Maths Olympiad

Program
Maths Olympiad Program
Aim of the Program
To discover the potential talent and
encourage them to lead a successful life
ahead. This initiative is to empower young
minds and help them to analyze their logical
thinking, critical problem-solving skills, and
general mathematical ability according to
the National level.
 Primary

V and VI Standards Before

Course Fee : 6000 Basic 31st Jan
C L A S S E S
Medium : English 25%

NMTC Sub Junior

VII and VIII Standards Scholarship

Course Fee : 6000 Basic Criteria 01 Jan
Course Fee : 9000 Plus to
Medium : English 25 Feb
15%
PRMO / IOQM

IX and X Standards
Course Fee : 12000 Basic 01
Course Fee : 15000 Plus March
Medium : English Onwards
10%
 Students Online
Classes Starting From
From 20th Jan 2021
(Take from your
Class 5th to 10th
home)
Features of Recorded Video Lectures
• High-quality Recorded Video Lectures
• Created by Highly Experienced Faculties
• Innovative Teaching Methods helps in conceptualizing complex-concepts
• Efficient problem-solving methods by Experts
• In-depth approach towards class-wise syllabus
• Crystal-clear understanding of concepts
• Concise theory with proofs and detailed explanation
• Regular mock tests and quizzes to analyze student’s progress level
Algebraic Expressions

Sophie Germain identity

Homogeneous Expressions
An expression is said to be homogeneous when all its terms are of the same
degree. For example, ax + by is homogeneous expression of the first degree in x and
y, ax2 + bxy + cy2 is a homogeneous expression of the second degree in x and y, and
ax3 + by3 + cz3– xyz is homogeneous expression of the third degree.

If a homogeneous expression of the first degree, say x + y + z, is multiplied by a

homogeneous expression of the second degree, say ax2 + by2 + cz2, then the
product ax3 + by3 + cz3 + ax2y + ax2z + by2x + by2z + cz2x + cz2y is a homogeneous
expression of the third degree (\ 1 + 2 = 3).

The product of two homogeneous expressions of degrees m and n, respectively, is a

homogeneous expression of degree m + n.
Symmetric Expressions
An integral function is said to be symmetric with respect to a pair of variables if the
expression remains unaltered when the variables are interchanged, i.e., an
expression f(x,y) is said to be symmetric if f(x,y) = f(y,x).

Explanation: x2 + 2xy + y2 is symmetric with respect to x and y, since when x and y

are interchanged, the resulting function, y2 + 2yx + x2, is the same as the original
function. Further, xy + yz + zx is a symmetric expression, since by interchanging x
and y, it becomes yx + xz + zy, which is the same as xy+ yz + zx. Similarly, xy + yz + zx
is symmetric with respect to the pair (y, z) and (z, x), and hence xy + yz + zx is
symmetric in x, y, and z.
Symmetric Expressions

Similarly, x + y + z, x2 + y2 + z2 – xy – yz – zx , x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz, x + y + 1, and

x3 + y3 – x – y are symmetric expressions.

Note:
x – y + 1 is not symmetric in x and y and ab + bc– ca is not symmetric in a, b, and c.

A symmetric expression is not necessarily a homogenous, nor a homogeneous

necessarily symmetrical.

For example, x + y – 1 is a symmetric function but not a homogenous function.

Again, x2 + xy is a homogeneous function but not a symmetric function.
Symmetrical Expressions

Properties of Symmetrical Expressions:

(1) In a symmetric function, all terms of the same type must occur and their
coefficients must be equal.

Terms which can be obtained from one another by successively interchanging the
variables are known as same type terms.

Explanation: If x, y, and z are the variables, then y2z and z2y are terms of the same
type, since the former is changed to the latter by interchanging the pair y, z.
Similarly, z2x, x2z, y2x, and x2y are all terms belonging to the same type as y2z and
z2y, but x3, y3, and z3 are not terms of the same y2z type, since the interchanging of
the letters x, y, and z will not transform y2z into x3, y3, or z3.
Symmetrical Expressions
(2) The sum, difference, product or quotient of two symmetric expressions is a
symmetric expression. If we consider two letters x and y, then, in general, the
symmetric homogeneous expressions of the first and second degrees, respectively,
are the following:
(i) k(x + y)
(ii) k(x2 + y2) + mxy, where k and m are constants

If we consider three letters x, y, and z, then, in general, the symmetric homogenous

expressions of the first and second degrees, respectively; are the following:
(i) k(x + y + z)
(ii) k(x2 + y2 + z2) + m(xy + yz + zx), where k and m are any constants.

The values of these constants can be found out by comparing the coefficients.
Cyclic Symmetric Expressions

An expression f(x ,y, z) is said to be a cyclic expression if

f(x, y, z) = f(y, z, x) = f(z, x, y).

For the sake of brevity we use the symbols ∑ and ∏ to write the cyclic expressions.
∑ is used for sum of terms and ∏ is used for product of terms.

