Indian Adventure Tourism Guidelines

ADVENTURE TOUR OPERATORS
ASSOCIATION OF INDIA
v e n t u r e
Indian Ad
2018
Version:2
A huge
Executive
Thank You to the
Committee
Swadesh Kumar Ajeet Bajaj Tejbir Singh Anand Rajesh Ojha

President Sr. Vice President Vice President Hony. Secretary
(2016-2018) (2016-2018) (2016-2018) (2016-2018)
Shikhar Travels India Snow Leopard Holiday Moods BanjaraCamps &
Pvt Ltd. Adventures Pvt. Ltd. Adventures Pvt Ltd Retreats Pvt. Ltd.
Vaibhav Kala Akshay Kumar Mohan Tickoo Sanjay Basu

Hony. Treasurer Immediate Past
(2016-2018) President KVT (Kash Venture Far Horizon Tours
Travels Pvt. Ltd.) Pvt. Ltd.
Aquaterra Adventures Mercury Himalayan
(I) Pvt. Ltd. Explorations Ltd.
Vishwas Makhija Vinayak Koul Sudesh Behal Shashank Gupta

India Insight Tours SnowLion Indo Asia Leisure Ruck Sack Tours
Pvt. Ltd. Expeditions Pvt. Ltd. Services Pvt. Ltd. Pvt. Ltd.
Office Bearers Executive Members

www.atoai.org
Dear Colleagues,
On behalf of the Adventure Tour
Operators Association of India,
it gives me immense pleasure to
present to you the second version
of the revised document on Basic
Minimum Standards – Indian
Adventure Tourism Guidelines,
which covers eighteen activities
which are land based, seven
activities which are air based and six
activities which are water based.
This elaborate and essential document has been prepared by a
team of experts in each field of adventure. Our Association is
grateful to the entire team who have done a lot of research and
spent a lot of time and energy to prepare the document.
This will contribute to the growth of adventure tourism industry
in India. I do hope that the adventure tourism community will take
advantage of this and will ensure that they follow these guidelines
in letter and spirit.
With adventure greetings,
Capt. Swadesh Kumar

President
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Dear Adventure Community,

It is an honor and a privilege for me to be associated with Version 2
of the Indian Adventure Tourism Guidelines which Ajeet Bajaj and all
experts mentioned herein have done a fantastic job in putting together.
In your hand now this Version 2, is greatly enhanced and enriched.
Adventurers, Tour Operators and regulatory bodies will undoubtedly
find this document to be a very valuable resource. We should endeavor
to keep abreast of new developments and keep upgrading this
document periodically.
Wishing you many happy Adventures!
Wg Cdr Amit Chowdhury, VSM, MAeSI (Retd)

President Safety Commission, UIAA
Past Vice President Indian Mountaineering Foundation
Recipient of Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award
ADVENTURE TOURISM AND SAFETY GUIDELINES

1. Adventure Tourism has shown an impressive growth in our
country. I am very happy that Govt. of India with help of ATOAI
has framed minimum safety standards for adventure activities in
India. Although all aspects of safety seemingly have been covered in
the guidelines, the overriding factor of “Common Sense” should
never be ignored while undertaking such activities.
2. It is also pertinent to mention that we need to engage fully trained
and qualified manpower in such activities. I appreciate the efforts
put in by various stakeholders in framing these safety guidelines
which is a step forward in restoring the confidence of participants
from all over the world. I am sure these guidelines shall be reviewed
periodically and more teeth shall be added based on practical inputs
from all the stake holders.
3. My best wishes and support will always be with such initiatives.
With warm regards

Yours Sincerely
J. S. Dhillon
Principal - Indian Institute of Skiing and Mountaineering
President - Winter Games Federation of India
5
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Dear Adventurer,
This document exemplifies teamwork in the Indian adventure
tourism fraternity. We are grateful to the entire Adventure Tour
Operators Association of India (ATOAI) team that worked hard to
produce the Indian Adventure Tourism Guidelines that will serve as
a ‘guiding light’ for the adventure tourism industry in India for years
to come.
There are three Gs that are critical when it comes to risk
management: Guidelines, Guides and Gear. We have tried to address
all three aspects in the INDIAN ADVENTURE TOURISM
GUIDELINES. We have to ensure that we follow the standards and
also spread the message that these guidelines should be considered
as gospel in the Indian adventure tourism fraternity. The wilderness
areas where we operate our trips are sacred places for us. Let us tread
lightly and work as honorary wardens of our ‘great outdoors.’
Wishing you happy and safe adventures.....
Ajeet Bajaj
Padmashri Awardee
Co Founder / Sr. Vice President
Adventure Tour Operators Association of India
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Index
Acknowledgments 2017 10 AIR BASED
Hot Air Ballooning 89

Land based
Paragliding / Hang Gliding 96
All Terrain Vehicle (ATV) Tours 12 Para Motoring 100
Bungee Jumping 17 Parasailing 103
Cycling Tours 20 Skydiving 106
Camel Safaris 27 Air Safaris 111
Horse Safaris 31
Jeep Safaris 35 water based
Motorcycle Tours 39
Kiteboarding 116
Mountaineering 44
Kayaking / Sea Kayaking 121
Nature Walks / Bird Watching 48
Rafting 128
Rock climbing, Artificial Wall 53
River Cruising 132
Climbing & Abseiling
Scuba Diving 135
Personal Light Electric 59
Vehicle (PLEV/Segway) Tours Snorkeling 141
Skiing/Snowboarding 65 Water Sports Centres 146
Trekking 71
Wildlife Safaris 76 Essentials 150
Zip Wires & High 82

Ropes Courses
Design by: M. Faisal - 9873463737
Thank you
On behalf of ATOAI, I would like to acknowledge and thank the
following for their tremendous support in drafting these guidelines:-
Ms. Deepika Chowdhry Mr. Madhu Sudan G

Wg. Cdr. Amit Chowdhury Mr. Samit Garg
Vice President, Mr. Jehan Driver
Indian Mountaineering Foundation
Mr. Sanjay Basu
Col. J.S. Dhillon
Ms. Avanti Malsute
Principal, Indian Institute of
Skiing and Mountaineering Mr. Prateek Gupta
Capt. Satish Pathania Mr. Vinay Sirsi
Mr. Ravi Kumar Mr. Arvind Bhardwaj
Programme Director, NOLS India Brig. S.P. Singh
Mr. Anirudh Chaoji Mr. Jitendra Singh Rathore
Mr. Vaibhav Kala Mr. Naveet Bali
Mr. Nirat Bhatt Mr. Paul Mc Pherson
Ms. Deeya S. Bajaj Mr. Rudra Bhanu Solanki
Mr. Gurpreet Dhindsa Mr. Alistair Scott
Col. Manoj Kumar Col. Gary Bajwa
Ms. Gauri Jayaram Ms. Shirly T. Bajaj
Kr. Siddharth Singh Ms. Aanchal Rathi
Col. Manoj Keshwar Mr. Shishir Parab
Mr. Shekhar Babu Ms. Sheena Theofin
Mr. Amit Sharma Ms. Neetu Goel
Mr. Akshay Kumar Maj. S. K. Yadav
Mr. Mohan Tickoo
Ajeet Bajaj
Co Founder / Sr. Vice President
www.atoai.org
Acknowledgements for the 4 pillar workshop held on April 20, 2012.
We would like to acknowledge the tremendous work put in by the entire committee specially
Mr Tejbir Singh Anand, President ATOAI and Wg Cdr Amit Chowdhury, Secretary, Indian
Mountaineering Foundation for the safety pillar.
We also take this opportunity to thank Capt. Swadesh Kumar, Founder President, ATOAI,
Mr. D. Venkatesan, Asst. Director General, Ministry of Tourism, Govt. of India; Col. H. S.
Chauhan, President, IMF and Mr. Ravi Singh, CEO, WWF India.
We would also like to thank Mr. Ravi Kumar, Mr. Subhash Nehria, Mr. V. V. Lamaye, Mr.
Jean Luc Jubert, Mr. Strum Rodolphe, Mr. Raj Basu, Mr. Krishan Singh, Mr. Sandeep Kumar, Mr.
Sidhartha Pradhan, Mr. Mandip Singh Soin, Mr. Ravi Singh Kalra, Ms. Shubhrata, Mr. Akshay
Kumar, Mr. Mohan Tickoo, Mr. Bharat Agarwal, Mr. Amit Sankhala, Mr. Samit Garg, Mr. Jatin
Tulsiani, Capt. Satish Pathania, Ms. Johanna Buss, Mr. Vinayak Koul, Mrs. Rani Puri, Mr. Jonathan
Walter, Mr. Richard, Ms. Mansi, Mr. Rashid Gosain, Inspector Nandan Singh, Mr. Vimlesh, Mr.
Maninder Kohli, Ms. Radhika Rana, Mr. Sunny Wattal for their valuable contribution.
We also acknowledge the presence of Mr. Subhash Verma, President ADTOI and Mr. P. P.
Khanna, Vice President, ADTOI at the workshop.
Ajeet Bajaj
Co Founder / Past President
Chairperson, 4 Pillar Workshop
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2017
Land based Activities
All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) Paramotoring
Col. Manoj Keshwar Mr. Gurpreet Dhindsa / Mr. Satish Pathania
Bungee Jumping Parasailing
Brig. S P Singh / Maj. S. K. Yadav Mr. Gurpreet Dhindsa
Bicycling Skydiving
Ms. Gauri Jayaram / Mr. Mohan Tickoo Mr. Rudra Bhanu Solanki /
Mountain Biking Wg. Cdr. Amit Chowdhury
Mr. Nirat Bhatt Air Safaris
Camel Safaris CAPT Satish Pathania
Mr. Jitender Singh Rathore / Kite Surfing
Mr Anirudh Chaoji Mr. Jehan Driver
Horse Safaris
Kr. Siddharth Singh Water Based Activities
Jeep Safaris
Kr. Siddharth Rohet / Mr. Anirudh Chaoji Kayaking & Sea Kayaking
Ms. Deeya S. Bajaj / Mr. Vaibhav Kala /
Motor Cycling Expeditions Mr. Nirat Bhatt
Col. Manoj Keshwar
Rafting
Mountaineering Mr. Arvind Bharadwaj / Mr. Vaibhav Kala /
Mr. Shekhar Babu Ms. Deeya S. Bajaj
Nature Walks/Bird Watching River Cruising
Mr. Anirudh Chaoji Mr. Sanjay Basu
Rock Climbing Artificial Wall Scuba Diving
Climbing And Abseiling Ms. Avanti Malsute
Mr. Amit Sharma
Snorkeling
Segway Tours Ms. Avanti Malsute
Mr. Nirat Bhatt
Water Sports
Skiing/Snowboarding Ms. Deeya S. Bajaj
Mr. Akshay Kumar / Col. J.S. Dhillon
Trekking
Mr. Mohan Tickoo Essentials
Wildlife Safaris
Mr. Anirudh Chaoji Sustainable Operations
Zip Wires & High Ropes Course Insurance

Mr. Alastair Scott / Mr. Madhusudan Mr. Prateek Gupta
Liability and negligence template
Mr. Vaibhav Kala
Air Based Activities Risk assessment template
Mr. Vaibhav Kala
Hot Air Ballooning
Mr. Samit Garg / Mr Naveet Bali / FA/CPR
Mr Paul McPherson Mr. Vinay Sirsi
Paragliding
Mr. Gurpreet Dhindsa
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ADVENTURE TOURISM GUIDELINES
The compendium relating to "Indian Aventure Tourism Guidelines has been perused.
It encompasses Land based, Air based and Water based adventerous activities.
Land based Adventure Tourism (15) comprises, All Terrain Vehicle Tours (ATV),
Bungee Jumping, Cycling Tours, Camel Safaris, Horse Safaris, Jeep Safaris, Motorcycle
Tours, Mountaineering, Nature Walks / Bird Watching, Rock Climbing / Artificial Wall
Climbing & Abselling, Personal Light Electric Vehicle Tours, Skiing / Snow Boarding,
Trekking, Wildlife Safaris, Zip Wires and High Ropes Courses.
Air Based Adventure Tourism (7) comprises, Hot Air Ballooning, Paragliding /
Hand Gliding, Para Motoring, Parasailing, Ski Diving, Air Safaris, Kite Boarding.
Water Based Adventure Tourism (7) comprises, Kayaking / Sea Kayaking,
Rafting, River Cruisinig, Scuba Diving, Snorkelling, Water Sports Centres, Essentials.
The guidelines are mostly based on providing Standard Operating Procedures
Instructions/Risk Mitigation & Emergencies (Qualification for Guides and Instructors
for all these adventure tourism) Emergency and Rescues, Safety Briefing, Medical
Concerns, Basic Minimum Standards for granting of recognition, Age limit, training,
flying permission, equipments, use of sign board, use of alcohol / drugs, trained
manpower, risk management strategy, inspections and maintenances. Insurance Liabilities,
Death and Disabilities.
11
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Land based
GUIDELINES FOR
ALL TERRAIN VEHICLE
(ATV) TOURS
12
GUIDELINES FOR ALL TERRAIN VEHICLE (ATV) TOURS www.atoai.org
1.1 Adapted from guidelines available on the

websites of the European ATV Safety Institute
and All-Terrain Vehicle Safety Institute (USA).
Introduction
1.2 ATVs (also known as quad bikes), when
operated properly, can be exciting and safe.
However, their incorrect use can lead to serious
injuries. Though ATVs are very similar to cars
& motorcycles, their operation is very different.
ATV operation requires a different level of
instruction and training. These minimum
standards have been outlined to promote safe
practices among operators of ATV tours.
Guides
1.3 Guides supervising participants on All
Terrain Vehicle (ATV). Accreditation given by
any International Institute's may be accepted.
Alternatively the guide should have completed
an in-house training programme which focusses
on the following topics:-
a) An introduction to the ATV machine,
protective clothing, equipment and pre-ride
inspections.
b) Range signals, rules and warm up
exercises.
c) Controls and starting the engine. CUSTOMER TRAINING
d) Starting out, shifting gears and braking. 1.5 ATV operators should always follow
e) Turning. the instruction in their Owner’s Manual for
recommended operating techniques. All
f) Riding strategies / risk awareness. participants of an ATV tour must receive
g) Riding circles and figures of eight. a basic training course before their tour
h) Quicker turns. commences. The basic minimum training
course should cover the following:
i) Sharp turns.
a) To mount and sit on the ATV correctly,
j) Quick stops and swerves.
locate and operate the controls, and
k) Quick stop in a turn. dismount.
l) Riding over obstacles. b) To use the brakes properly to bring ATV
m) Safe and responsible driving practices. to a smooth, safe stop.
n) U-turns and traversing hills. c) To demonstrate basic turning skills by
o) Circuit or Trail rides. shifting weight properly to maintain balance
and avoid the possibility of losing control
1.4 In addition, all guides must be familiar with of ATV.
(and assessed on) the operating manual(s) of
d) It is very important that all participants
the ATV(s) which they operate.
pay attention to the instructions provided by
their guides.
13
Equipment 1.9 Gloves: Gloves should be of a quality

1.6 ATV Machine: ATVs are subject to that will help prevent your hands from getting
considerable wear and tear owing to the nature sore, tired or cold, as well as offering protection
of their use outdoors. Therefore, only use an in the event of a spill/fall. Off-road style
ATV from a reputable manufacturer and ensure gloves, available at leading motorcycle and ATV
maintenance is undertaken as per operating dealerships, provide the best combination of
manual instructions. protection and comfort. They are padded over
the knuckles for added protection.
1.7 Helmet: The single most important piece
of protective gear riders must wear is a helmet, 1.10 Footwear: The minimum protective
which can help prevent serious head injuries. footwear is a pair of ankle-length shoes or
Wearing an approved motorcycle helmet does boots with low heels to help prevent feet from
not reduce essential vision and hearing. Use slipping off the footrests.
either a full face or three-quarter (open-face) 1.11 Clothing: It is important to protect
helmet. Helmets must be properly fitted to the your skin from scratches. A long sleeved jersey/
participant – it should be snug, comfortable and sweater, shirt or T-shirt and long trousers are
securely fastened. requirements for rider protection.
1.8 Face shield or goggles: If the ATV 1.12 Spares & First Aid: It is recommended
tour is in a jungle or in areas with dense foliage, that guides carry an appropriate first aid kit and
a face shield or goggles should be used to tool kit during an ATV tour. Examine the tool
prevent eye injuries. kit that came with your machine.
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Inspections & Maintenance 1.15 Special arrangements for Children

