CARBON

AND
ITS
COMPOUNDS
 Examples 

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
Example  One mole of a hydrocarbon ‘X’ reacted completely with one
mole of hydrogen gas in the presence of a heated catalyst.
What could be the formula of ‘X’ ?
01
(A) C2H6 (B) C3H8 (C) C5H10 (D) C7H16

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Example  What is P in the given chemical reaction ?
𝐁𝐨𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠
Vegetable oil + Alkali Soap + P
02

(A) Fat (B) Ester (C) Glycerol (D) Ethanol

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Example  Few reactions are given below in which ethanol is either a
reactant or a product.

03 (i) Combustion of ethanol

(ii) Conversion of ethene to ethanol
(iii) Fermentation of glucose
(iv) Oxidation of ethanol to ethanoic acid

In which reactions is water also either a reactant or a

product?
(A) Only (i), (iii) and (iv) (B) Only (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(C) Only (i), (ii) and (iv) (D) Only (iii)

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Example Given below is the structural formula of a substance.

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 O

04
CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 O S O–Na+

O
What is the substance ?
(A) Sulphonic acid (B) Fatty acid
(C) Soap (D) Detergent

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Example  Which reactions given below are oxidation reactions?

Ethanol
05 C2H5OH

Ethyl Ethanoic Sodium

Z Y
ethanoate acid ethanoate
CH3CO2C2H5 CH3CO2H CH3CO2Na
(A) Only X (B) Only X and Y
(C) Only Y (D) Only Y and Z

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Example  Compound X has the molecular formula C2H6O.
1. X can be made by fermentation process.
2. X can be oxidised to Y.
06
3. X can react with Y to form Z and water.
To which homologous series do X, Y and Z belong?
X Y Z
(A) Alcohols Carboxylic Acids Esters
(B) Alcohols Esters Carboxylic Acids
(C) Ether Alcohols Esters
(D) Ether Esters Alcohols

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Example  P
𝐚𝐥𝐤.𝐊𝐌𝐧𝐨𝟒 ,∆
Q
+𝐏
R (sweet smelling substance)
R gives back P and Q on saponification. Identify P and Q
07
respectively.

(A) CH4 , CH2 CH2 (B) CH3CH2OH, CH3CH CH2

(C) CH3COOH, CH3COOC2H5 (D) CH3CH2OH, CH3COOH

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Example  Three hydrocarbons X, Y and Z are shown below:
X : CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 ;
Y : CH3 CH2 C C CH3
08 Z : CH3CH2 CH CH CH3
Identify the incorrect statements about these three
hydrocarbons.
I. X and Y both differ by a CH2 unit.
II. X and Z have the same boiling point.
III. All have different general formulae.
IV. Y and Z have different molecular masses.

(A) I and II (B) II and III

(C) I and IV (D) All the statements are incorrect.

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Example  The bonding in sulphuric acid can be represented by the
structure shown.
H O O
09
S
H O O

What is the total number of electrons in the covalent bonds

surrounding the sulphur atom?
(A) 4 (B) 6
(C) 8 (D) 12

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Example  Which equation correctly shows the chemical reaction
between ethanoic acid and sodium hydroxide?
10 (A) CH3COOH + NaOH No reaction
(B) CH3COOH + NaOH CH3CONa + H2O
(C) CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O
(D) CH3COOH + NaOH NaCH2COOH + H2O

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Example  Covalent bonding is least likely to be formed

(A) Between different elements in group VII.

11
(B) In a substance with high melting and boiling points.
(C) In a compound with low melting and boiling points.
(D) Between elements in group I and elements in group VII.

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Example  Pentane has the molecular formula C5 H12. It has
(A) 5 covalent bonds.
12 (B) 12 covalent bonds.
(C) 16 covalent bonds.
(D) 17 covalent bonds.

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Example  Heating sodium hydrogencarbonate to constant mass gives a
residue and a gas that turns limewater cloudy. The addition of
acid to the residue releases more of the same gas. What is the
13 equation for heating sodium hydrogen carbonate?

(A) 2NaHCO3 2NaOH + 2CO2

(B) 2NaHCO3 2NaOH + 2CO +O2
(C) 2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + H2 + O2
(D) 2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Example  Match the entries of Column-I with those in Column-II.
Column – 1 Column – II
14 a. Hexane 1. C4H10
b. Ethane 2. C6H12
c. Pentene 3. C5H10
d. Hexene 4. C2H 6
e. Butane 5. C6H14

(A) a-5, b-4, c-3, d-1, e-2 (B) a-3, b-4, c-2, d-5, e-1
(c) a-5, b-4, c-3, d-2, e-1 (D)a-5, b-2, c-1, d-4, e-3

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Example  Which hydrocarbon exhibits isomerism?

(A) Ethane (B) Propane

15
(C) Butane (D) Methane

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Example  Which one of the following statements is correct?

(i) Cyclohexane is a saturated cyclic hydro carbon.

16
(ii) The general formula of alkyne is CnH2n-1·
(iii) The common name of ethyne is acetylene.
(iv) Ethene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
(v) The common name of ethane is propylene.
(A) I and II (B) II, III and IV
(C) I, III and IV (D) II and IV

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Example  Which of the following statements about diamond is incorrect?

(A) A diamond crystal is a giant molecule of carbon atoms

17 (B) Each carbon atoms in a diamond crystal is linked to four
other carbon atoms by strong ionic bonds
(C) Diamond does not conduct electricity
(D) The melting point of diamond is more than 3500℃

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

·
Example  Identify an unsaturated hydrocarbon that does not form a
cyclic structure.

18 (A) Ethene (B) Butene

(C) Hexyne (D) Pentene

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Example  What is the difference in the formulae and molecular masses
of CH3OH and C2H5OH?

19 (A) CH3 and 16 units (B) CH2 and 14 units

(C) CH4 and 18 units (D) CH3 and 18 units

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Example  Soaps can remove dirt or grease from clothes by the formation
of a/an

20 (A) acid (B) base

(C) micelle (D) ethyl alcohol

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