The addition, subtraction, multiplication, and/or division of two cyclic polynomials

always results in a cyclic polynomial.
Cyclic Symmetric Expressions

Here are some common factors and their cyclic representatives for a cyclic
polynomial with 3 variables:
Expression Expansion
 
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
𝑎
 
  𝑎 +𝑏 +𝑐
𝑎
  
𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎
𝑎𝑏
 
  𝑎 (𝑏 + 𝑐) + 𝑏 (𝑐 + 𝑎) + 𝑐 (𝑎 + 𝑏)
𝑎 (𝑏 + 𝑐)
     

𝑘𝑎 𝑘 𝑎
   
 
𝑎𝑏𝑐
𝑎
 
 
(𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑏 + 𝑐)(𝑐 + 𝑎)
(𝑎 + 𝑏)
 
HCF and LCM of Polynomials

A polynomial D(x) is a divisor of the polynomial P(x) if it is a factor of P(x). Where

Q(x) is another polynomial such that P(x) = D(x) × Q(x)

(1) HCF/GCD (Greatest Common Divisor) : A polynomial h(x) is called the HCF or
GCD of two or more given polynomials, if h(x) is a polynomial of highest degree
dividing each of one of the given polynomials.
(2) L.C.M. (Least Common Multiple) : A polynomial P(x) is called the LCM of two or
more given polynomials, if it is a polynomial of smallest degree which is divided by
each one of the given polynomials.

For any two polynomials P(x) and Q(x), we have:

P(x) × Q(x) = [HCF of P(x) and Q(x)] × [LCM of P(x) and Q (x)]
Algebraic Expressions

E.g. If (x + a)2 + (y + b)2 = 4 (ax + by), where x, a, y, b are real, then find the value
of xy – ab.
Algebraic Expressions

E.g. Simplify :
( ) ( ) ( )
 Algebraic Expressions

 
E.g. Factorize : 𝑥 + 4 2𝑥 + 6
Algebraic Expressions

E.g. If a, b, c, d are positive integers such that a = bcd, b = cda, c = dab and
( )
d = abc, then find the value of .
( )
Algebraic Expressions

E.g. If p(x) = (x + 2)(x2 – 4x – 21), Q(x) = (x – 7) (2x2 + x – 6) find the HCF and LCM
of P(x) and Q(x).
Algebraic Expressions

E.g. If HCF & LCM of P(x) and Q(x) are (x + 2) and (x + 3) (x2 + 9x + 14) respectively
if P(x) = x2 + 5x + 6, find Q(x).
Algebraic Expressions

E.g. Factorize: 8𝑝 − 1 − 𝑚 − 6𝑚
 Algebraic Expressions

E.g. Factorize ∑   𝑥 𝑦 (𝑥 − 𝑦)

Algebraic Expressions

E.g. Factorize: P + 3abc if P =𝛴𝑏𝑐(𝑏 + 𝑐)

Algebraic Expressions

E.g. Factorize: (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) − 𝑎 − 𝑏 − 𝑐
Algebraic Expressions

E.g. Factorize: 𝑎 (𝑏 − 𝑐 ) + 𝑏 (𝑐 − 𝑎 ) + 𝑐 (𝑎 − 𝑏 )
 Tagging :
Question Key Idea :

Factorise: (𝑥 + 1) 𝑥 + 2 𝑥 + 3 𝑥 + 4 − 3
 Tagging :
Question Key Idea :

Find the quotient when 𝑥 − 𝑦 is divided by 𝑥 − 𝑦.

(i) Factorize : 𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 9
(ii) If p – q = 9, prove that p3 – q3 – 27pq = 729.
(iii) Factorize: 30p2 + 85pq + 35q2
 Tagging :
Question Key Idea :

Evaluate :
(i) (5x + 4y)2 (ii) (4x – 5y)2 (iii) 2𝑥 −
 Tagging :
Question Key Idea :

If a4 + = 119, then find the value of a3 – .

 Tagging :
Question Key Idea :

If x + y = 3 and xy = – 18, find the value of x3 + y3.

 Tagging :
Question Key Idea :

Prove that : a3 + b3 + c3 –3 abc = (a + b + c)[(a – b)2(b – c)2(c – a)2]

 Tagging :
Question Key Idea :

If a + b + c = 15, a2 + b2 +c2 = 83, then find the value of a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc.

 Tagging :
Question Key Idea :

If a + b + c = 0 where a, b, c are non zero real numbers, that the value of (a2 – bc2) – (b2 –
ca) (c2 – ab) is.
 Tagging :
Question Key Idea :

If xy = 6 & x2y + xy2 + x + y = 63 then x2 + y2 = ?

(A) 69 (B) 45 (C) 63 (D) 66
 Tagging :
Question Key Idea :

Expand the following:

(i) ∑  , , 𝑎 𝑏 (ii) ∑  , , 𝑏𝑐 (𝑏 − 𝑐) (iii) ∑  , , 𝑎( 𝑏 − 𝑐)
 Tagging :
Question Key Idea :

Simplify the following:

(i) ∑  , , (𝑥 + 𝑦) (ii) ∑  , , 𝑏 (𝑐 − 𝑎) (iii) ∑  , , (𝑎 − 𝑏 )
 Tagging :
Question Key Idea :

Express the following using ∑ notation:

(i) 𝑎 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑏 𝑐𝑎 + 𝑐 𝑎𝑏 (ii) 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑦−𝑧 + 𝑧−𝑥
 Tagging :
Question Key Idea :

Factorize the following:

(i) ∑   𝑧 𝑥 − 𝑦 (ii) 𝑎 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑏 𝑐 + 𝑎 + 𝑐 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 2𝑎𝑏𝑐
(iii) ∑   𝑎 𝑏 − 𝑐 (iv) (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) − 𝑎 − 𝑏 − 𝑐