Procedures a) Children under the age of 18 require
1.13 Before commencing each trip, Guides parental consent to ride ATV and adult
must carry out an inspection of any ATV to supervision.
be used by themselves of their customers, b) ATVs are NOT toys and children aged
before each ride. An inspection will minimise below 18 years should only ride the right ATV
the chance of injury or malfunction, ensure for their age.
long-term usage of your ATV. The ASI uses the c) Always follow the manufacturer's minimum
following basic T-CLOC checklist: age recommendations which will be shown on
(T-CLOC stands for Tyres and Wheels, the ATV or in the Operating Manual.
Controls and Cables, Lights and Electrics, Oil
and Fuel, Chain/Drive Shaft and Chassis). Documentation
1.16 The following is the basis minimum
SOPs & Operating Instructions documentation required.
1.14 SOPs have to be formulated for conduct a) ATV and associated equipment purchase
of training programme and the same should be documentation, including warranty, service &
approved by the Tourism Department of the maintenance history documentation.
respective State Government. The following
rules should apply to all participants and guides b) Owner's / Operating Manual for each ATV.
during an ATV tour: c) Training and assessment log for all guides.
a) All participants must wear a helmet and d) First aid certificates for all guides.
other protective equipment.
Risk Mitigation
b) Always keep both hands on the
1.17 A basic risk assessment should be conducted
handlebars and both feet on the footrests of
on any trail intended for the use of ATV tours
ATV during operation.
before participants are permitted to use such a
c) Avoid paved surfaces – ATVs are route.
designed to be operated off paved roads.
1.18 An Emergency Action Plan must be in
d) Avoid public roads unless the machine position and regular training imparted to the staff
has been specifically manufactured for this for the same.
purpose and complies with the relevant
automotive licensing requirements for road Emergencies and rescues
use. 1.19 A first aid kit must be available and the
e) Never allow riding under the influence of venue/route itself must be easily accessible. In
alcohol or drugs. addition, a detailed emergency procedure must
f) Never carry a passenger unless the be written that includes contact numbers of the
machine has been specifically designed and available emergency services. Evacuation routes
manufactured to do so. and emergency procedures must also be included
in the company's risk assessment.
g) Ride only on designated trails and at a
safe speed as mandated by the manufacturer Safety Briefing
of the machine. 1.20 A pre ride safety briefing covering all
h) Extreme care must be taken not to aspects of risks and action to be taken both by
undertake random offroading as it has deep conducting staff and the participants should be
impact on the ecology of the area specially covered in details, some aspects are highlighted
in regions like Ladakh. below.
15
a) Rules and speed limits. serviced and in perfect working order with
b) Wearing of protective gear. the required documentation.
c) ATV controls, operation and pre ride b) The agency must have at least two full
checks. time trained ATV guides duly qualified
(specified above) / knowledgeable about
d) Rider responsibilities and risk awareness.
conducting ATV activity safely, group
e) Group riding procedure to include lane dynamics, rules, communication skills and
position, following other vehicle, head lights, repairs / punctures etc. They must possess
signals and parking. valid First Aid / CPR certification.
f) Handling dangerous surfaces and any c) The operator must have SOPs for
special riding conditions. conducting ATV trips and an Emergency
g) Indemnity bond by participant. Action Plan for all trips.
h) Avoiding alcohol prior to/during the ride. d) A detailed risk assessment must be
i) Staying hydrated and rest stops. carried out prior to conducting ATV trips.
e) A list of hospitals in the vicinity of the
Medical Concerns tour should be carried by the ATV guides.
1.21 These are of two types : personal and f) A detailed SOP for inspecting ATVs,
accident related during the ride. For personal documentation and safety gear prior to
medical conditions clients should be advised to conducting trips must be in position.
carry medication and inform the ride leader. For
g) The agency must have a registered office.
accident related concerns, the ride leader should
have a plan in addition to a First Aid Kit. h) The agency must be registered with the
local tourism authorities.
1.22 Basic Minimum Standards
i) Local level certification for ATV
for Grant of Recognition to Operators. This is desirable which can be
ATV Operators implemented at State Government Level.
a) The agency must own ATVs and all j) The company must follow a strict 'leave
accessories and safety gear as specified no trace' policy and conform to high
above. The ATVs must be well maintained, sustainability standards.
16
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Land based
GUIDELINES FOR
BUNGEE JUMPING
17
GUIDELINES FOR BUNGEE JUMPING www.atoai.org
Introduction
2.1 Bungy Jump is a land based extreme
adventure sports activity in which the jumper is
made to jump from a height with a rubber cord
tied to his ankle. It is an extremely dangerous
activity if proper precautions are not taken and
safety procedures are not followed. However
once the safety procedures are followed and
jump platform is constructed according to
safety guidelines this activity is very safe and
chances of accidents are greatly reduced.
Guides/Instructors Regular maintenance of the equipment being used
must be done and recorded.
2.2 The jump staff particularly the jump
masters should be properly trained and have SOPs and Operating instruction
vast experience in this activity. They should
2.5 Since there are no Indian standards, it is
possess a calm and mature attitude and have an
recommended that operations are carried out as
eye for detail/errors. They require a very high
per Australian and New Zealand standards. No
level of physical fitness, self discipline, excellent
Dilution in these standards is acceptable. The site
communication and risk management skills and
should have SOPs for operations and rescue drills.
also the motivation to perform these activities.
The age limit for bungy jumping is 12 - 45 years.
Equipment Minimum weight allowed for a jump is 40 kgs and
maximum weight allowed is 110 kgs.
2.3 The equipment used for bungy jump
should be certified and procured from reputed Documentations
companies. The storage and maintenance of the
2.6 The following documents are required to be
equipment has to be proper. Regular inspection
maintained at the site.
of the equipment should be carried out and
record should be maintained. No unauthorized a) Record of equipment.
person should have access to the equipment. b) Safety log.
All the discarded equipment should be removed c) Maintenance log.
from the site and destroyed.
d) Record of rubber.
Rubber has to be procured from a reputed
e) Jump log.
and recognized source. It’s shelf life should be
recorded. The rubber has to be stored in a cool f) Incident folders.
dark place and saved from UV rays. Regular g) Medical Record.
inspection should be carried out. Bungee h) First Aid Kit Record.
cords should be made by the jump masters
i) Insurance Record.
and certified. The record of jumps must be
maintained. j) Staff training record.
k) Dossier of Jumpmaster.
Inspection and Maintenance
Procedures Risk Mitigation
2.4 The inspection should be done as per 2.7 The following measures will reduce the risk
the Safety Manual. Daily, weekly and yearly factor.
inspection should be carried out and recorded. a) Every Jump should be treated as a first Jump
The record of all inspections should be entered
b) A highly experienced person should be
in the safety log to be maintained at the site.
appointed as the jump master.
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GUIDELINES FOR BUNGEE JUMPING www.atoai.org
c) Jump master’s word should be final and displayed prominently. Fitness Certificate to be
binding. signed by the jumpers. No compromise to be
d) Continuous training of the staff. made in case of any medical problem. Medical
restrictions for bungy jumping include: 1. Heart
e) Regular testing of the staff.
problem 2. High blood pressure 3. Neurological
f) Regular practice of rescue drill. disorder 4. Spondylitis 5. Back issues 6. Recent
g) Inspection and updating of the equipment. fracture, surgery or hospitalisation 7. Epilepsy
h) Recording of the jumps. 8. Osteoporosis 9. Pregnancy.
i) All incidents to be reported, discussed and BASIC MINIMUM STANDARDS
recorded. FOR GRANT OF RECOGNITION TO
j) Updating of safety procedures. BUNGY OPERATORS:
k) Motivation and welfare of the staff. 2.11 Since there are no Indian standards, it
is recommended that operations are carried
Emergencies and Rescues out as per New Zealand standards (AS/NZS
2.8 The staff should be fully prepared to deal 5848:2000). This Standard specifies and gives
with the emergencies and carry out rescue as guidance on the site and site approval, the
per the SOP without looking for orders and in design, testing and approval of equipment, the
minimum time frame. The following will help in management of the operation, the operating
mitigating risk : procedures, the emergency provisions and
a) Awareness of risks procedures and registration of operating staff
b) Training in rescues of a bungy jumping operation. No Dilution in
these standards is acceptable.
c) First Aid/CPR & other medical training of
the staff It is highly recommended that any outfit,
entity, establishment or company seeking grant
d) An Emergency Action Plan should be in for recognition must fulfill these desirable
position and training for the same provided criteria:
periodically to the staff.
a) The entity must own specialized certified
e) Doctor on call equipment commensurate with needs of
f) Rescue evacuation to be worked out undertaking and running such an operation
g) Tie up with local hospital (listed above).
h) Procedure for reporting of incidents b) The entity must have qualified personnel
(minimum two full time qualified jump
i) Insurance of the jumpers and staff
masters) on their payroll (listed above).
j) Funds ear marked and available for medical These personnel must carry the requisite
cover. experience in the activity and have valid First
k) Regular briefing of the staff. Aid & CPR certification.
Safety Briefing c) The entity must operate with the required
permits / licenses.
2.9 Safety briefing to be given personally by the
jump master and audio visual briefing is also d) It is recommended that the entity is
recommended. Disclaimer form should be signed registered with the state tourism department
by the jumpers. Safety briefing should be repeated / recognized by the Ministry of Tourism,
before the activity. The safety measures should be Govt of India.
displayed at a number of places prominently. e) The entity must have a registered office.
f) The company must follow a strict 'leave
Medical concern
no trace' policy and conform to high
2.10 The Medical restrictions should be sustainability standards.
19
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Land based
GUIDELINES FOR
CYCLING TOURS
20
GUIDELINES FOR CYCLING TOURS www.atoai.org
Introduction Training
3.1 Bicycling tours in India have been managed 3.3 No specific training is required to be a
by privately owned companies and do not fall cycling tour operator in India. However, it
under the purview of any government or any is helpful if the organizers meet the basic
community-instituted central body. The Cycling qualifications listed above. It will go a long way
Federation of India organizes races and tours towards ensuring the safety and well-being of
for licensed elite athletes for prize money. Any your clients and your own confidence in your
tours where amateur athletes/ holidaymakers operation.
are entering into a commercial contract with a
touring experience provider do not require any Equipment required
permissions from any sport related bodies. 3.4 Tour operators usually give their clients
the option of bringing their own bicycles or
Adventure Guides/ Instructors: providing bicycles to them.
Basic minimum qualifications a) In the former case, the minimum
and experience materials needed would be spares (tyres,
3.2 While there are no technical criteria of tubes, tyre levers, patch kits, brake and gear
qualifications required, these are experiences cables and their housing, chains, chain links,
that will help a tour leader ensure a successful lubricants, floor pump with presta and
trip: shredder valves, multi tool or allen keys,
a) Experience of being in the saddle and small screw drivers, duct tape and zip ties.
riding the distance covered per day. This will b) In the latter case, in addition to
ensure that they are alert and not fighting the above, add bicycle specific spare
their own fatigue. In a staged tour that lasts components such as brake shoes, drivetrain
multiple days, the guests will experience components, spokes, spoke wrench, etc.
cumulative fatigue; the tour leader cannot c) Bikes should be delivered to the clients
be in the same position. They need to have fully built and ready to ride after individual
spent time cycling, so they do not experience saddle height adjustments.
saddle soreness and are able to help their
charges and ensure a good experience for Cycling Grades
them. 3.5 It is important to categorise the biking /
b) Knowledge of the terrain being road cycling itinerary with proper grades so that
traversed, potential hazards of that area, the clients can chose their trip as per their level
typical weather conditions, in addition to of fitness and preparedness:
knowledge of Hindi, English and or local Grade 1: Easy - For those new to cycling
language are required. or who don’t have a high level of fitness. Easy
c) The knowledge to assess which customer combination of flatter or gently undulating
needs what size of helmet and how to routes. For riders seeking a very relaxed holiday.
tighten or loosen the various straps to Beginners: 20-40 miles / 30-60 kms. per day.
ensure a snug fit on their heads. Grade 2: Gentle - On undulating or rolling
d) First-aid and CPR certification. terrain, occasional moderate / challenging
e) Basic knowledge of bike maintenance climbs. No high altitude ascents & the odd
while on tour and fixing issues such as short steep climbs. For semi-regular riders /
punctures, gears not working well and other relative novices wishing to gain experience &
such minor repairs. fitness. 40-50 miles / 60-80 kms per day.
f) Owning a government authorized identity Grade 3: Moderate - For riders with
card and keeping it with them for the experience, good fitness & a decent level of
duration of the tour. skill. Some features that may be experienced
21
more frequently in a higher-grade tour. Most Bicycles

days include a couple of significant climbs. a) Ensure the bicycles are given care after
Some long days & some steep to very steep every trip. This would include:
sections. Not for beginners. 45-60 miles / 70-95
kms per day. i) Cleaning the bicycle.
Grade 4: Challenging - For cyclists ii) Lubricating the chain.
with stamina & a good level of fitness. Long iii) Drivetrain service.
& challenging days with multiple tough or iv) Check chain health.
high altitude ascents, with steep sections over v) Check brake and gear cable tension.
extended distances. Long & often technically
demanding descents. Road riding for b) Get a complete strip down service done
experienced riders. 45-95 miles / 80-160 kms with a trusted bicycle shop, for each bicycle
per day. every 1000 kms. You should get from them,
a list of jobs carried out per cycle, parts
Grade 5: Demanding - Designed for replaced and have a sense of how long each
cyclists with good stamina and a high level of of the parts are likely to last.
fitness. Consecutively long, challenging days
with multiple serious or high altitude ascents. c) If the bicycles have been through a
Frequent steep or very steep stages occasionally tough rocky terrain or a muddy region,
over extended distances. Includes long and inspection for damage and/ or sending
often technically demanding descents. Serious them for inspection to a bicycle shop is
road riding for experienced riders only. 60-100 recommended.
miles / 95-160kms per day. Helmets
a) Cycling helmets by respectable brands,
Equipment care and
stocked for all sizes from extra small (XS) to
maintenance extra large (XL).
3.7 Maintaining the bicycles is critical to
b) It is mandatory to use helmets on all rides
ensure every group of customers has a good
and at all times.
experience. To do so, here are components of
the trip that need care:
22
Lights likely to be used to, from childhood, if these

a) Head lights: Head lights that are powerful are inexperienced cyclists.
enough to see the road at night/ in foggy or d) Explain the importance of a helmet to be
rainy conditions. Typically, headlights with worn at all times on the saddle, the right way
mounts, that can be removed easily when the to wear one snugly and the importance of
bikes are being left by themselves. wearing a helmet of the correct size.
b) Taillamps: Taillamps that are powerful e) Check for medication clients are on
enough to be visible and provide the option and ensure that they are carrying sufficient
of rapid blinking, so they are more visible to dosage for the duration of the tour.
oncoming motor vehicles. f) In case of self-guided trips the guides
c) Spare batteries for each of the lights. MUST give the travelers a briefing of do’s
and don’ts including how to engage with the
Material carrying equipment locals and where to stop / not stop.
& safety equipment g) Self-guided riders must check in with
a) Panniers and racks for luggage. the local operator on a daily basis to update
b) Bungee cords to tie additional material to them on their well being.
the bike rack.
3.10 Documentation
c) Cable locks to lock the rear tyre, possibly
a) Maintain a log book of all gear (cycles,
the front tyre, the frame of the bicycle to a
helmets, racks, panniers, backpacks, lights,
pole, a gate or a similar construction.
locks, etc.).
Inspection & Maintenance b) Copies of permits to enter a region, if
Procedures relevant.
3.8 Listed above. c) Copies of the tour operator’s credentials.
SOPs & Operating Instructions d) Copies of the identity and emergency
contact details of each client.
3.9 SOPs:
a) Inspect gears 1-2 days before travel.
b) Check weather conditions.
c) Reach out to all service providers en route
and get confirmations, if possible on email,
of the terms of agreement with them.
d) Check cash, cheque and card usage en
route and ensure there are sufficient funds.
Operating instructions:
Instructions for tour leaders to customers:
a) Give all customers a safety briefing at
the start of the tour, such as not riding
more than two abreast, right of way to
larger vehicles, hand signals and following
instructions of the tour leader.
b) Explain to them how the bicycle gears
function.
c) Get them used to riding on seat posts,
heights that are higher than what they are
23
e) Mandatory insurance copies of each f) In a group with people of varied abilities

client. the operating company must ensure that
f) List of doctors & hospitals as well as there is a leader and follower for every day.
ambulance providers along the route. 3.12 Emergencies & Rescues
g) List of reliable bicycling stores (which a) To deal with an evacuation required due
manage the cycle brands being used) along to natural disasters etc., assess emergency
the route. evacuation procedures for the various places
h) Emergency Action Plan. the tour will go to.
Risk Mitigation b) In an emergency situation, the touring
group takes and follows instructions from
3.11 Risk to humans
the tour leader. This information needs to
a) Recommend a comprehensive medical be communicated to the group at the start
checkup prior to a tour. Ask for a doctor’s of every tour.
certificate of fitness while signing up for
c) The Tour Leader must assess the situation
the trip, if the distance and terrain are
and administer first aid as appropriate and
challenging.
call for back-up as soon as possible.
b) Ensure customers have medical insurance
d) To deal with cases of medical
and that copies of the insurance are handed
emergencies, assess proximity to hospitals,
over to the guide before the start of the trip.
time taken to reach there and mode of
c) Ensure you have information like blood transport.
group, known allergies, known medical
e) If there is a medical emergency and the
conditions, emergency contact persons (at
tour leader is occupied with the emergency,
least two names and numbers).
the company must set a practice of how to
d) An indemnity form signed by each tour manage the rest of the group.
participant that states that they are taking
sole responsibility for their own well-being Safety briefing
during the trip and this legally keeps the tour 3.13 Leaders are required to give a brief
leader and touring company safe. demonstration of the bike (brakes, gears, any
e) In case of self-guided trips a detailed possible adjustments). It is recommended this
briefing covering the cultural situation in happens before clients are given their individual
India, safety of women etc. should be given bikes to ensure that they all focus on the
prior to commencement of the trip. explanation. The briefing to the clients must
include:
Equipment risk:
a) Keeping identification with them always.
Tour operators must ensure that:
a) A comprehensive first-aid kit is carried
on the trip. Do ensure that all medicines are
within expiry period.
b) All bicycles are in good condition to
ride – this should be confirmed by a service
professional.
c) Lights (head lights and taillamps) on all
bicycles.
d) Helmets for all riders.
e) Support vehicle is close-by at all times.
24
b) Taking ownership for assessing if they v) Planned stops: notable rest stops,
feel unwell or not up to the trip at any point lunch, and any visits.
and alert the tour leader. vi) Where the ride will finish and the
c) Riding safely, riding as per traffic rules. accommodation they will be using
d) Keeping their helmet on at all times, that night.
while on the saddle. Next section’ route
e) Using lights when conditions require it. descriptions
f) Cleaning bicycles and keeping them ready At rest stops and re-grouping points
for the next day of travel. during the ride leaders are expected to
give short ‘next section’ briefing to let
g) Following instructions of the tour leader
clients know what is coming up:
at all times, especially emergencies briefings
during the trip: i) The distance and approximate
duration of the next section.
Evening briefings: On the evening
prior to each ride the leader must explain ii) Any known hazards (road surface,
the next day’s riding to the whole group. heavy traffic, steep descents, difficult
Points covered will include: route finding etc) and how to avoid
them.
i) Using a map to show the overview
of the route for the day. iii) Any directions and junctions the
group should look out for.
ii) Any included transfers needed as
part of the travel on that day. iv) Points of interest to look out for
iiii) Expected distance of the days v) The next planned stopping or re-
ride. grouping point.
iv) Expected terrain (road surface, Medical concerns
ascent and descent). 3.14 Covered above.
25
3.15 “Basic Minimum national parks only designated trails are

