock tests and quizzes to analyze student’s progress level
Ratio

Ratio: A ratio is a comparison of two numbers (quantities) by division. The ratio of

𝐚
a to b is written as a : b or . In the ratio a : b, a and b are called terms of the ratio.
𝐛
'a' is the antecedent and 'b' is the consequent.
Ratio

Properties of ratio
(a) In a ratio, two quantities are compared. So, the quantities must be of the
same kind i.e. they must be expressed in the same units.

(b) The order of the terms in a ratio a : b is very important, since 2 : 3 is not
same as 3 : 2.

(c) The value of a ratio remains unaltered if the given ratio is multiplied or
divided by the same non–zero quantity. If a, b and m are non–zero real
numbers then a : b = ma : mb and a : b = a/m : b/m.

(d) If the ratio of any two quantities can be expressed exactly by the ratio of
two integers, the quantities are said to be commensurable otherwise
incommensurable.
Ratio

To divide a number into parts in a given ratio

Let 'X' be the given number, the given ratio is 𝑥 ∶ 𝑥 .

X is to be divided into two parts such that the Value of first part : Value of second
part = 𝑥 : 𝑥 Therefore

First part = ×X

Second part = ×X

Compare the ratio 3 : 4 and 1 : 2

= × =
= × =
3 > 2, > i.e. 3 : 4 > 1 : 2
Ratio

Comparison of ratio
Let a : b and c: d are two given ratios, then
(a) a : b > c : d if ad >bc

(b) a : b < c : d if ad <bc

(c) a : b = c : d if ad = bc

(d) Ratios can also be compared by expressing the ratios as fractions and then
converting them to decimal numbers.

(e) They can also be compared by converting them to their equivalent fraction
of common denominator.
Ratio

Ratio of greater inequality or lesser inequality

(a) A ratio a : b is called a ratio of greater inequality
If a > b e.g. 5 : 2 is a ratio of greater inequality. A ratio of greater inequality
is decreased if a same positive number is added to both the terms of the
ratio and increased if a same positive number is subtracted from both of its
terms.

(b) A ratio a : b is called ratio of less inequality if a < b

A ratio of less inequality is decreased if a same positive number is
subtracted from both the terms of the ratio and increased if a same positive
quantity is added to both of its terms.
Ratio

More terms related to ratios:

(a) Compounded Ratio : The compounded ratio of a : b and c : d is ac : bd.

(b) Duplicate Ratio : The duplicate ratio of a : b is a2 : b2

(c) Triplicate Ratio : The triplicate ratio of a : b is a3 : b3

 
(d) Sub–duplicate Ratio : The sub–duplicate ratio of a : b is   𝑎: 𝑏

(e) Sub–triplicate Ratio : The sub–triplicate ratio of a : b is 𝑎: 𝑏

(f) Inverse Ratio: The inverse ratio or reciprocal ratio of a : b is : i.e., b : a

ratio × It’s Inverse Ratio = 1.
Proportion

Equality of two ratios is called proportion.

If a : b = c : d, then a, b, c and d are in proportion, a : b = c : d is also represented as
a : b :: c :d.

(1) Each quantity a, b, c and d of a proportion a : b :: c : d is called a term or

proportional. a, b, c and d are respectively called first, second, third and
fourth term or proportional of the proportion a: b :: c: d.

(2) The first and the fourth (last) terms are called extremes and the second and
third terms are called middle terms or means.
Proportion

(3) In a proportional a : b :: c : d product of extremes = product of means.

(4) In a proportion, fourth term is called fourth proportional of the other three
terms.
Proportion

(5) If a : b :: c : d then b : a :: d : c or = ⇔ = This is known as

Invertendo.

(6) If a : b :: c : d then a : c :: b : d or = ⇔ = This result is known as

Alternendo.
Proportion

(7) If a : b :: c : d ⇒   + 1 = + 1 ⇒ = or a : b :: c : d  (a + b) : b ::
(c + d) : d ...... (1).
This result is known as Componendo.

(8) If a : b :: c : d ⇒ − 1 = − 1 ⇒ = or a : b :: c : d  (a – b) : b ::
(c – d) : d ...... (2).
This result is known as Dividendo.
Proportion

(9) Dividing equation (1) and (2) we get = ⇒ (𝑎 + 𝑏): (𝑎 − 𝑏): :

(𝑐 + 𝑑): (𝑐 − 𝑑) or a : b :: c : d Û This result is known as Componendo and
Dividendo.

(10) a, b, c, d are said to be in continued proportion If = =

Proportion

(11) if a, b, c are in continued proportion then = ⇒ 𝑏 = 𝑎𝑐 ⇒ 𝑏 =

±   𝑎𝑐 ,  𝑏 is called mean proportional of 'a' and 'c' and its value is   𝑎𝑐 . (b >
0) The first is to the third is the duplicate ratio of first to the second.
= = × = × =

(12) If a : b = c : d and e : f = g : h, then ae : bf = cg : dh

If a : b = c : d , b : x = d : y,
then a : x = c : y,
Proportion

(13) a:b = c:d = e:f = (ka + lc + me)/ (kb + ld + mf). It follows that if all the ratios
are finite and denominator kb + ld + mf = 0 then it implies ka + lc + me = 0
E.g. If a : b = 5 : 9 and b : c = 4 : 7, find a : b : c. (Combining Ratios)
E.g. The monthly incomes of two persons are in the ratio 4 : 5. The monthly
expenditure of them are in the ratio 7 : 9. If each saves Rs. 1000 per month
find their income.
 ( ) ( )
E.g. If = = ; prove that + + =
 ( ) ( ) ( )
E.g. If = = , prove that =
( )
E.g. If𝑥 = . Solve that x3 – 3mx2 + 3x – m = 0.
E.g. 4 men and 3 women finish a job in 6 days. And 5 men and 7 women can do
the same job in 4 days. How long will 1 man and 1 women take to do the
work ?

(A) 22 days (B) 25 days (C) 5 days (D) 12 days

E.g. A person distributes his pens among four friends A, B, C and D in the ratio

: : : . What is the minimum number of pens that the person should have?
 Tagging :
Question Key Idea :

Q. Two numbers are respectively 20% and 50% more than a third number. Find the
ratio of the two numbers.
 Tagging :
Question Key Idea :

Q. What quantity must be added to each term of the duplicate ratio of a: b to make
it equal to a: b.
 Tagging :
Question Key Idea :

Q. If a : b = c : d = e : f show that 27(a + b) (c + d)(e + f) = bdf + +

 Tagging :
Question Key Idea :

Q. If y varies as the sum of two quantities, of which one varies directly as x and the
other inversely as x; and if y = 6 when x = 4, and y = 3 when x = 3; then find the
equation between x and y.
 Tagging :
Question Key Idea :

Q. A diamond falls and breaks into pieces whose weights are in the ratio 2 : 3 : 5.
The value of the diamond is directly proportional to the square of its weights.
Find the loss incurred, if the actual cost of the diamond is Rs. 96000. (in Rs.)