Berzier curve

Dr. Eng. Samuel, ST, MT

Introduction
• Two of the most important mathematical representations of curves and surfaces used in
computer graphics and computer-aided design are the B´ezier and B-spline forms.
• The original development of B´ezier curves took place in the automobile industry during the
period 1958–60 by two Frenchmen, Pierre B´ezier at Renault and Paul de Casteljau at Citr¨oen.
• Three representations of curves are considered :Parametric, Non-parametric explicit, Implicit (see
definition 5.1)
• A curve in the plane has the form C(t) = (x(t), y(t)), and a curve in space has the form C(t) = (x(t),
y(t), z(t)).
• The functions x(t), y(t), and z(t) are called the coordinate functions. The image of C(t) is called the
trace of C, and C(t) is called a parametrization of C. A subset of a curve C which is also a curve is
called a curve segment.
• A parametric curve defined by polynomial coordinate functions is called a polynomial curve. The
degree of a polynomial curve is the highest power of the variable occurring in any coordinate
function.
• Example 5.2 (Parametric Curves)
Linear B´ezier Curves
A linear B´ezier curve is a line segment joining two control points b0(p0, q0)
and b1(p1, q1), and parametrized by
(x(t), y(t)) = (1 − t)(p0, q0) + t(p1, q1), for t ∈ [0, 1]
so that x(t) = (1 − t)p0 + tp1, and y(t) = (1 − t)q0 + tq1.
Letting B(t) = (x(t), y(t)), the curve can be written in the vector form
B(t) = (1 − t)b0 + tb1
The curve is defined on the interval [0, 1], so the starting point of the curve is
B(0) = b0 and the finishing point is B(1) = b1, that is, the B´ezier curve
interpolates the first and last control points.
Please click here :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:B%C3%A9zier_1_big.gif
Example 6.1

The B´ezier form for the linear segment passing through points b0(1, 2)
and b1(3, 4) is
B(t) = (1 − t)b0 + tb1 = (1 − t)(1, 2) + t(3, 4). Hence x(t) = (1 − t) + 3t =
1+2t and y(t) = 2(1 − t) + 4t = 2+2t
Quadratic B´ezier Curves
• Suppose three control points b0(p0, q0), b1(p1, q1), and b2(p2, q2)
are specified, Then the quadratic B´ezier curve is defined to be

• The starting point of the curve is B(0) = b0 and the finishing point is
B(1) = b2. The curve can be expressed in the parametric form (x(t),
y(t)) where

• The triangle b0b1b2 obtained by joining the control points with line
segments, in their prescribed order, is called the control polygon.
Cubic B´ezier Curves
• Suppose four control points b0, b1, b2, and b3 are specified, then the
cubic B´ezier curve is defined to be

• As in the quadratic case, the polygon obtained by joining the control

points in the specified order is called the control polygon.
EXERCISES 6.1
• Write down the parametric form of the quadratic B´ezier curve B(t)
with control points b0(−1, 5), b1(2, 0), and b2(4, 6). Evaluate B(0.75)
and B(1.25)
Quadratic vs cubic bezier
The Effect of Adjusting a Control Point
• Consider a cubic B´ezier curve with control points b0, b1, b2, and b3.
The shape of the curve can be changed by adjusting the position of
one or more control points.
• If b0 or b3 are adjusted, then the endpoint interpolation property
implies that the starting or finishing point of the curve will change,
and etc..
• However, the adjustment of any control point always changes the
shape of the entire curve.
Control Point
The General B´ezier Curve
• Given n+1 control points b0, b1, . . . , bn the B´ezier curve of degree n
is defined to be

where

are called the Bernstein polynomials or Bernstein basis functions of degree n.

• The Bernstein polynomials of degrees 2 and 3 are illustrated in Figure
6.6.