Standards” for grant of permitted.
recognition to operators ii) Take necessary permission for
a) Tour operator organization to have: restricted trails. Reserve forests may issue
entry ticket with fees.
i) Minimum two personnel qualified for
the job (specified above). iii) Respect land rules for open trails.
ii) First aid /CPR certified personnel. b) Leave no trace:
iii) Well maintained bicycles, (if being i) Wet and muddy trails are more
offered),basic safety equipment and tools. vulnerable to damage than dry ones.
iv) Knowledge of the region – history, ii) When trail is soft, consider other
geography and culture; permits needed riding options. Do not create new trails
for the region, inherent risks (natural, or cut switchbacks.
political, social, etc.). iii) Do not ride around standing water, it
v) Registered office. widens the trail.
vi) Recognition by local / state tourism iv) Pack out as much as you pack in. Also
department. consider picking up any litter on the trail.
b) Tour leaders with experience of: c) Control your bicycle:
i) Riding bicycles on the road for i) Lack of attention even for a moment
multiple days and riding the distance can lead to serious problems for the rider
covered by the tour. and others.
ii) Good communication skills. d) Follow suggested speed limit.
iii) Ability to converse with government e) Trail etiquette:
authorities and get relevant permissions. i) Make all efforts to alert other trail
iv) Ability to plan and schedule all events users. A friendly greeting or ringing the
in advance. bell will do.
v) Ability to deal with and iron out issues ii) All downhill users must yield to uphill
on the trip. users.
vi) Administering first aid and helping iii) All mountain bikers must yield to
clients with medical insurance should the trekkers and animals on trails.
situation arise. iv) Always anticipate other trail users
c) The company must follow a strict 'leave around corners.
no trace' policy and conform to high f) It is important to watch out for animals
sustainability standards. on the trail.
g) Plan ahead for unusual conditions:
Section for Mountain Biking
3.16 Guidelines for mountain biking tours are i) Know your equipment, ability, terrain,
similar to biking. There are some additional riding conditions, weather and available
MTB specific guidelines a tour operator must resources on route.
ensure: ii) Always stay in touch with your group.
Trail rules for iii) Carry clothes for change in weather
conditions.
mountain biking
iv) Strive to be self-sufficient.
a) Ride open trails only:
v) Follow all safety rules.
i) Do not use prohibited trails. In
26
BASIC MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR SAFARIS (CAMEL, ELEPHANT, HORSE AND JEEP) www.atoai.org

Land based
GUIDELINES FOR
CAMEL SAFARIS
27
GUIDELINES FOR CAMEL SAFARI www.atoai.org
Introduction: 4.4 Suggested Minimum

4.1 Camel safaris in the Rajasthan desert are an Qualification and Experience
experience of a lifetime. To ensure that clients for Camel Guides:
have a wonderful experience in the desert, the a) First Aid certification.
camel handler must be experienced and familiar
b) Should have comprehensive knowledge
with his animal. The male camels (like elephants)
of desert ecosystems.
tend to go ‘musth’ in the winter months. That
is when they are unpredictable and dangerous. c) Minimum five years experience of
The handler must be confident of the animal’s working with animals.
reliability and temperament. 4.5 Equipment required
4.2 Camel Guides: Basic while on camel safari
minimum qualifications and a) Good Binoculars/ Spotting Scope.
experience b) Optional - Good camera.
a) The animal should be healthy and of c) Books and Field Guides for Desert
a good size. The camel should not be too Birds/Mammals/Snakes/Insects etc are a
young since a young camel is often not must.
strong enough to carry the weight of a rider.
Equipment care
b) All camels in Rajasthan are Dromedaries
(with a single hump) and the saddle used on and maintenance :
safaris seats two people. Two persons should 4.6 Camels must be treated well and looked
get on the same camel only if their combined after.
weight is below 65 kgs.
4.7 Inspection & Maintenance
c) The tack used on the camel must be of Procedures
good quality and comfortable for both camel
and rider. a) Health of the camels must be monitored
on a continuous basis.
d) Stirrups must be provided with the saddle
for the riders. b) There is a need for regular refresher
courses and certification for guides.
e) The girth must be secured properly,
otherwise the saddle might slip and it is a c) Medical kit to be checked for expiry dates
long way down for the rider. of medicines.
4.3 Training Programmes for Camel Guides d) Binoculars have moving parts and are
should include: very sensitive equipment. They need regular
checks for fungus and parallax.
a) Good desert knowledge and field training
in desert ecosystems. 4.8 SOPs & Operating
b) Provide vernacular medium literature for Instructions
local guides. a) Weather/ climate briefing: Before setting
c) Training in soft skills like communication, off on a Camel Safari, the guide must brief
hospitality & hygiene. the client on expected weather conditions
d) Importance of being well turned out. during the trip, trip duration and safety
factors.
e) First Aid training to handle medical
emergencies and also scaled viper bites and b) As dehydration is a distinct possibility
scorpion stings. on a camel safari, sufficient fluids and light
refreshments for any unexpected delays
f) For multiday camel trips it is recommended should be carried.
to limit distance per day to under 20kms on
camel back.
28
c) The guides should be well trained and b) Guides must know basic first aid to
serve as good ambassadors of the country. handle heat stroke and other weather-related
d) The guides should brief guests about issues.
local traditions and customs c) Emergencies could most often be due
to medical condition of the client or due to
4.9 Documentation snake bite/sting.
a) The guests must sign the disclaimer d) A comprehensive Emergency Action
before they get on the camel. Plan should be in position. All field staff
4.10 Risk Mitigation must be trained and familiar with the
Emergency Action Plan.
a) The Camel handler must not be allowed
to ride on the same camel as the guests. 4.12 Safety briefing
b) The guests must be briefed properly Briefings for a good camel safari experience
about how they should transfer their weight should include the following:
when the camel stands up and sits down. (in a) Appropriate dressing for the season.
order for the rider to mount and dismount).
b) Any medicines that might need to be
c) Problems associated with stings and bites carried and rehydration fluids.
are a possibility. Do brief the clients to
be sufficiently prepared and appropriately c) There are very few field toilets in India.
dressed. Use of the bush needs utmost care.
d) Camel Safari can bring in clients who d) Ensuring zero garbage and a strict ‘leave
are unfit/ or allergic to certain weather no trace’ policy in wilderness areas. There is
conditions. Brief medical condition of a need to take back all garbage to the base
the client should be known. Specific camp.
instructions to carry the necessary medicines 4.13 Medical concerns
– owing to the paucity of good medical
a) Elderly clients and clients with need of
help in close proximity to wilderness areas,
regular medicines should be warned of
should be conveyed to the field staff prior
poor medical facilities in the proximity of
to the trip.
wilderness areas.
4.11 Emergencies & Rescues b) First aid kits with material like sanitary
a) All resorts, trail leaders and guides must napkins should be carried on the trip.
be aware of the nearest medical facility and
the evacuation means.
29
“Basic Minimum Standards” d) CSR Activity: Operators should be

for grant of recognition to supportive of the local needs of education,
operators medical and sporting activities.
It is highly recommended that any outfit, entity,
4.14 The Adventure Tourism industry is now
establishment or company seeking grant for
moving towards Environmentally Responsible
recognition as a camel safari operator must
Operators and expects certain basic standards
fulfill these desirable criteria:
to be maintained like:
a) Camel safari operators must own / have
a) Responsible Tourism with sensitivity
access to good quality riding equipment like
to the local people and their culture must
saddles and tack.
be an integral part of the trip. A Waste
Management Plan should be in place. b) The entity must have qualified personnel
(minimum two full time qualified staff) on
b) Interpretation: This is one of the most
their payroll. The entity must operate with
important activities to educate and involve
the required permits.
clients. Camel safari operators must invest in
training good guides. i) It is recommended that the entity
is registered with the state tourism
c) Supporting local population and
department / recognized by the Ministry
economy: Operators must be able to employ
of Tourism, Govt of India.
and capacity build local population to
benefit from tourism. As far as possible the ii) The entity must have a registered
handicraft purchasing policy must reflect office.
‘Buy Local’ policy. It supports the local iii) The camel safari company must
economy and operators can provide their follow a strict ' leave no trace' policy and
clients with a realistic local experience. conform to high sustainability standards.
30
www.atoai.org

Land
based
GUIDELINES FOR
HORSE SAFARIS
31
GUIDELINES FOR Horse Safari www.atoai.org
INTRODUCTION c) Guides should be well trained and serve

5.1 Horse safaris are the best way to explore as good ambassadors of the country.
rugged or hilly terrain, deserts or other places d) Guides should brief guests about local
which are off the beaten track in India. traditions and customs.
This is a high risk activity and the highest e) Guides must have on them the following
safety standards must be maintained. It is equipment:
difficult to gauge the riding ability of a horse- i) Binoculars/ Spotting Scope.
rider without seeing him/her ride, and therefore ii) Books and Field Guides for Birds/
the allocation of an appropriate horse is always Mammals/ Snakes/ Butterflies/ Insects/
a challenge. The first time you usually allocate Amphibians.
a horse to a rider is by the rider's’ perception
of their riding ability. A word of caution iii) First aid kit.
here, most riders tend to overestimate their iv) Torch, GPS, maps.
riding abilities. Most riders do not realize that a SOPs & Operating Instructions
well-schooled, advanced, powerful horse could
5.4 For horses and equipment care
severely injure a rider who is not well-matched.
Therefore it is imperative to match the right a) The horses should be preferably owned
horse to a rider to avoid accidents. by the service provider. This will ensure
the quality of the horses, the basic well-
Suggested Minimum being of the animal and that the horse is
requirements: healthy enough to do the safari (not lame or
5.2 Equipment: malnourished).
a) The equipment used on the horses should b) Quality check of riding equipment before
be of specified standard quality. Eg. Saddle every season is a must.
and tack. c) Guides should check medical kits for
b) All people conducting horse safaris expiry dates of medicines.
should be able to provide proper safety 5.5 For safaris
helmets, clothing and riding equipment.
a) Weather briefing: Before setting off on a
c) The tack and saddle must be of high horse ride, the guide must brief the riders on
quality. Good quality saddles are not only for expected temperatures/ rain during the trip.
the comfort of the rider but it is also for the
b) Dehydration is a worry and a vehicle
comfort of the horse. A good fitting saddle
with water and light refreshments for any
will minimise saddle sores for the animal.
unexpected delays should accompany the
d) The bridle and bits used must not be riders and meet them at different pre-
severe. A severe bit can seriously injure a scheduled spots along the trail.
horse if not used correctly. A simple snaffle
c) Garbage disposal is a big issue while
or French link bit is ideal and recommended.
visiting remote areas. Empty chips, wrappers
In short, the tack must not cause pain or
are salt laced and there a chance of wild
injury to the horse or rider in any way.
animals swallowing them and choking and
5.3 Guides: dying.
a) Horse riding guides should be d) The distance covered in a day’s ride
accomplished riders and have a good should not exceed 35 to 40 kms and that too
knowledge of the terrain. if the riders are experienced.
b) Guides should have valid FA certification e) An experienced rider should weigh less
and regular refresher courses to recertify than 90 kgs and an inexperienced rider
them should be conducted. should weigh less than 85 kgs.
32
f) The horses and their well being must c) The riders must not be allowed to
come first. Utmost care should be taken in gallop off on their own even if they are
case of soreness or injury to the horse. An experienced riders as they are riding in
injured horse must be replaced. unfamiliar terrain.
5.6 Documentation d) The activity providers should have prior
knowledge of allergies/ other medical
a) A disclaimer must be signed by all riders ailments vis a vis riders and be prepared to
before they are allowed to get on the horse. handle medical issues.
b) Complete information of all riders e) The guides must know basic first aid and
including emergency contact details should should carry a comprehensive First Aid kit.
be present with the operator.
f) As emergencies like snake bites and
c) An Emergency Action Plan should be in bee stings need immediate assistance,
position. evacuation/ access to the nearest Primary
d) Contact numbers of local hospitals, Health Centre/ Civil Hospital should be
ambulance and police stations. planned for.
5.7 Risks 5.9 Emergencies & Rescues
a) Falls from a horse are a possibility. a) All guides and horse safari operators must
b) Horse going violent in certain situations be aware of the nearest medical facility and
cannot be ruled out. evacuation procedures.
c) Medical facilities are poor in wilderness b) An Emergency Action Plan must be in
areas. position.
Risk Mitigation 5.10 Safety briefing to riders

5.8 Horse riding comes with a number of risks should include the following
including dehydration, exhaustion and injuries. points:
Stings and bites (also from horse flies) are also a) Riders must have the necessary gear on
a possibility. them before they mount the horse.
To mitigate these risks:- b) A well fitted riding helmet is a must.
a) Briefing riders to dress appropriately is c) Boots with heals are recommended to
the first step. stop the foot from sliding too deep into
b) The person conducting the safari must be the stirrup. Half Chaps are ideal. They are
an accomplished rider and should be able to easy to pack and serve the purpose of a full
gauge the ability of clients and set the pace length riding boot.
accordingly. d) Appropriate clothes for the season.
33
e) The riders must carry a day pack with healthy enough to do the safari (not lame or
rehydration fluids, personal medicines, sun malnourished).
block, sun screen etc. b) Horse safari operators must own high
f) There are very few field toilets in India. quality riding equipment like saddles, tack
One has to be extremely careful when using and helmets.
the bush. c) The entity must have qualified personnel
g) Must ensure zero garbage policy in (minimum two full time qualified staff)
wilderness areas. They should be asked to on their payroll (specified above). These
take back all garbage back to resort/ base personnel must carry the requisite
camp. experience in horse riding and have valid
First Aid & CPR certification.
“Basic Minimum Standards”
i) The entity must operate with the
for grant of recognition to
required permits.
operators :
ii) It is recommended that the entity
5.11 It is highly recommended that any outfit, is registered with the state tourism
entity, establishment or company seeking grant department / recognized by the Ministry
for recognition as a horse safari operator must of Tourism, Govt of India.
fulfill these desirable criteria:
iii) The entity must have a registered
a) The horse safari operator should office.
preferably own the horses or the operator
should have the ability to hire horses iv) The horse safari company must
appropriate for the safari. This will ensure follow a strict 'leave no trace' policy and
the quality of the horses, the basic well- conform to high sustainability standards.
being of the animal and that the horse is
34
www.atoai.org

Land based
GUIDELINES FOR
Jeep Safari &
4x4 Driving Safaris
35
GUIDELINES FOR Jeep Safari & 4x4 Driving Safaris www.atoai.org
Introduction be absolutely neat and clean. The windows

6.1 Jeep Safaris provide opportunities to must be spotlessly clean.
explore the incredible wilderness and majestic 6.3 Safari Drivers: Basic
landscapes and opportunities to discover the minimum qualifications and
unique customs, lifestyles and cultures of experience
people in faraway lands. It then becomes the
a) Drivers must have a valid driving license.
solemn duty of all those conducting safaris, to
preserve and protect all that they showcase. b) They must be experienced. In case of
“off-roading”, they must have the expertise
Jeep Safari Vehicles: to navigate their vehicle through difficult
Basic requirements terrain.
6.2 The most important feature in this activity c) The driver should ensure that all permits
is the vehicle:- are acquired before the trip and guests are
a) Road worthy condition of the vehicle to not kept waiting during the journey for want
be checked before each trip, norms to be of any documentation.
fixed to ensure the physical fitness of drivers d) Need to conduct regular Training
whenever neccessary. Programmes for Drivers. A comprehensive
b) The tyres should have correct air syllabus for drivers to be developed which
pressure. should include the following points:-
c) Any modifications done to the seating i) Training should focus on honing basic
etc must be of the highest quality ensuring vehicle maintenance, driving & off-road
complete safety standards. There should be driving skills
no sharp edges in the welding work. There ii) Drivers should wear seat belts and
should be enough leg and head room for the ensure that the occupants also use
comfort of the passengers. seatbelts at all times.
d) The seats should all be forward facing iii) No drinking / use of illicit drugs and
and seat belts are a must. driving.
e) There must be a well equipped First Aid iv) Mobile telephones should be kept on
Kit and a fire extinguisher in every vehicle. silent mode while driving.
f) It must look good from outside as well v) Good understanding of local customs
as inside. The vehicle interior (upholstery, and traditions is a must to prevent any
carpet, overhead luggage racks etc.) should conflicts.
36
vi) Soft skills like hospitality and hygiene b) Fire fighting equipment and medical kit
should be looked into. The drivers must to be checked for expiry dates.
be polite and well-turned out. 6.7 SOPs & Operating
vii) First aid training to handle common Instructions
medical emergencies and also bites and
a) Drivers should be permanently employees
stings.
of the safari service provider.
e) No refueling to be done with guests on
b) The drivers should know their vehicles
board.
well.
6.4 Equipment required c) Vehicles should be properly inspected
in vehicle before every safari and a major inspection
a) First aid kit. every 3 months.
b) Fire Fighting equipment. d) Garbage is one of the most dangerous
problems created by tourism. Drivers should
6.5 Equipment care and carry all garbage back.
maintenance
e) Drivers shall not operate a vehicle while
a) Regular vehicle maintenance is a must for under the influence of alcohol, drugs,
safaris. narcotics or medication that could impair
b) Additionally kit must have belts, fuses, their ability to safely operate the vehicle.
spare tyres and tools. f) Drivers must not operate vehicles unless
6.6 Inspection & Maintenance adequately rested and alert.
Procedures g) Drivers must remove the ignition key, put
parking brakes on and lock the doors when
a) There is a need for regular refresher
leaving the vehicle.
courses for Jeep Safari Drivers.
37
6.8 Documentation
a) In case of a self drive safari, the guest
must possess a valid driving license. The
vehicle being driven must be insured
along with third party insurance. Proper
instructions must be given and briefings
must be conducted before the drive, by the
instructors.
b) An indemnity form must be signed by
guests before they undertake the safari.
6.9 Risk Mitigation areas. There is a need to take back all
a) The code of conduct for drivers should garbage back in the vehicle.
be reinforced before every safari. d) Elderly clients and clients with need of
b) Regular maintenance of vehicles will regular medicines should be warned of
assuredly mitigate the risk of breakdowns. poor medical facilities in the proximity of
6.10 Emergencies & Rescues wilderness areas.
a) All drivers and trail leaders must know “Basic Minimum Standards”
basic first aid. for grant of recognition to
b) They should be aware of emergency operators :
evacuation procedures in case of an 6.12 Basic Minimum Standards for grant
accident. of recognition to operators It is highly
c) They must be aware of the nearest recommended that any outfit, entity,
medical facility along the route. establishment or company seeking grant for
recognition as a jeep safari operator must fulfill
d) Emergencies could most often be these desirable criteria:
due to bites/ sting, sun stroke and other
weather related situations. Emergencies like a) The entity must either own vehicles
snake bites and bee stings need immediate or be able to hire good quality vehicles
assistance. Evacuation/ access to the nearest commensurate with needs of undertaking
Primary Health Centre/ Civil Hospital and running such an operation.
should be planned for. b) The entity must have qualified personnel
e) Winches, tow ropes, sand shovels and (minimum two full time qualified staff)
other rescue tools must carried on the trip. on their pay roll. These personnel must
carry the requisite experience in the activity
f) Walky talky sets must be carried on the and have valid basic First Aid & CPR
trip and convoy safety must be a part of the certification.
safety briefing prior to the trip.
c) The entity must operate with the required
Safety briefing permits/licenses.
6.11 Trip leader briefing to guests before a d) It is recommended that the entity
Jeep Safari should include the following: is registered with the state tourism
a) Guests should inform trip leader about department/recognized by the Ministry of
any medical concerns and if any specific Tourism, Govt of India.
medicines need to be carried for that. e) The entity must have a registered office.
b) There are very few field toilets in India. f) The jeep safari company must follow a
Use of bush needs utmost care. strict 'leave no trace' policy and conform to
c) Ensuring zero garbage in wilderness high sustainability standards.
38
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Land based
GUIDELINES FOR
MOTORCYCLE TOUR
OPERATORS
39
GUIDELINES FOR MOTORCYCLE TOUR OPERATORS www.atoai.org
INTRODUCTION of riding in all types of terrains in India -

7.1 Motorcycle touring is a lot of fun and is Himalayas, Coastal, Deserts, National parks
filled with a sense of freedom, as against a etc.
car, but can also be a fairly high risk activity. b) Should preferably have completed a basic
Therefore, needs to follow a set of rules and motorcycle safety course from a recognised
practices to keep all involved safe especially Institute.
in a commercially organized group riding c) Should have basic knowledge of the
scenario where all participants are a disjointed working and running repair of a motorcycle,
group. Adventure activities by their very nature that is being used in the expedition.
involve some risks, these regulations are being d) Should have valid first aid and CPR
introduced to ensure that tour operators who certification.
offer motorcycle adventure tours, have basic
safety and operating standards in place. e) Have adequate computer skills and ability
to handle/operate a GPS.
7.2 These regulations will give both foreign and
domestic tourists confidence that appropriate f) Have basic map reading skills and ability to
steps have been taken to keep them safe and use a compass.
mitigate the risks involved. g) Have customer handling and motorcycle
group management skills.
APPLICABILITY
h) Possess adequate know how of traffic rules
7.3 These regulations will apply to operations and general rules and regulations of area of
and services of travel agencies and tour operation.
operators, who organize or sell, motorcycle
i) If the customer group does not speak Hindi
tourism related services to public for business
or English, the operator must have a Guide
purposes.
who speaks the language of customer rider.
OBJECTIVE j) For an expedition that is more than 4 days
7.4 To increase safety consciousness among or operates in remote areas or had a group
tour operators as well as enabling tour operators size more than 7 riders, a back up logistic
to determine safety standards which apply to truck may be provided. This could carry
motorcycle tour operations and expeditions. additional baggage, mechanical spares, reserve
fuels etc.
ADVENTURE GUIDE/INSTRUCTOR –
BASIC MINIMUM QUALIFICATIONS EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
AND EXPERIENCE 7.7 Based on the type of expedition and its
7.5 Who is an Operator ? Any person whether duration, there is a comprehensive list of
employer, a principal, or self employed person equipment that may be carried on a guided tour.
who provides an adventure activity to a person Some basic essentials are listed below which, the
directly or indirectly for a payment, the purpose operator must have and a recommended list for
of which can be educational/recreational/ the client. The instructions to this effect must be
business and deliberately exposes the conveyed to the customer, well in advance so that
participant to a risk of a possible serious harm. they come suitably prepared.
7.6 Basic Qualifications/Requirements. A tour a) A suitable motorcycle according to the
guide/instructor should possess these basic route planned. They could bring their own or
minimum qualifications/experience. may be rent it from the provider.
a) Drivers Licence. Operator should have b) Suitable apparel according to the weather
held a full motorcycle licence for a minimum and safety gear to include certified safety
of 5 years, and have adequate experience helmet, high ankle boots, gloves, riding jacket,
rain gear etc.
40
c) Communication equipment radio/ b) All fluids engine, coolant, clutch and

mobile/satellite phones (if applicable). brakes.
d) Marked Maps, GPS with pre-fed maps c) Tyres, chain/belt and sprocket,
and route-distance C harts. suspension.
e) Handy tools and spares to carry out basic d) All major systems e.g. electrical, fuel,
wilderness repairs including puncture repair ignition and engine etc.
kit. 7.11 Additionally, a system of daily checks
f) First aid kit and if operating in a high should be in place to ensure optimum
altitude area an oxygen cylinder and availability of a safe motorcycle during the day
emergency contact numbers in case is of ride.
assistance required for causality evacuation.
SOP’S AND OPERATING
g) Recording and photographic media with
INSTRUCTIONS AND
adequate batteries and power banks.
DOCUMENTATION
EQUIPMENT CARE, MAINTENANCE 7.12 All operators must have in place a system
AND INSPECTION of standard actions to be taken for various
7.8 Operators must ensure that the vehicles contingencies to ensure a satisfactory and
used to provide a service are maintained to consistent response to a situation and help
a standard that complies with or exceeds provide a safer expedition environment. It is
the servicing program specified by the not possible to have a SOP for all possible
manufacturer. Road worthy condition of the contingencies, but at a basic level should cover
vehicle to be certified for each trip, norms to be following situations:
fixed to ensure the Physical fitness of drivers a) Pre ride checks and briefings to include
whenever neccessary. local traffic rules.
7.9 A complete comprehensive review by a b) Actions to be taken in case of motorcycle
specialist should be done before every ride to failure/accident.
ascertain top condition of engine, body, brakes, c) Medical emergency response, minor/
lights and tyres before letting a vehicle on major injury and evacuation.
rental/tour.
d) Lost party member tracking and retrieval.
7.10 The inspections should include the
following: e) Group riding rules including night riding.
a) All controls, cables, lights and battery. f) Motorcycle and safety gear inspection.
41
7.13 Documentation
a) All necessary government registrations,
clearances and permits for tour operations.
b) Driving licences, motorcycle documents.
c) All insurances (both for equipment and
personnel).
d) Carnets and overland permits.
(as applicable)
e) International driving licences.
RISK MITIGATION
7.14 Risk management and mitigation in aspects of risks and action to be taken both by
its broadest term is to understand the risk conducting staff and the participants should be
involved in a particular activity and to take covered in details, some aspects are highlighted
appropriate steps to reduce or nullify the same. below.
For example hot weather riding, following can a) Local traffic rules, speed limits and
be done to mitigate the risk involved – cover documents to be carried on person.
up, hydrate, avoid caffeine, replace electrolytes,
b) Wearing of protective gear.
start early stop early and cool down. Similarly
rainy weather, cold weather, Himalayan trail etc. c) Motorcycle controls, operation and pre-
requires specialist handling of riding group. ride checks.
7.15 There are two types of risks - subjective d) Rider responsibilities and risk awareness.
and objective. Subjective are inherent to e) Group riding procedure to include lane
the riders attitude. Objective are created by position, following other vehicle, head lights,
environmental, motorcycle, road and rider signals and parking.
health conditions, these are the ones that tour f) Handling dangerous surfaces and any
operators need to focus on. Additionally, a special riding conditions.
written risk assessment should be carried
out for each excursion/ tour. Involving g) Night riding and fatigue.
identification and analysis of all contingencies h) Indemnity bond by participant.
and dangers involved, actions should be taken i) Avoiding alcohol prior to/during the ride.
to mitigate these and participants should be
j) Staying hydrated and rest stops.
informed of these special circumstances.
MEDICAL CONCERNS
EMERGENCIES AND RESCUE
7.18 These are of two types : personal and
7.16 Emergency on a motorcycle tour can be accident related during the ride. For personal
majorly of two natures - equipment failure/ medical conditions the client should be advised
accident or medical nature e.g. a minor fall to carry sufficient medication and inform about
may just require first aid or a serious injury the same to the ride leader. For accident related
may require evacuation. Therefore, depending the ride leader should have a plan in addition to
on severity of both detailed action plan / a well stocked First Aid Kit.
SOP should be available with the ride leader,
including things like contact numbers of 7.19 Infections. An antibacterial disinfectant
emergency services, to implement. soap / sanitiser should be recommended to
keep infections at bay.
SAFETY BRIEFING 7.20 Inoculations. When travelling in rural
7.17 A pre ride safety briefing covering all areas have vaccinations against cholera and
42
tetanus. Consult your local clinic for up to date qualified/knowledgeable about leading
information. motorcycling trips safely, group dynamics,
7.21 Acute Mountain Sickness. This applies traffic rules, communication skills and field
to tours in Ladakh and high altitude rides. Acute repairs/punctures etc. They must possess
Mountain Sickness (AMS) is an illness that can valid First Aid/CPR certification.
affect travelers at high altitude (typically above c) The operator must have SOP’s for
10,000 feet or 3,050 meters). Tour leaders must different itineraries/motorcycling trips
have full knowledge of handling customers offered and Emergency Action Plans for all
in such an environment - precautions and trips.
emergency procedures. d) A detailed risk assessment must be
7.22 “BASIC MINIMUM STANDARDS carried out by the trip leaders with the back
up team prior to conducting any trips.
FOR GRANT OF RECOGNITION TO
OPERATORS: e) A list of hospitals, police stations and
workshops along the route should be carried
a) The agency must own or have the ability by the trip leaders.
to hire suitable, registered motorcycles
and all accessories as specified above. The f) A detailed SOP for inspecting
motorcycles must be well maintained, motorcycles, documentation and safety
serviced and in perfect working order with gear prior to conducting trips must be in
perfect documentation/insurance. position.
b) The agency must have at least two full g) The company must follow a strict 'leave
time trained motorcycle trip leaders duly no trace' policy and conform to high
sustainability standards.
43
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Land based
GUIDELINES FOR
MOUNTAINEERING
44
GUIDELINES FOR MOUNTAINEERING www.atoai.org
INTRODUCTION 8.4 Equipment, specially safety equipment

8.1 India has 73 percent of the Himalayan should be of the highest standard available and
range with a huge potential for mountaineering preferably certified by ISI or an international
expeditions. Mountaineering is an activity for body like CE or UIAA.
which Indian Mountaineering Foundation (IMF) 8.5 Rope – There are many different types
is responsible to the Government of India of ropes. The operator and leader must have
through the Foreigner’s act and other statutes. sound knowledge of specifically designed
All tour operators must keep abreast of the climbing rope, including the different types and
guidelines given by IMF from time to time. These applications. Climbing rope comes in different
guidelines apply for both guided commercial diameters and specifications but the basics are
expeditions and overseas expeditions booked by dynamic, semi static and static. A safe working
recognised adventure tour operators. load of 25KN (2.5 tons) and CE approval is the
internationally recognized standard for climbing
GUIDES/INSTRUCTORS ropes.
8.2 Lead guides and instructors who are leading 8.6 Hardware (anchors, carabineers, belay
mountaineering activities should, as a minimum, devices etc.) – There is a wide range of
hold valid certificates in the following: climbing aids and devices and the operator
a) A minimum 16 hour (2 day) First Aid/ and instructor must have sound knowledge
CPR course provided by a recognized and of their applications including which devices
qualified provider. are necessary to conduct mountaineering
b) Completed the Advanced Mountaineering activities safely. These devices are also a “link”
Course from any of the National in the safety chain. As per all other climbing
Mountaineering Institutes and carry a equipment items a safe working load of 25KN
certificate duly authenticated by an IMF (2.5 tons) and CE approval is the internationally
recognized body OR IMF accredited recognized standard for climbing hardware and
tour operator stating that the individual devices.
“has experience of 3 years in assisting 8.7 All equipment is subject to wear and
mountaineering expeditions at altitudes of tear and must be checked before every use.
6000m min 5/8 climbs above 6000m clearly Incorrect storage, use and monitoring of rated
reflected in a logbook duly authenticated/ and approved equipment is usually the cause of
validated by the operator and the clients”. equipment failure. Operators and leaders must
c) Maintain a logbook containing have sound knowledge of this and have systems
authenticated records of mountaineering in place in order to control and manage their
experience. equipment.
d) All guides to have a comprehensive INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
understanding of altitude sickness, recognising PROCEDURES
its symptoms, treatment, knowledge of
8.8 Inspections and maintenance require sound
appropriate medication is essential to work at
knowledge of the systems and equipment
high altitude.
themselves and therefore must be carried out by
e) They should also have a sound knowledge qualified persons. As a minimum, the inspector
of cold weather problems like hypothermia/ must be qualified to be a guide/instructor. Basic
frost-bite. inspections must be carried out before every
EQUIPMENT use with complete and detailed inspections
carried out on a regular basis in accordance
8.3 The correct use and proper maintenance of with their operations procedures and risk
climbing equipment is essential for conducting assessments.
mountaineering activities and should never be
taken lightly.
45
SOP’S AND OPERATING

INSTRUCTIONS
8.9 All Mountaineering Tour Operators must
maintain and update a Standard Operating
Procedure for their operations and get the same
vetted from IMF from time to time.
8.10 Besides covering the methodologies
that are adopted by the agency in organizing
the expedition, such as assessing of members
qualification, medical condition and experience,
procedures for obtaining of various permissions,
travel to the mountain, maintenance of
base camp including hygiene, avoidance of DOCUMENTATION
high altitude sickness, safety precautions, 8.11 The tour operator must maintain, at the
communication, weather reports, procedure for minimum the following documentation:
emergencies, casualty evacuation, incident and
accident reporting and feedback mechanism, the a) Details of all Guides and Instructors
following must be included in the SOPS: including, copies of certifications, record of
expedition experience and feedback from
a) The guiding staff and porters on the clients.
mountain and the material supplied must be
adequate for the aims of the party and stated b) Copies of all Permits and Permissions of
level of service offered. current expeditions.
b) An experienced doctor in the party c) Copies of identification documents,
is desirable but at the very least advance Insurance cover and details of next of kin
arrangements must be known for medical for all participants, guides and instructors.
help. Advance arrangements must also be d) Copy of SOP's.
made for evacuation assistance in case of an e) Current list of emergency contact
emergency. numbers.
c) Advertising must give a true picture of f) Emergency Action Plan
all the difficulties and dangers involved
and avoid promising the impossible. If an 8.12 RISK MITIGATION
expedition is commercially launched by an In order to mitigate the risk of high altitude,
operator, then the biographical information the following is advised:
about the guiding team should be included. a) Participants should be physically and
d) The client must truthfully reveal his medically fit.
experience, supported by documentation/ b) To ensure that at least one or two
photograph, medical history etc to the members of the expedition have experience
organizer so that the organizer can make an of high altitude climbing.
informed choice about the potential client.
c) To provide wireless sets or take on hire
e) Information supplied in advance will from IMF, for communication between
include a clear statement of the guiding, camps on the mountain and the base camp.
porters and equipment which will be supplied
d) To bring radio receiving sets in case
by the organizer, together with details of the
weather forecasts by All India Radio are
clothing and equipment to be supplied by the
required to be arranged by the IMF.
client. This is not in context of the operators
assisting expeditions with logistics alone. e) To ensure that environmental safeguards
are implemented in their programme so that
46
the area and peak visited by them suffers

no damage, and is left clean for subsequent
expeditions.
f) Environment guidelines provided by IMF
shall be followed strictly.
8.13 EMERGENCIES AND RESCUES
In addition;
a) Adequate first aid medical equipment
must be available. Pulse Oximeters to be
part of the FA kit.
b) Evacuation routes must identified b) The protocol to be followed during the
and known to participants, guides and climb. Details on SOP’s to be followed.
instructors of the team.
c) Role of the expedition lead guide and
c) A detailed and documented Emergency assistant guide.
Action Plan must be available at the base
d) Procedures to be followed in an
camp along with closest available emergency
emergency.
services which can be called upon as
required. 8.15 BASIC MINIMUM STANDARDS
d) Oxygen and OR Gamow Bag(PAC/ FOR GRANT OF RECOGNITION TO
Certec etc) to be at base camp for OPERATORS
emergencies. It is highly recommended that any outfit, entity,
e) Walki-talkies at base camp and with the establishment or company seeking grant for
group whenever they are out climbing and recognition must fulfill these desirable criteria:
all the camps where climbers are. a) The entity must own specialized
f) Routes with highly avalanche risks or equipment commensurate with needs of
history of avalanche accidents should carry undertaking and running such an operation
Avalanche transceivers, Shovel & probe also. (listed above).
g) The operator must announce the b) The entity must have qualified personnel
maximum group size up front. The (minimum two full time qualified staff) on
maximum group size should be fixed their payroll (listed above). These personnel
depending on the kind of mountains. We must carry the requisite experience in the
can divide them into two categories: activity and have valid First Aid & CPR
1. Trekking Peaks & certification.
Mountaineering Expeditions c) The entity must operate with the required
2. Trekking permits / licenses.
d) It is recommended that the entity is
8.14 SAFETY BRIEFING registered with the state tourism department
The lead guide / expedition leader must give a / recognized by the Ministry of Tourism,
proper briefing to expedition members before Govt of India.
starting from the base camp and this should e) The entity must have a registered office.
include:
f) The mountaineering company must
a) Exact route, campsites and places where follow a strict 'leave no trace' policy and
ropes have been fixed. Hazards on the conform to high sustainability standards.
mountain and expected weather.
47
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Land based
GUIDELINES FOR
Nature Walks /
Bird Watching
48
GUIDELINES FOR Nature Walks / Bird Watching www.atoai.org
Introduction: 9.4 Equipment required

9.1 Nature walk: A nature trail or nature a) Good binocular / spotting Scope.
walk is a specially developed hiking trail or b) Field book / guide on Birds / Mammals/
footpath that runs through the countryside, Snakes / Butterflies/ Insects/ Amphibians
along which there may be marked stations or etc are a must.
stops next to points of natural, technological or c) Good camera.
cultural interest. These may convey information
d) A notebook for recording time and place
about, flora and fauna, soil science, geology,
of bird sightings.
mining, ecology or cultural history.
e) First aid kit.
9.2 Bird watching, is a form of wildlife
f) Kit: Measuring tape, magnifying glass,
observation in which the observation of birds
torch light, GPS, POP powder and kit,
is a recreational activity. It can be done with the
camera trap etc.
naked eye, through a visual enhancement device
like binoculars and telescopes or by listening for 9.5 Inspection & Maintenance
bird sounds. Procedures
It often involves a significant auditory a) Binoculars have moving parts and are
component, as many bird species are more very sensitive equipment and can easily be
easily detected and identified by ear than by mishandled. They need regular checks for
eye. Most birdwatchers pursue this activity fungus and parallax.
for recreational or social reasons, unlike
b) Medical kit to be checked for expiry date
ornithologists, who engage in the study of birds
of medicines.
using formal scientific methods.
c) There is a need for regular refresher
Guides/ Instructors: courses for Guides.
9.3 Basic minimum qualifications and
9.6 SOPs & Operating
experience:
Instructions
a) Preferred bachelors degree in Botany
Zoology., Forestry Sciences, Conservation, In order to provide clients with a good
Environmental Science. wildlife experience, while maintaining a safe
distance from animals - guides need a training
b) Field training in multiple ecosystems to programme. Some of the most important areas
prepare guides for different locations. that need to be covered include:
c) Thorough knowledge of the local area or a) Weather/climate briefing: Before setting
the bird watching site. off on a Birding / Nature Trail, the guide
d) Good bird knowledge – migration/ must provide clients sufficient brief on the
distribution of species/endemic bird species. expected heat/ cold/ rain etc during the
e) Provide vernacular medium literature for trip. Clients need to dress accordingly and
local guides. to be prepared for personal and equipment
f) Comprehensive syllabus for Guides to be protection.
developed. b) Dehydration is a reality. Sufficient fluids
g) Need to understand safe distance and light refreshments for any unexpected
necessary to be maintained to prevent delays should be carried. This becomes even
animal/insect attack/charge. more important with medical backgrounds
of some clients that may not be known.
h) Emergency manoeuvres in case of a
charge by an animal. c) Garbage is one of the most dangerous
problems created by Wildlife Tourism.
i) First aid and CPR knowledge/certification Empty chips wrappers are salt laced but
49
the animals are unable to lick the salt from

inside the wrappers. Hence the packets
are swallowed by animals leading to their
choking and death.
d) Knowledge and experience of the Guides
is often the limiting factor in providing
clients with a good experience. Resorts must
invest in good Guides/ Naturalists.
e) Interpretation: On return from Safari/
Trail, the Resort Guide/ Naturalist must
ensure a good post trail de-brief to provide
the tourists with a good experience. Resorts/
campsites must also invest in a good library
with field guides and interpretation material
f) Our presence alone is responsible for a and bee sting allergies) and with very
significant pressure on the forest. We need specific instructions to carry the necessary
to prevent further increase by crowding, medicines – owing to the paucity of good
teasing, feeding, using flash etc. medical help in close proximity to wilderness
areas.
g) Collecting souvenirs like antlers, feathers,
bones, shells and plant parts is illegal and c) Wild animals are unpredictable. But
strictly prohibited. Guides should not budge certain situations can easily be prevented:
to client pressure to provide these materials. i) Coming too close to animals is
h) Sight of nesting birds is uncommon. dangerous.
However, we must understand that this is a ii) Mothers with young ones are easily
very sensitive period for the bird. They can provoked.
be threatened by our very presence. At such iii) Use of flash can anger even the most
times, extreme care needs to be taken while docile animals.
photographing bird activity. Photographing
iv) Feeding of animals is prohibited.
birds on their nests is strictly forbidden.
However certain animals can attack even
Documentation on realising the existence of food. Eg
9.7 Lists of bird observations compiled by monkeys and langoors can snatch food.
members of local bird-watching societies are v) Handling snakes is dangerous.
very useful in determining dispersal, habitat, This must be done only by a trained
and migration patterns of the various species. handler. However in a situation where
there is no such handler, care must
9.8 Risk Mitigation be taken to provide the snake with an
a) Wildlife Tourism comes with a different exit route. Identifying venomous and
set of risks. While conflict with large non-venomous snakes should be left to
animals are rare and few, it is the problems experts. All snakes should be handled
associated with stings and bites that are a with due care.
reality. Briefing the clients to be sufficiently
prepared and well dressed is the first step Emergencies & Rescues
b) Wildlife Tourism can bring in clients 9.9 All Resorts, trail leaders and Guides must
who are unfit/ or allergic to certain weather be aware of the nearest medical facility and
conditions. Brief medical condition of the evacuation means.
client should be known (such as asthama a) Guides must know basic first aid/CPR
50
b) Emergencies could most often be due “Basic Minimum Standards”

to medical condition of the client or due to for grant of recognition to
snake bite/ sting. operators
c) Bee stings can become life threatening. 9.12 The Wildlife Tourism industry is now
You don’t always need venomous snakes to moving towards Environmentally Responsible
run into an emergency. Operators and expects certain basic standards to
d) Sun stroke and other weather related be maintained like:
situations can get aggravated on long a) All bird watching / nature walk trips
exposure. should follow a strict ‘ leave no trace’ policy.
e) An Emergency Action Plan should be in Responsible Waste Management plan should
position. All field staff must be periodically be in place to segregate/ compost waste
trained in the Emergency Action Plan. generated.
Safety briefing b) Multi Activity Resorts: Resorts must not
depend only on a single activity like a Safari
9.10 Briefings for a good wildlife experience
for its clients. Instead effort must be made to
should include the following:
give them a comprehensive ‘Wild Experience’
a) Appropriate clothing for the season and with activities like cycling, bird watching,
camouflage. adventure, community interaction, farming
b) Any medicines that might need to be and harvesting among others. This will not
carried and rehydration fluids. only reduce the pressure on the Wilderness –
c) There are very few field toilets in India. but also help the Resort to increase business
Use of bush needs utmost care. Clients by increasing options for more night stays.
should use the washroom prior to leaving c) Interpretation: This is one of the most
for the nature walk / birding. important activities to educate and involve
d) Noise disturbs animals – while most the client. Resorts/ Campsites must invest in
animals will shy away, some like juvenile training good guides.
elephants and wild boars may charge. d) Supporting local population and economy:
e) Ensuring zero garbage policy in Resorts/ Campsites must be able to employ
wilderness areas. There is a need to take all and capacity build local population to benefit
garbage back to resort/base camp. from tourism. As far as possible the purchase
policy must reflect a ‘Buy Local’ policy. It
9.11 Medical concerns supports the local economy and Resorts
a) Elderly clients and clients with need of can provide their clients with a realistic local
regular medicines should be warned of experience. Most importantly, it reduces the
poor medical facilities in the proximity of environmental cost of food material due to
wilderness areas. transportation.
b) Emergencies like snake bites and e) CSR Activity: Resorts/ Campsites should
bee stings need immediate assistance. be supportive of the local needs of education,
Evacuation/ access to the nearest Primary medical and sporting activities.
Health Centre/Civil Hospital should be f) Trained guides: as highlighted above.
planned for. Anti Snake Venom cannot g) The activity provider must follow all
be normally stored and administered by guidelines as listed in the Global Sustainable
untrained personnel. Tourism criteria.
c) First aid kits should be carried on the trail
/maintained at locations.
51
9.13 RISK ANALYSIS AND

MANAGEMENT PROCESS
RISKS - Accident, injury
other forms loss
a) Dehydration
b) Sunburn/Heat stroke
c) Stings
d) Injury/bruises/lacerations
e) Lost person
f) Animal attack
9.14 CAUSAL FACTORS
Hazards, perils, dangers
People
a) Making noise and displaying aggressive
behaviour c) Well equipped First Aid kit to be carried
b) Not carrying enough water, sunscreen, Normal Operation - Environment
hat or appropriate clothing to protect from a) Check for honey combs and presence of
weather sloth bear/ honey buzzard nearby
c) Photographers getting too close/ using b) Check for condition of vehicle.
flash on nesting birds/ animals
Emergency
Equipment
a) Know where the nearest hospital is,
a) Inappropriate clothing ensure that the guide knows basic first aid
b) lacking water bottles b) A vehicle on call for Emergency
c) Insufficient 1st Aid Kit evacuation should be available
Environment 9.16 GUIDELINES RECOMMENDED
a) Heat/ Cold a) Recommended not to do some walking
b) Rough weather trails when it is raining, Look out for areas
that will be slippery, any falls would be
c) Bees/ plant inducing allergies. Etc
serious
9.15 Risk Management Strategy b) Areas with tigress with cubs need to be
Normal Operation - People avoided
a) Explain that if tourists are hyper active - c) Photographing birds on nest to be totally
they will loose the privilege of the wildlife avoided
experience and will need to turn back 9.17 SKILLS REQUIRED BY STAFF
Normal Operation - Equipment a) Guides to have knowledge of first aid and
a) Confirm that clients are carrying water should have a well equipped First Aid kit
and light snacks. Are appropriately dressed b) Thorough knowledge of wildlife and
with cap/ hat terrain
b) Participants should dress up in c) Driver to be able to undertake minor
camouflaging clothes repairs of the vehicle
52
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Land based
GUIDELINES FOR
ROCK CLIMBING /
ARTIFICIAL WALL CLIMBING
AND ABSEILING
53
GUIDELINES FOR ROCK CLIMBING / ARTIFICIAL WALL CLIMBING AND ABSEILING www.atoai.org
Introduction
10.1 Climbing and abseiling are adventure
activities growing in popularity in India.
However if not conducted safely it can lead
to injury and serious accidents. The purpose
of these minimum standards is to enumerate
best practices for operating rock climbing and
abseiling sessions. These apply to purpose-built
(artificial) structures and single pitch climbing
venues with fixed protection systems.
10.2 Terms and definitions
a) Single Pitch – An easily accessible a) A minimum 8 hour (1 day) first aid course
climbing venue where both top and bottom provided by a recognised and qualified
of the climbing surface can be accessed provider.
safely by foot without the need for personal
protective equipment and roped systems. b) Basic Mountaineering Course from any
of the National Mountaineering Institutes
b) Fixed protection systems – “Bolts” or and be certified by a MOI Qualified
“anchors” specifically designed and fitted for Instructor to have assisted climbing and
the purpose of attaching roped systems to a abseiling activities for a minimum of
structure/natural climbing venue. 100 hours OR Indian Mountaineering
c) The safety chain includes the anchor; Foundation (IMF) recognised Sports
the rope; the carabiners and slings; the Climbing Instructors course or should
knots; the harness and the alert belayer. have sufficient experience certified by
d) Bottom roping where the belayer is suitably qualified Coaches/Instructors duly
situated at the bottom of the climb and the recognised by IMF.
rope is directed through an anchor at the top
10.4 Equipment
of the climb and back down to the climber.
a) The correct use and proper maintenance
e) Top roping where the belayer is situated
of climbing equipment is essential for
at the top of the climb and the rope is
conducting safe climbing and abseiling
directed from the belay system directly to
activities and should never be taken lightly.
the climber.
b) Although these standards do not
f) Lead climbing where the climber places
cover the fitting or construction of fixed
protection during the climb and has no
protection systems, these systems should
roped protection above.
be rated by the manufacturer and have
g) Leader placed protection is protection a quantifiable safe working load. As a
specifically designed for the use of lead minimum standard for such systems,
climbing and rigging where no fixed operators must adhere to a safety factor of
protection is available. 3 in accordance to the operator's’ weight
h) Fall factor a method in which to scale limitations. In addition, fixed protection
the severity and force of a fall. systems must be proven to withstand
10KN (1 ton) without displaying any visible
Guides/Instructors deformation or damage. In order to fully
10.3 Guides and instructors who are understand appropriate fixed anchor/
supervising climbing and abseiling activities protection systems an operator must also
should, as a minimum, hold valid certificates for have sound knowledge of static/dynamic
the following: load and fall factors.
54
c) Rated and quality assured personal

protective equipment or PPE must be used.
An internationally recognised safe working
load for such equipment is 25KN (2.5 tons).
In order to comply with this standard it is
recommended that all PPE is CE (European
Conformity) approved. Here is a list of the
minimum PPE requirements for an average
climbing and/or abseiling session:
d) Harness – The single most important
piece of personal protective equipment
which allows the climber to be safely
attached to the roped system and is also
a “link” of the safety chain. Harnesses
however do not fit themselves and when Rope that isn’t designed specifically for the
fitted incorrectly introduce further risk due use of climbing and abseiling activities must
to providing a false sense of security. For NEVER be used for this purpose. A safe
this reason, all harnesses must be checked working load of 25KN (2.5 tons) and CE
by a qualified leader to ensure they are fitted approval is the internationally recognised
correctly prior to leaving the ground and standard for climbing rope.
being exposed to a potential fall. g) Hardware (carabiners, belay devices
e) Helmets – Climbing helmets are etc.) – There is a wide range of climbing
designed to withstand impact from above aids and devices and the operator and
by falling rock and equipment, NOT the instructor must have a complete and sound
head impacting on the ground from a falling knowledge of their applications including
climber. As such, it is the responsibility of which devices are necessary to operate
the owner/operator to deem if a climbing climbing and abseiling activities safely. These
helmet is necessary in accordance with their devices are also a “link” in the safety chain.
risk assessments. The general rule however As per all other climbing equipment items a
is that in natural rock venues use a helmet; safe working load of 25KN (2.5 tons) and
in bottom rope artificial venues a helmet is CE approval is the internationally recognised
optional; in top rope/abseil artificial venues, standard for climbing hardware and devices.
use a helmet. If in doubt, use a helmet. h) All equipment is subject to wear and
f) Rope – There are many different types tear and must be checked before every use.
of rope. The operator and leader must have Incorrect storage, use and monitoring of
a sound knowledge of specifically designed rated and approved equipment is usually the
climbing rope, including the different cause of equipment failure. Operators and
types and applications. In order for the leaders must have sound knowledge of this
operator or leader to fully understand the and have systems in place in order to control
applications or different climbing ropes and manage their equipment. Details of how
they must also fully understand fall factors. to do this is included in the Indian Climbing
Climbing rope comes in different diameters Leader Award.
and specifications but the basics are
Inspection and maintenance
dynamic, semi static and static. The operator
must consult the manufacturer’s manual procedures
to ascertain its intended use. Rope not 10.5 Inspections and maintenance require
intended for climbing is made with different sound knowledge of the systems and
materials and has different specifications. equipment themselves and therefore must be
55
carried out by qualified persons as a minimum

the inspector must be qualified to be a guide/
instructor. Basic inspections must be carried
out before every use with complete and detailed
inspections carried out on a regular basis in
accordance with their operations procedures
and risk assessments.
10.6 SOPs and operating
instructions
a) For rock climbing and abseiling, the
systems required at each individual venue
vary. The following is the minimum
requirement and standards that apply to all
climbing and abseiling activities.
b) The safety chain
i) The Anchor – Is permanent and been
fitted with the intention to be used for
this particular activity. Has been tested to
withstand a minimum of 10 KN (1 ton).
Does not show any signs of damage or
deformity.
ii) The rope – Is a climbing rope
that has been made by an approved
manufacture. It is the correct type
of rope for this particular activity. It
does not show any signs of damage or
deformity i.e. excessive “fluffing”, cuts,
rips or tears, thin bits, fat bits etc. Is
correctly secured to the anchor.
iii) The carabiners and slings –
Equipment is for its intended use only.
There are no signs of damage, deformity
or wear and tear. Are correctly secured.
iv) The knots – Are the correct knots.
Have been double-checked before
exposing anyone to a potential fall.
v) The harness – There are no signs of
damage, deformity or wear and tear. Is
correctly fitted.
vi) The alert belayer – Has the belay
device fitted correctly. The belayer knows
how to use the device. The belayer
alert, paying attention to the climber
and performing the correct 5 point
belaying technique (covered in the Indian
Climbing Leader Award).
56
c) During all following applications and h) The venue

systems, and in line with the exception i) All venues under the purview of this
of this minimum standard, neither the minimum standard must remain within
instructor nor participant should ever be the definition of single pitch.
subject to potential fall greater than a fall
ii) Artificial structures must be designed
factor of 1.
and certified to withstand the forces
d) Bottom rope system involved and include a safety factor of 3
i) The weight of the climber and belayer on all safety critical components.
should be calculated to judge if a ground iii) Anchor points on both artificial
anchor for the belayer is necessary. and natural venues must be accessible
ii) The appropriate belay system for the without the need for lead climbing or
venue/group should be utilized. leader placed protection. Failing this, they
iii) It is preferable that the belay device must be rigged, checked and accessed
be locked off under load allowing the by suitably trained and experienced
instructor to escape from the system – instructors.
applicable to customer/group belaying 10.7 Documentation
and ground anchor belay systems.
a) Associated equipment purchase
e) Top rope system documentation, including warranty, service
i) The instructor must always be attached & maintenance history documentation.
via an independent safety line that allows b) Documented installation/structure
him/her to escape from the system checks.
whilst the climbing rope is under load.
c) Logbook of instructor training and
ii) The instructor must be able to lock qualifications.
off the belay device under load.
d) Valid first aid/CPR certificate.
f) Group abseil (releasable abseil) system
e) Emergency Action Plan
i) The abseil rope, safety rope and
instructor safety line must be attached to 10.8 Risk mitigation
individual anchor points. a) A basic risk assessment of the venue is
ii) The abseil rope must be a redundant required before use.
system that is releasable under load
enabling it to be discarded if necessary.
iii) The instructor must be able to lock
off the safety rope whilst under load.
g) Participants
i) Age is not a factor but a participant
must be of suitable size in order to be
fitted safely into their harness. Chest
harnesses are to be used where necessary.
ii) Participants must be aware of the
risks involved and in turn must listen
and adhere to the instructions of their
instructor.
iii) Specific health concerns must be
considered before participating.
57
b) Emergency/evacuation procedures
must be formulated in which all leaders are
trained.
Emergencies and rescues
10.9 If the above systems are adhered to,
climbing and abseiling rescues are simple and
safe, the details of which are covered in the
Indian Climbing Leader Award. In addition:
a) A first aid kit must be available on site.
b) Evacuation routes must be easily
accessible as per the definition of single
pitch.
c) A detailed and documented evacuation/
emergency procedure must be written which
includes the contact numbers of the closest
available emergency services which can be
called upon as required.
10.10 Safety Briefing
a) All instructors and guides should be able
to give a thorough safety briefing that covers
all safety aspects and detailed climbing/
abseiling and rescue instructions in detail.
b) This briefing must be clear and
instructors must have the ability to give the
safety briefing in English, Hindi or local seeking recognition must fulfil these criteria:
language, with ability to prepare guests for a) The entity must own specialized
the activity. equipment commensurate with needs
of running such an operation ( specified
10.11 Medical Concerns above).
a) All instructors and guides must have
b) The operator must have minimum two
information on medical issues before the
full-time qualified personnel on their payroll.
activity is conducted.
These personnel must carry the requisite
b) It is recommended that heart patients, experience in the activity (specified above)
those with spinal issues, recent surgery and have valid First Aid & CPR certification.
or any other medical issue of concern,
c) The operator must operate with the
expecting mothers and under age children
required permits / licenses.
do not undertake the activity. It is also
recommended that epilepsy and asthmatic d) It is recommended that the entity is
patients, avoid this activity. Asthma inhalers registered with the state tourism department
must be carried by guests for the activity. / recognized by the Ministry of Tourism,
Govt of India.
10.12 Basic Minimum Standards e) The entity must have a registered office.
for grant of recognition
f) The company must follow a strict 'leave
to operators no trace' policy and conform to high
It is highly recommended that any outfit sustainability standards.
58
www.atoai.org

Land
based
GUIDELINES FOR
PERSONAL
LIGHT ELECTRIC
VEHICLE (PLEV/
SEGWAY) TOURS
59
GUIDELINES FOR PERSONAL LIGHT ELECTRIC VEHICLE (PLEV/SEGWAY) TOURS www.atoai.org
Introduction b) Must have experience to ride on various

11.1 Personal Light Electrical Vehicle or terrain.
PLEV was first introduced by Segway Inc. c) Must have documented experience as a
PLEV is a two wheeled, self-balancing, personal spotter with a minimum experience of 50
transporter. It uses sensors, motors and a rides under supervision of an experienced
computer to keep it in an upright balanced spotter or guide.
position. The gyroscopic and accelerometer d) Must have knowledge and understanding
based leveling sensors detects the weight shift of section 11.2 to 11.13 of these guidelines.
on the vehicle and tries to maintain balance. As Certified Segway Guide:
a result riders get motion.
a) Must fulfil all requirements mentioned in
It is important to ensure that riders get section 11.3.
comprehensive training, briefing and use proper
safety gear prior to the conduct of a tour since b) Must have documented minimum
improper vehicle or riding practice can cause experience of 100 documented tours under
serious danger to riders, other people and supervision of certified Segway guide.
property. c) Must be a certified First Aid/CPR
Risk of injury can be caused from loss of provider by ATOAI recognised first aid
control, collisions, and falls. training provider.
d) Should have good communication skills.
11.2 Adventure Guides/
e) Must have knowledge and understanding
Instructors: Basic minimum of section 11.2 to 11.13 of these guidelines.
qualifications and experience
Certification:
Definitions
a) A certified guide having experience of
a) Vehicle: Any Personal light electrical 500 documented tours can certify spotter
vehicle (PLEV) or Segway. and guide, if they pass respective eligibility
b) Guided Tour: A Segway (vehicle) Tour criteria as mentioned in section 11.3.
guided by a certified guide.
11.4 Equipment required
c) Spotter: The person who supports
the rider to learn basic skills of riding the Operating Equipment
vehicle and prepare for a guided Segway a) Vehicle & all necessary components and
tour. accessories.
d) Guide: The person who is certified/ b) Maintenance equipment.
trained to guide the tour. c) Wrench Sets.
e) Segway Tour Operator: Who operates d) Charging Unit.
a guided tour arranging the vehicle, spotter
e) Other necessary equipment suggested by
and guide.
manufacturer.
f) Rider: the person who rides a vehicle
f) Safety Equipment: helmets; knee, elbow
during a guided tour.
and wrist guards.
11.3 Qualifications & g) For Personal Light Electric Vehicle -
Experience: Fitness certificate for the safety aspect to be
Certified Segway Spotter: obtained from the competent authority.
a) Must have knowledge and acquired skills 11.5 Equipment care and
of all functions of vehicle as mentioned in maintenance
the manufacturer’s guidelines.
Vehicle Care :
60
a) Always shut down vehicle and unplug SOP’s & Operating Instructions
the AC Power cord before performing 11.7 Tour operator must ensure that the rider
any maintenance or installing any part or is medically, physically and mentally eligible for
accessory. a guided tour as mentioned in section 11.13.
b) Adhere to torque specifications when Tour operator must provide:
tightening fasteners. Over tightening or
under-tightening fasteners can result in a) Learning and practice sessions to the
damage or malfunction. riders by certified spotter/guide.
c) Use only compatible and approved tyres b) The operator must ensure that all riders
for replacement. wear helmets and protective gear, duly
checked by the spotter/guide, prior to the
Battery Care conduct of the practice session and during
a) Charge your batteries only when they are the entire duration of the tour.
within the specified charging temperature
range. c) Manage the practice environment where
children, pedestrians, pets, vehicles, bicycles,
b) Ensure that the charging port is dry. or other obstacles and potential hazards
c) Ensure power cord is properly grounded. can be avoided during learning and practice
d) Follow manufacturer’s guideline for sessions.
frequency & time of battery charging and Spotter must:
replacement. d) Ensure that riders understand the
11.6 Inspection & Maintenance components of vehicle and their use.
Procedures e) follow inspection procedure described in
Daily section 11.6 and prepare vehicle for a ride.
a) All components are installed and f) ensure that rider is safe for riding and
functioning within manufacturer’s guidelines. feels comfortable on the vehicle.
b) All components are fastened as per
manufacturer’s guideline.
c) Tyre wear and tear.
d) Check and clean all safety gear.
Every Ride
a) Adjustment of the components for every
rider.
b) Tyre pressure.
c) Battery power.
d) Check and fix, if there is any safety alert.
After any incident or accident
Detailed inspection and necessary maintenance
& repair.
Preventive Maintenance
Follow manufacturer’s guideline to prepare
inspection and maintenance schedule.
Repair
Do necessary repair and document it before
vehicle is used for a guided tour.
61
g) ensure that under the spotter/guide’s team member in case of an emergency.

guidance, basic riding skills listed below are
acquired by rider before riding: 11.8 Documentation
i) Stepping on. For tour operator:
ii) Balancing. a) All permits, licenses, contracts and
statutory documents that can be demanded
iii) Moving forward & Backward. by either government authorities or tour
iv) Stopping. members.
v) Turning. b) Necessary insurances.
vi) Turning while moving. c) Safety audit record.
vii) Stepping off. For guide and spotter
viii) Parking. a) Necessary certificate or documented log
h) make rider aware about terrain, possible for training of spotter and guide.
hazards and obstacles. b) Certified logbook for Guide & spotters.
Spotter must ensure that riders c) First aid/CPR certificates for all guides.
i) practice riding in controlled area. For rider
j) avoid obstacles and distractions in a) Required signed application,
controlled area until they get comfortable indemnification & risk release form.
with the vehicle. b) Medical certificate.
k) be able to ride in narrow areas, curving c) Necessary insurance.
and paved walkways.
d) Instruction manual.
l) feel comfortable with the PLEV and have
acquired desired skills before being allowed For vehicle
to ride on a guided tour under guidance of a a) Installation, service, maintenance and
certified guide. user manuals.
Guide must a) Inspection checklist.
m) provide necessary safety briefing and a) Preventive maintenance schedule and log.
instructions to riders as mentioned in a) Breakdown maintenance log.
section 11.12.
Incident reporting
n) ensure that riders do not stay unattended
during learning and practice sessions as 11.9 Accident report.
mentioned above.
Risk Mitigation
o) cross check the skills and eligibility
11.10 Following inspection and preventive
criteria of a rider before they can be taken
maintenance procedure as mentioned in section
on a guided tour.
4 and 5.
p) establish communication with evacuation
a) Maintain Up-to-date documentation as
and rescue team.
mentioned in section 11.8.
Tour operator must
b) Follow SOP’s and Operating instruction
q) ensure safe environment for riding and as mentioned in section 11.7.
guided tour.
c) Setting up an emergency and rescue
r) ensure quick and safe return of riders, in system as mentioned in section 11.11.
case of emergency.
d) Evaluate risk and safety criteria before
s) evacuate and rescue the member/s or starting a tour.
62
e) Provide precedence to safety over

anything and everything.
11.11 Emergencies & Rescues
Tour operators must have
a) trained staff for first aid, evacuation and
rescue.
b) an Emergency Action Plan and provide
periodic training to staff in evacuation,
rescue and emergency scenarios.
c) communication system between operator
and necessary medical services in case of
emergencies.
Tour operators must document incidents and
near misses and report it as required by the law.
Safety briefing
11.12 Tour operator or a guide must instruct
xiii) Learn about and obey applicable laws
riders and ensure the following safety guidelines
and regulations.
and instructions during the tour.
xiv) Be relaxed. Ride in a relaxed position
a) Dos:
with your knees and elbows slightly bent
i) Use caution when riding in new and head up.
environments.
b) Don’ts:
ii) Be careful when riding through a
i) Do not attempt to ride if you are ill
doorway.
or if you cannot comply fully with the
iii) Make sure you leave enough wheel instructions and warnings.
clearance.
ii) Do not ride under the influence of
iv) Watch out for terrain transitions such alcohol or drugs.
as pavement and grass.
iii) Do not wear loose clothing that can
v) Avoid slippery surfaces, loose catch in the moving components.
materials, steep, slopes, and obstacles.
iv) Do not carry a passenger or cargo that
vi) Follow manufacturer’s guideline to make you uncontrolled.
move on steps.
v) Do not take risks. When you encounter
vii) Do not ride on stones / allow a a slope, uneven terrain, or other features
wheel to go over a stone or touch a with which you are not experienced or if
pavement. you are concerned about your safety, do
viii) Be careful and considerate of not risk riding over it and seek help of
others. your guide.
ix) Always ride under control at a speed vi) Do not ride with an empty battery
that is safe for you and those around you. condition.
x) Always be prepared to stop. vii) Do not exceed the maximum weight
xi) Be careful about overhead obstacles. limit.
xii) Always turn slowly and with caution. viii) Do not step off a moving vehicle.
Fast turns can lead to loss of control and Always come to a stop, before stepping
falls. Lean into turns. off.
63
ix) Do not ride in the dark. Do not ride viii) Only travel on a road when a
the vehicle in low visibility conditions pedestrian way is not available or when
without a light. To ride safely, you must sidewalk use is not allowed.
be able to clearly see what is in front of
you and you must be clearly visible to Medical concerns
others. 11.13 Tour operators must ensure:
x) Avoid distractions. Do not use a cell a) the rider is physically, mentally and
phone or headphones, or engage in any medically fit for learning & practice sessions
other activity that might distract you or and a guided tour as mentioned in section
interfere with your ability to monitor 11.7 (b), 11.7 (c), 11.7 (d), and 11.7 (e).
your surroundings while riding. b) rider is not under the influence of
xi) Never let go off a balancing vehicle. alcohol or drug.
It can risk injury or get damaged. c) riders with any serious medical concerns
xii) Do not ride your vehicle on private such as a weak heart condition, spinal issues,
property (inside or outside) unless you recent surgery or serious illness, epilepsy
have obtained permission to do so. and expecting mothers should avoid segway
rides.
c) Pedestrians & sidewalks:
i) Respect pedestrians by always yielding 11.14 “Basic Minimum
the right of way. Standards” for grant of
ii) Avoid startling pedestrians. When recognition to operators:
approaching from behind, announce a) Tour operators using their own
yourself and slow down to walking speed equipment and staff can be granted
when passing. Pass on the right whenever recognition if they follow section 11.5 to
possible. When approaching a pedestrian 11.13.
from the front, stay to the left and slow b) Operators using rented equipment and
down. their own staff can be granted recognition
iii) In heavy pedestrian traffic, slow if they legally ensure with their supplier that
down and proceed at the pace of rental vehicles are in compliance of section
pedestrian traffic. Overtake only if there 4 & 5 and they (tour operator) follow
is ample space to do so safely. Do not section 11.7 to 11.13.
weave in and out of pedestrian traffic. c) Operators using own equipment and
iv) When riding with other riders, contracted staff can be granted recognition
maintain a safe distance, identify if they follow section 11.5 to 11.14 and
hazards and obstacles, and do not ride ensure that their contracted staff is legally
side-by-side unless there is plenty of bound to follow section 11.6 to 11.13.
room left for pedestrians. d) Operators using rental equipment and
v) Do not park your vehicle in a way contracted staff can be granted recognition
that blocks pedestrian traffic. if they legally ensure with their supplier that
vi) Cross roads rental vehicles are in compliance of section
at designated 11.5 & 11.6 and ensure that their contracted
crosswalks staff is legally bound to follow section 11.6
or signalled to 11.13.
intersections. e) The company must follow a strict 'leave
vii) Do not no trace' policy and conform to high
jaywalk/ride. sustainability standards.
64
www.atoai.org

Land
based
GUIDELINES
FOR SKIING/
SNOWBOARDING
65
GUIDELINES FOR SKIING / SNOWBOARDING www.atoai.org
Introduction prone, skiing should not be permitted without

12.1 With 73 % of the Himalayan range, India qualified instructors unless tourists are qualified
offers huge opportunities for skiing. The scope from a recognized institute. Instructors must
and potential for this adventure sport in India is be qualified in advance ski course from IISM
immense. Skiing is not only an adventure sport (Indian Institute of Skiing and Mountaineering,
but also part of the Winter Olympics and can Gulmarg), and JIM&WS Pahalgam. Army and
generate employment through tourism. Indian ITBP have their own training institutes and
skiing is so competently priced that if the their instructors are at par with National or
desired infrastructure is developed, India could state ski instructors.
become a major ski destination. Safety on and off-piste : Ski
Currently Auli in Uttrakhand is the only instructors/ guides must be able to assess
ski slope registered with International Ski weather and mountain hazards (avalanches,
Federation. The infrastructure at Auli needs snow condition and terrain) correctly, respond
to be developed and connectivity improved. and behave appropriately and be able to take
Gulmarg is the best that India has to offer but immediate action in the event of an accident.
since it’s slopes are not homologized, it is not The candidate should be familiar with and able
registered with IFS. This is followed by Solang to implement local/FIS rules. The instructor
and Narkanda in Himachal which do not have must brief clients about the local culture and a
proper ski infrastructure. Besides the regular ski strict ‘ leave no trace’ policy on the mountain.
and snowboarding activities, Heli Skiing in India
offers some of the best powder conditions Equipment: Equipment available for rent
in the world, at high altitude. This is a major must be thoroughly inspected before use.
attraction for advance skiers / snowboarders Ski Patrol and Evacuations:
from all over the world. Gulmarg is the only ski area in India that has
Other than alpine skiing and snowboarding, a formal Ski Patrol team that is well trained
India has a small but active Cross Country ski and equipped. None of the other areas have
market. This is one area that has scope for a dedicated team to monitor slopes and
development. Since snow skiing is limited to a skiers. This should be made into a minimum
few winter months, new ski disciplines such as requirement for a state to operate a ski area.
grass skiing and roller skiing have been added to Evacuation remains a vexing issue since neither
this sport, to ensure year round activity. There medical facilities nor evacuation systems are in
is huge scope for profitable private investment position in major ski areas. Gulmarg is perhaps
in synthetic ski slopes, grass ski slopes and the only area where the Indian Army and Air
roller ski runs, since these events are part of Force have a system to evacuate injured skiers.
international skiing competitions.
12.3 Guides and Training
Challenges: a) The instructor should be proficient
12.2 Access is the main issue today. Other in Hindi/local language and English as a
than Gulmarg, all ski areas have an issue with medium of instruction.
connectivity, with no airports close by or
b) The instructor should be able to grade
irregular flight connections. In most cases, the
up lessons in a step wise manner covering
drive can last anywhere between 5 to 12 hours
walking exercises, basic swings, parallel turns
to get to a ski area.
etc.
Qualified instructors: Though one c) All ski/snowboarding guides must have
will find many guides and instructors to teach valid First Aid/CPR certification.
clients, most of them are not qualified or
d) Must preserve local flora, fauna and
certified. There is an immediate need to set
environment.
standards of coaching in India. Being injury
66
e) Ski guides must have skiing certification Government of India OR State Tourism body
from a national or international skiing or as an Adventure Tour Operator.
snowboarding Institute, approved by the
Director of the local snow-sport school. Equipment Use:
f) The instructor should be able to teach all 12.6The correct use and proper maintenance
guest categories and age groups, as a group of equipment is essential for conducting safe
or individual one on one lesson. skiing and snowboarding activities.
g) The instructor should be able to judge 12.7 Whenever equipment is hired the tour
extreme weather conditions and other operator must ensure that:
hazards like avalanches, snow condition and a) Ski equipment is fully serviceable with all
blizzards. components and is routinely checked every
time it is used.
Group Sizes :
b) Snow sport helmets in good condition
12.4 The instructor/student ratio should be and certified by a recognized safety
small and manageable. The ideal group strength standards organization.
should not be more than 10 persons per
c) Ski boots and bindings are compatible
instructor. The group must be formed based
with each other.
on participant’s age, learning ability and prior
proficiency. d) Ski helmet must be of correct fitting and
size.
12.5 Tour Operator/Agents e) Only fully qualified technicians to
a) The tour operator on ground must undertake the fitting of equipment.
be registered with Ministry of Tourism,
67
f) The tension on bindings must be fitted maintained. The edges and bindings must be in
with due consideration to the age, weight, good working condition.
height and ability of the participant and the
manufacturer’s instructions. SOP’s and operating
instructions
g) The ski binding must be put at the
correct tension level looking at the 12.10 The systems and SOP’s required at each
proficiency of the skier and their weight. individual ski resort will differ. While ensuring the
minimum requirements and standards that apply to
h) Boots must be dry and in full working
all skiing and snowboarding activities, ski operators
order with no significant damage that could
must maintain a SOP which is known and
reduce performance. All fastenings must be
understood by all participants. The instructor as
fully functional.
well as the Tourists Participating in these activities
i) Skis and boots should be numbered and have to get Physical Fitness Certificate from a
easily identifiable. Physician. The SOP should covers the following:
j) The tour operator must regularly check a) DOs and DON'Ts for the particular ski
that these conditions are being met and resort/area.
should be able to provide evidence of such
b) Procedure for use of Ski Lift, timing,
checks upon request.
ticketing and local customs.
12.8 Ski Lifts
c) Manufacturer’s manual for the ski equipment
a) The tour operator should have tested and in use.
used the lift system, particularly those parts
d) Location and identification of slopes that
dedicated to beginners.
require a minimum proficiency level.
b) The whole ski area and line of lift must
e) Instruction procedures.
be under watch of the operator who should
be able to take immediate action in case of f) The outer limits of the skiing area and any
an accident. known hazards.
c) Resorts must be assessed by the tour g) Appropriate Personal clothing and
operator as suitable for the age group and protective gear.
activity. h) Emergency and accident procedures,
d) Both lift system and runs, particularly responsibilities and reporting.
nursery slopes, should be able to absorb i) Fully equipped first aid kit available on the
the number of tourists in a group without slope.
causing dangerous overcrowding.
12.11 Risk Mitigation
e) Lifts should be suitable for the age and
experience of group being handled. a) The entire ski area must be mapped and
the ski runs graded in color codes for easy
Inspection and maintenance identification.
procedures b) Extensive signage on and off the slopes to
12.9 Whenever skiing equipment is owned show run grading, off piste and groomed areas
by the operator, independent inspections and and area under ski patrol.
maintenance are to be carried out before the c) Must ensure that skiers on Black and Red
commencement of the season. This requires runs are always accompanied by a qualified
sound knowledge of equipment and therefore mountain ski guide.
must be carried out by a qualified technician. As
d) Every Mountain Ski guide must carry
a minimum, the inspector must be a qualified
Recco or similar systems for avalanche rescue,
instructor. Basic inspections must be carried out
avalanche poles, first aid , walkie talkies and cell
after every use by the guide/escort and records
phones
68
e) First aid kit must be available in the ski a ski lift. Skiers should not be allowed to
area itself. In addition, a detailed Emergency use ski lift until they develop full confidence
Action Plan must be written that includes to use their ski equipment properly. Read
contact numbers of the available emergency signage and listen to instructions carefully.
services. Evacuation routes and emergency Never disobey your instructors on the
procedures must be included in the slopes.
company’s risk assessment.
12.13 Safety Briefing:
12.12 Safety Briefing: Intermediate and advanced skiers:
Beginners: All of the above and …
a) Wear appropriate clothing in layers, that a) Be aware of prevailing weather conditions
will protect from wind and cold. and predicted patterns. Wear and carry
b) Carry /drink enough water, a minimum appropriate gear.
of 3 -4 liters every day. b) Always have a walkie talkie or mobile
c) Carry extra knee and ankle support with phone (where applicable)/wireless set in
you at all times your pack in case you get separated.
d) Always unbuckle your ski boots while c) Never ski alone. Always with an
walking to reduce strain on ankles. At the instructor or in a group.
same time ensure that boots are re buckled d) Understand clearly the location of
and fasten all loose clothing and gear before avalanche zones and if a ski patrol is active
commencing your run. in the area.
e) Listen carefully to all instructions. Follow e) Read avalanche warnings before you get
the defined line and do not hesitate to get onto the Black or Red runs.
clarifications from your instructor. f) You must have a Recco system to trace
f) Maximum accidents happen while taking you in case of an avalanche incident.
69
g) Plan to finish your last run of the day

latest by 1600 hrs so that there is enough
daylight time to initiate a rescue if needed.
h) If you and your buddy/instructor are
going Off Piste, then ensure that you leave
information behind outlining the area you
plan to ski/snow board in.
i) Carry emergency rations and an extensive
medical kit in case you have to spend a night
in the open.
12.14 Medical Concerns:
Clients must be physically fit prior to a ski c) The Operator must have / or show
holiday and highlight following medical proof of being able to hire a minimum
concerns prior to booking a ski package. of 20 serviceable sets of ski / snowboard
Operators must get a medical opinion from a equipment. This should include clothing and
qualified doctor clearing the guest for skiing gear.
and snowboarding, in case any of the following d) The operator must have adequate and up
concerns are highlighted the activity should not to date knowledge of the ski areas and runs
be undertaken: available.
a) Asthma (must carry inhalers). e) The operator must be able to clearly
b) High Blood Pressure. identify the slope and area of operation
c) Heart disease or recent open heart based upon qualification and experience of
surgery. the ski instructor/tourists.
d) Diabetes. f) In case the operator is operating in Off
Piste sections that are not in the purview
e) Knee related problems.
of the local Ski Patrol, they must be able
f) Severe spinal issues. to clearly define and display a rescue and
g) Pregnancy. evacuation policy.
h) Severe allergies. g) For running trips off piste, Black and
i) Recent surgery / hospitalization. Red sections, the instructors leading the
group must be able to prove that they have
j) Any other ailments that you may deem life
skied/boarded the runs at least once before
threatening in outdoor conditions.
taking any clients on the same section.
12.15 Basic Minimum Standards h) The operator must have a wireless/walkie
for grant of recognition to talkie/mobile phone set to use on the slopes.
Operator: i) The operator must carry a First Aid kit
a) Operator must have minimum two and water on each trip.
instructors on full time employment or long j) The operator must maintain live records
term contract (minimum 12 months). of all guests on the slopes on any given day
b) The instructors must have successfully and time. These come in handy in case of
completed an advance level skiing / any emergency/rescue.
snowboarding course from an International/ k) The company must follow a strict 'leave
National or State Level ski institute. no trace' policy and conform to high
Instructors must have valid First Aid/CPR sustainability standards.
certification.
70
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Land
based
GUIDELINES
FOR TREKKING
71
GUIDELINES FOR TREKKING www.atoai.org
Introduction b) Trekking equipment such as tents,

13.1 With 73 percent of the Himalayan range sleeping bags etc should be appropriate for
in India, trekking has become the most popular the terrain in which it is being used.
adventure activity in the country. These Basic c) All equipment is subject to wear and
Minimum Standards will apply specifically to tear and must be checked before every use.
commercial trekking expeditions across the Proper Equipment must be stored properly
country and at altitudes above 2000 meters. and inspected periodically. Unserviceable
equipment should be discarded immediately.
13.2 Guides/Instructors Operators and leaders must have sound
a) Who are leading trekking activities must knowledge of this and have systems in
be skilled and qualified to lead trekking place in order to control and manage their
groups. Trek leaders should have a certificate equipment.
issued by a MOT recognised adventure
tour operator stating that the individual Inspection and maintenance
“has experience of 3 years in assisting procedures
trekking expeditions at altitudes of 2000m 13.4 Inspection and maintenance require
or minimum 10 climbs above 2000m(for sound knowledge of the systems and
guiding in the Himalayas minimum 5 climbs equipment and must be carried out by qualified
above 4500 m) clearly reflected in a logbook persons, as a minimum the inspector must be
duly authenticated or validated by the a qualified guide/instructor. Basic inspections
operator and the clients. And above and is must be carried out before every use with
independently capable of guiding trekking detailed inspections carried out on a regular
groups and carrying out rescue operations” basis in accordance with their operational
OR : procedures and risk assessments.
Completed the Basic Mountaineering Course 13.5 SOP’s and operating
from any of the National Mountaineering
instructions
Institutes and carry a certificate duly
authenticated by an Indian Mountaineering a) All Trekking Tour Operators must
Foundation (IMF) recognized body OR IMF maintain and update a Standard Operating
accredited tour operator. Procedure for their operations and get the
same vetted from ATOAI from time to
b) Maintain a logbook containing
time. SOP’s should be in accordance with
authenticated records of trekking
risk management practices recommended by
experience.
ATOAI.
c) Must have valid certification of minimum
16 hour (2 day) first aid and CPR course
provided by a recognised and qualified
provider. The maximum group size should
be fixed depending on the nature of the
trek. The treks can be divided into different
categories like Low Altitude Treks/ Glacier
Treks/ High Altitude Treks/ Trekking
Expeditions etc.
13.3 Equipment required
Equipment care and maintenance
a) The correct use and proper maintenance
of trekking equipment is essential for
conducting trekking activities and should
never be taken lightly.
72
b) SOP’s for organizing the trekking iii) Advertising must give a true picture of
expedition, such as assessing of members all the difficulties and dangers involved,
qualification, medical condition and and avoid promising the impossible.
experience, procedures for obtaining For commercial trekking expeditions,
various permissions, travel to the trekking information about the guiding team and
area, maintenance of base camp including their experience should be sent to the
hygiene, precautions for avoiding high clients before hand .
altitude sickness, safety precautions, iv) The client must truthfully reveal his
communication, weather reports, procedure experience, supported by documentation/
for emergencies, communication protocol, photograph, medical history etc to the
casualty evacuation, incident and accident organiser so that the organiser can make an
reporting and feedback mechanism must be informed choice about the potential client.
well documented and part of staff training. For high altitude treks a doctor’s fitness
The following must be included in the certificate for clients is recommended.
SOPs:
v) Information supplied in advance will
i) The guiding and porter staff on the include a clear statement of the guiding,
mountain and the material supplied must porterage and equipment which will be
be adequate for the aims of the party and supplied by the organiser, together with a
stated level of service offered. detailed gear / clothing list for the clients.
ii) Advance arrangements must be vi) Sustainability guidelines : In accordance
known for medical help. Advance with the Global Sustainable Tourism
arrangements must also be made Criteria adopted by ATOAI with strong
for evacuation assistance in case of adherence to ‘ leave no trace’ policy.
emergency. A detailed Emergency
Action Plan must be in position and Documentation
communicated to all concerned prior to 13.6 The tour operator must maintain, at the
the commencement of the trek. minimum the following documentation:
73
a) Details of all Guides and Instructors along with closest available emergency
including copies of certifications, record services which can be called upon as
of trekking experience and feedback from required.
clients.
13.9 Safety briefing
b) Copies of all Permits and Permissions of
current trekking expeditions. a) Safety briefing should form an integral
part of a daily routine of the lead guide /
c) Copies of identification documents, trip leader.
Insurance cover and details of next of kin
for all participants, guides and instructors. b) Where significant risks have been
identified, lead guides should explain these
d) Copy of SOP. risks and advise clients of any action needed
e) Current list of emergency contact to safeguard themselves.
numbers. c) Local guides / trip leader’s primary
f) Emergency Action Plan for the particular responsibility is to ensure safety of the
trek. clients, support staff and themselves.
Risk mitigation d) This requirement comes before all other
responsibilities and the lead guides / trip
13.7 In order to mitigate risk of high altitude
leaders should be assured that any decision
trekking, the following is advised:
made by them to ensure the safety of all will
a) To get participants medically examined be supported by the company.
before starting on the journey. A visit to a
e) Safety briefing should also include
dentist is also recommended prior to multi
information about weather forecast (if
day treks.
available), elevation profile, time taken on
b) Unless guided by a highly experienced the trail, hazards, hydration and trail hygiene.
guide, at least two members of the party
have experience of high altitude trekking 13.10 Medical concerns
with valid First Aid/ CPR certification. a) Local guides / trip leaders should be
c) Ensure that environmental safeguards are aware of any common health risks that
implemented in their programme so that the may be present on a trekking expedition
area visited by them suffers no damage, and and should know how to prevent and treat
is left clean for subsequent expeditions. problems. This may include environment
d) The operator must ensure that a related conditions such as hypothermia,
comprehensive risk assessment is done and sunstroke or altitude sickness.
properly documented before operating any b) The lead guide / trip leaders should
trekking expedition. be aware of any pre-existing medical
conditions/ allergies within the group and
13.8 Emergencies and Rescues: this information should be checked during
a) Adequate first aid medical equipment the main briefing. The lead guide must speak
must be available with the party. For high to the client/s who declare such conditions
altitude treks an oxygen cylinder and gamow to gain a clear understanding of the medical
bag are recommended. concern.
b) Evacuation routes must be identified c) The lead guide / trip leaders must
and known to participants, guides and be aware of the local / nearest possible
instructors. emergency services available and how to
c) A detailed and documented Emergency contact them.
Action Plan with emergency contact d) Must carry First Aid / Medical kit with
numbers must be available with the party emergency medicines as required and it
74
is absolutely important that first aid kits d) Field staff of the company must be
are routinely checked for expiration of qualified in First - Aid / C.P.R by Red Cross
medicines and serviceability and replaced as or equivalent body or Certificate Course
necessary. conducted by the Adventure Tour Operators
Association of India.
e) The company must sign an undertaking
for adherence to sustainable practices and
Adventure Tour operators protection of environment in keeping
a) The operator should have a minimum with guidelines for ecotourism and safety
of three qualified staff. The owner of guidelines of Ministry of Tourism /
the firm could be included as one of the Adventure Tour Operator Association of
qualified employees. Either, the Owner India.
/ Director or their Operations - Chief f) The company must maintain in its office
should be well qualified in the activity the premises all the maps and reference material.
adventure operator wants to pursue, which is
determined by certification by any national g) The company must have printed
or international institute in the activity brochure or website clearly describing its i)
or minimum of three years of practical present activities (ii) Its area of operation
experience. (iii) its commitment to follow Ecotourism
guidelines / GSTC guidelines adopted by
b) The operators must have their own ATOAI.
adventure equipment.
h) The company must follow a strict 'leave
c) The field staff of Adventure Tour no trace' policy and conform to high
Operator must be qualified for the activity sustainability standards.
or must have minimum of three years of
practical experience.
75
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Land based
GUIDELINES FOR
WILDLIFE SAFARIS
76
GUIDELINES FOR WILDLIFE TOURISM www.atoai.org
Introduction: Equipment
14.1 Safari now refers to an adventure tour 14.3 A good wildlife organisation/guide must
or expedition into the wilds. Safari travel often possess the following equipment:
provides revenue for local conservation projects a) Good binoculars/spotting scope.
and game parks, supporting the protection of
b) Healthy and well maintained vehicle.
wildlife and habitats, rather than taking them
out. Safaris also play an important role in c) Field Guides for Birds/Mammals/
creating awareness about wildlife conservation, Snakes/Butterflies/Insects/Amphibians etc
as well as benefiting local communities. are a must.
The modern safari is also a socially d) Good point and shoot camera (Optional).
responsible journey designed to interact e) Mobile phones where possible/wireless
ethically with local communities and have sets for communication with the main gate
a positive impact on local economies. The (recommended/optional).
cultural interactions offered by reputable safari f) GPS tracking systems on every vehicle
operators do not exploit local people. The local entering the park (preferable).
communities benefit from sustainable tourism
through employment and financial gains from 14.4 Inspection &
selling goods and services (dance performances, Maintenance Procedures
guided trips and resource management etc). a) Check tyre pressure before every safari
Some safari companies directly support social session.
up liftment projects whilst others make use of
lodges, reserves and other establishments that b) Sufficient fuel in the vehicle.
assist local communities. c) Check for ample brake fluid and coolant
in the vehicle.
14.2 Guides/ Instructors:
d) Regular lubrication of suspension points
Basic minimum qualifications of the vehicle.
and experience e) Binoculars have moving parts and are
Guide Training: Need to conduct regular very sensitive equipment and can easily be
Training Programmes for their Wildlife Guides mishandled. They need regular checks for
to ensure a good quality of wildlife experience fungus and parallax.
for the clients: f) Need for regular refresher courses for
a) Comprehensive syllabus and training guides.
for guides on wildlife/ birds of Indian sub
continent. SOP’s & Operating Instructions
b) Field training in multiple ecosystems to 14.5 In order to provide the clients with a
prepare guides for different locations. good wildlife experience, while maintaining a
safe distance from the animals - guides need
c) Additionally we must provide vernacular a training programme. Some of the most
medium literature for local guide. important areas that need to be covered include:
d) Need to understand safe distance a) Weather/ climate briefing: Before setting
necessary to be maintained to prevent off on a Safari, the guide must provide
animal charge. the client sufficient brief on the expected
e) Emergency manoeuvres in case of a heat/ cold/ rain etc during the trip and to
charge by an animal. be prepared for personal and equipment
f) First Aid and CPR training / certification protection.
is a must for wildlife guides. b) Garbage is one of the most dangerous
problems created by Wildlife Tourism.
77
Empty chips wrappers are salt laced but j) Using horns/any loud behaviour is strictly
the animals are unable to lick the salts prohibited in the parks.
from inside of the wrappers. Hence the k) A strict ‘leave no trace’ policy has to be
packets are swallowed by animals leading to followed in all parks.
chocking and death.
c) Maintenance of vehicles is extremely 14.6 Documentation
important. This kind of tourism takes a) Naturalist/safari guides should document
clients into remote areas where access and safari sightings. Any illegal activity on the
communication can be a major issue in case safari routes should be reported at the gate/
of a breakdown. Walking back is not an to the park authorities in writing.
option. b) Vehicle maintenance logbook to be
d) Knowledge and experience of the maintained for each vehicle.
guides can often become a limiting factor in c) Pollution under control certification of
providing the clients with a good experience. each vehicle should be compulsory for all
Resorts must invest in good Guides/ vehicles entering the park.
Naturalists.
e) Interpretation: On return from the Safari,
the Resort Guide/Naturalist must ensure a) Wildlife Tourism can bring in clients
a good post trail de-brief to provide the who are unfit/ or allergic to certain weather
tourists with a good experience. Resorts/ conditions. Brief medical condition of the
campsites must also invest in a good library client should be known with very specific
with field guides and interpretation material. instructions to carry the necessary medicines
– owing to the paucity of good medical help
f) Collecting souvenirs like antlers, feathers,
in close proximity to wilderness areas.
bones, shells and plant parts is illegal and
a punishable offence. Guides should not
succumb to client pressure to provide these
materials.
g) Sighting a tiger in the forest is an
extremely exciting activity. However, the
tiger is not too amused. Guides should
ensure adherence to the 5 minute sighting/
photography rule and should move the
vehicle away to allow other vehicles to see
and move away too.
h) Sight of nesting birds is uncommon.
However, we must understand that this is a
very sensitive period for the bird. They can
be threatened by our very presence. At such
times, extreme care needs to be taken while
photographing bird activity. Photographing
birds on their nests is absolutely not
permitted.
i) Appropriate distance to be maintained
between vehicles and safe distance from
respective animals should be adhered to at
all times (about 10 meters distance from the
animals).
78
b) Wild animals are unpredictable. But Emergencies & Rescues

certain situations can easily be prevented: 14.8 All resort staff / safari guides must be
i) Coming too close to animals is aware of the nearest medical facility and the
dangerous. evacuation means.
ii) Mothers with young ones are easily a) Guides must know and be certified in
provoked. First Aid/CPR.
iii) Use of flash can anger even the most b) Emergencies could most often be due
docile animals. to medical condition of the client or due to
iv) Feeding of animals is prohibited. snake bite/sting.
However certain animals can attack even c) Bee stings can become life threatening.
on realising the existence of food. As Those with know bee sting allergies should
an example, Langoors can snatch food, carry an Epi pen.
Sloth bears can tear into tents in search d) Sun stroke and other weather related
of food and Elephant’s simple reactions situations can get aggravated on long
to food can cause severe damage. Food exposure.
must be very carefully handled.
v) Handling snakes is dangerous. Safety briefing
This must be done only by a trained 14.9 Briefings for a good wildlife experience
handler. However in a situation where should include the following:
there is no such handler, care must a) Appropriate dress for the season and
be taken to provide the snake with an camouflage. Earthy coloured clothing should
exit route. Identifying venomous and be recommended for wildlife safaris.
non-venomous snakes should be left to
b) Any medicines that might need to be
experts. All snakes should be handled
carried such as heart/BP/asthma medication
with due care.
/and rehydration fluids.
79
c) There are very few field toilets in India. Basic Minimum Standards
Use of bush needs utmost care. for grant of recognition to
d) No one to disembark from a vehicle operators:
during the safari.
14.11 The Wildlife Tourism industry is now
e) Noise disturbs animals – while most moving towards Environmentally Responsible
animals will shy away, some like juvenile Operators and expects certain basic standards
elephants and wild boars may charge. to be maintained like:
f) Ensuring zero garbage policy in a) Well trained naturalists/safari guides.
wilderness areas. There is a need to take
b) Must own/be in a position to hire well
back all garbage back to resort/ base camp.
maintained vehicles.
g) Need to handle food very carefully in
c) Sustainable Tourism: Responsible Waste
wilderness areas as it can attract animals and
Management plan should be in place
create a panic.
to segregate/compost waste generated.
h) Inflammable material like matchbox, Rain water harvesting in the premises,
lighters etc should not be carried inside the composting and waste management,
national park. mitigating the impact on wildlife - by
14.10 Medical concerns retaining corridors, lowering light intensity,
reducing sound levels, taking up appropriate
a) Elderly clients and clients with need of plantations.
regular medicines should be warned of
poor medical facilities in the proximity of d) Multi Activity Resorts: Resorts must
wilderness areas. not depend only on a single activity like a
Safari for its clients. Instead effort must be
b) Emergencies like snake bites and made to give them a good ‘Wild Experience’
bee stings need immediate assistance. with activities like cycling, bird watching,
Evacuation/ access to the nearest Primary adventure, community interaction, farming
Health Centre/ Civil Hospital should be and harvesting among others. This will not
planned for. Anti Snake Venom cannot only reduce the pressure on the wilderness –
be normally stored and administered by but also help the resort to increase business
untrained personnel. by increasing options for more night stays.
c) First aid kits with material like sanitary e) Interpretation: This is one of the most
napkins should be maintained at locations.
80
important activities to educate and involve d) Photographers getting too close/using

the client. Resorts/Campsites must invest in flash.
well trained guides Equipment
f) Supporting local population and economy: a) Inappropriate clothing.
Resorts/Campsites must be able to employ
b) Lacking water bottles.
and capacity build local population to
benefit from tourism. It is recommended c) Vehicle breaking down.
that as far as possible the purchasing policy Environment
must be a ‘Buy Local’ policy. It supports the a) Heat/Cold.
local economy and resorts can provide their
b) Rough weather.
clients with a realistic local experience. Also
importantly, it reduces the environmental 14.13 Risk Management Strategy
cost of food material due to transportation. Normal Operation - People
Resorts/campsites must support local
a) Explain that if tourists are hyper active -
dairy/poultry/manure/nursery/handicraft/
they will lose the privilege of Safari and the
artisans. Resorts/camps to coordinate
vehicle turns back.
promotion of conservation locally through
interaction with school students/local b) Ensure that tourists do not jump out of
Panchayat. the vehicle of make collections.
Normal Operation - Equipment
g) CSR Activity: Resorts/ Campsites
should be supportive of the local needs of a) Confirm that clients are carrying water and
education, medical and sporting activities. light snacks. Are appropriately dressed with
cap/hat.
h) The company must follow a strict 'leave
no trace' policy and conform to high b) Participants should dress up for the
sustainability standards. season.
Normal Operation - Environment
14.12 RISK ANALYSIS AND
a) Check for condition of vehicle.
MANAGEMENT PROCESS
ACTIVITY/ SITUATION: Wildlife Safaris Emergency
Risks a) Know where the nearest hospital is, ensure
that the guide knows basic first aid.
Accident, injury other forms loss:
b) A vehicle on call for emergency evacuation
a) Dehydration.
should be available.
b) Sunburn/ Heat stroke.
c) Injury/bruises/lacerations. 14.14 GUIDELINES RECOMMENDED
d) Animal attack. a) Areas with tigress with cubs need to be
avoided.
CAUSAL FACTORS
Hazards, perils, dangers b) Never approach elephants too close.
People c) Photographing birds on nest to be totally
avoided .
a) Participants getting hyper active on the
safari vehicle. 14.15 SKILLS REQUIRED BY STAFF
b) Making noise and displaying aggressive a) Thorough knowledge of wildlife and
behaviour. terrain
c) Not carrying enough water, sunscreen, b) Driver to be able to undertake minor
hat or appropriate clothing to protect from repairs of the vehicle
weather.
81
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Land based
GUIDELINES FOR
ZIP WIRES & HIGH
ROPES COURSES
82
GUIDELINES FOR ZIP WIRES & HIGH ROPES COURSES www.atoai.org
Introduction h) Recent surgery/hospitalization.

15.1 All owners & operators of Zip Wire and i) Any other ailments of a serious nature.
High Ropes Courses should aspire to install j) Pregnancy (expecting mothers should not
and operate their courses to the following participate in the activity).
European Standard: EN 15567:2015 (Sports
and recreational facilities – Ropes courses: Guides
Part 1: Construction and safety requirements; 15.4 It is vital that any guides or instructors
Part 2: Operation requirements). What follows involved in high ropes and zip wire courses
is an abridged version of these standards. have the right combination of training and
15.2 High ropes and zip wire courses involve experience to carry out the following tasks:
participants engaged in activities while attached a) Provide participants with the information
to ropes or cables more than 1.0m above required to ensure that the equipment and
ground level. A zip wire is defined as an activity elements are used correctly.
system or ropes course in which the participant b) Check that participants use the right
glides under gravity in a sloping direction. Both equipment.
high ropes and zip wire courses are distinct
c) Assess a participant’s self-sufficiency on a
from playground equipment in that they have
high ropes or zip wire test course.
restricted access and require supervision.
d) Ensure that the operator’s safety
15.3 Such activities involve risks that
instructions are complied with.
should be managed by the operators. This is
achieved through careful supervision, training, e) Carry out a mid-span rescue, safely
instruction & information. On the basis bringing a participant back to the ground
of a risk assessment, operators should take within 30 minutes; or alert an onsite rescuer
reasonably practicable measures to ensure the if required.
safety of participants, including safety devices f) Provide assistance to participants.
and protocols designed to limit the risk or g) Provide participants with First Aid,
consequences of falls or collisions. However, it including stretcher evacuation if required.
should be understood that such risks cannot be
eliminated altogether. Training
Medical concerns: High ropes and zip wire 15.5 As a basic minimum, all high ropes and
courses should only be undertaken by those zip wire courses should have guides trained to
who are physically and mentally able to comply the following level:
with the safety requirements specified by a) All guides to be trained in First Aid
the operator. Participants must get a medical / CPR course, provided by a reputable
opinion from a qualified doctor clearing them organization approved by ATOAI.
for participating in high ropes/ zip wires
b) All guides to be trained in basic high
activity, in case any of the following concerns
ropes and / or zip wire operations – in
are highlighted:
house training, to a standard approved by
a) Asthma (must carry inhalers). ATOAI.
b) High Blood Pressure. c) Guide competence in all safety critical
c) Heart disease or recent roles validated via regular assessment,
open heart surgery. containing clearly defined pass and fail
d) Diabetes. criteria, by a senior instructor.
e) Knee related problems. d) Regular field monitoring to assess guide
competence with participants while not
f) Spinal issues.
under direct supervision.
g) Severe allergies.
83
e) At least one guide per course to be

rescue trained and assessed as capable
of conducting a mid-span rescue, safely
bringing a participant back to the ground
within 30 minutes.
The manager and/or senior instructor to have;
a) a minimum of 2 years’ experience as a
full-time guide on a high ropes or zip wire
course.
b) an advanced first aid/ CPR qualification
above that of an 8 hour course.
c) adequate training and assessment to
validate their competence in a senior role. (generated by a falling participant) shall not
exceed 6kN. Installations using self-belay
15.6 Equipment – the
systems made out of steel wire rope shall be
installation calculated using safety factor 3.0 in relation
a) Choice of site. The High Ropes or to the ultimate load.
Zip Wire Course shall be located in an area
f) Support system. The support system
of reasonable operating safety; it shall be
(artificial and/or natural structure
possible to evacuate participants from any
intended for installation of activity and
part of the course.
safety systems) shall have the stability
b) Materials. Materials shall be fit for and resistance appropriate for the load
purpose. Timber parts shall be designed calculated. In instances where the zip
in such a way that precipitation can drain line course transmits loads to the existing
off freely and water accumulation can structure (e.g. building) care shall be
be avoided. Metal parts shall be weather- exercised to ensure that the existing
proofed against atmospheric conditions. structure can bear the loads created by the
c) Wire rope. Only galvanised or stainless zip lines. When rocks are used as supporting
steel wire ropes shall be used. Terminations structures the anchor pull out strength must
around trees and poles shall have a closure be at least four times the applied load.
angle less than or equal to 60 degrees. Wire g) Activity system. The activity system (e.g.
rope inspections and discard criteria shall landings, platforms, descending devices, zip
conform to ISO 4309. wires) shall be designed to accommodate
d) Wire rope terminations and grips. All the imposed loads. The safety connection
wire rope terminations shall conform to EN between the participant and the zip wire
13411 Parts 1-7. The number of wire grips shall be made with the appropriate personal
shall depend on the nature and diameter of protective equipment (PPE). Wire ropes
the wire rope and the types of wire ropes shall have no exposed broken wire ends
and grips used. It shall not be possible to within the reach of the participants. If any
undo critical components without a tool. part of the zip wire and landing area is not
Points of attachment on wire ropes may visible from the start point a departure
create local fatigue and shall be given special regulation system shall be used. Appropriate
attention during inspections. training and equipment shall be provided if
e) Design and manufacture. High Ropes participants are required to brake actively
or Zip Wire Courses shall be designed with during the descent; a passive braking system
consideration for the size and body weight (e.g. gravity, buffer, bungee, net) shall always
of the participants. The dynamic load be in place.
84
h) Safety system. The safety system can k) Personal Protective Equipment

be collective (e.g. railings, landing mats, (PPE): All participants are required to wear
belay anchor) or individual (e.g. safety PPE while engaged in High Ropes and Zip
harness & belay to fall arrest device). When Wire Course activities. As a minimum, the
participants’ feet are more than 1.0m from PPE should include:
the ground, a safety system shall be in place. i) Rock climbing sit harness.
Systems, in particular with movable trolleys,
ii) Additional chest harness or full body
shall be designed in such a way as to reduce
harness where appropriate, e.g. when a sit
entrapment of body parts or clothing.
harness is ill fitting around the waist.
i) Inspection and maintenance. Before
iii) Two points of attachment (e.g.
the site is inaugurated a competent body,
lanyards & screw gate karabiners) to the
approved by ATOAI, shall certify that the
safety system.
site is in compliance with this standard.
The following shall be carried out: a visual iv) All PPE to conform to UIAA or EN
inspection, a functional inspection, a / CE standards.
design validation, documentation including l) The fitting of PPE shall be checked
structural analysis, date and location of by a guide prior to use. The PPE shall be
inspection, result of inspection and details inspected and controlled as follows:
of any defects detected. The inspection i) Routine check – before participants
report shall be included in the operations use equipment
manual of the course. After inauguration,
ii) Complete check by an inspector
the equipment and its components should
– at least every 12 months; after an
be inspected or maintained as follows:
exceptional event; after the equipment
i) Routine visual check – before each has been withdrawn from use following a
opening routine check
ii) Operational inspection – every 1-3 iii) A personal protective equipment
months inspection register is required for each set
iii) Periodical inspection – at least of devices.
once per year by an inspection body, m) All exceptional events affecting the
to include: visual inspection, functional equipment, the checks performed as a result
inspection, determination of replacement of such events and the minimum annual
state of worn parts, inspection including checks shall be entered on the register.
manufacturer’s instructions for
n) Competence of the inspectors. An
maintenance
inspector of PPE is deemed to be
j) User manual for operators. The competent if:
manufacturer or installer of a zip line course
i) They hold an advanced national
shall provide a manual containing at least the
climbing certificate (e.g. mountaineering,
following information:
climbing); or
i) Technical description of the facility
ii) They have completed a special course
and its individual components,
run by an organisation that can certify
ii) Use of the course & marking, that the person in question has specific
iii) Manufacturer’s declaration, skills in the equipment mentioned; or
containing: the basis of static load iii) They can prove that they have at
calculation, normative references, least 24 months experience as a trainee
exclusions of liability, if any. inspector, supervised by a competent
inspector.
85
Standard Operating
Procedures
15.7 Safety brief; instructions and practical
assessment of participants. Before commencing
an activity all participants shall be informed of
the safety instructions, which should include:
a) Explanation of the high ropes / zip wire
course and inherent risks.
b) Explanation of the equipment (PPE) to
use when required.
c) Demonstration by the instructor or
manipulation of the equipment by the
participant.
d) Explanation of the safety instructions,
especially the need to be always connected
to the safety system by at least one
connector.
e) Explanation of any marking placed at the k) Supervision – general points. During
beginning of every course or action system. a rescue operation, a rescuer shall be
f) Identification of instructors and how and dispatched without any adverse effect on
when to communicate with them (at any site supervision. Communication between
time any participant shall be within range participants and the guide shall be ensured.
of sight of either an instructor or an adult At any time any participant shall be within
participant). range of sight of either a guide or another
g) Action to be taken in event of an adult participant.
accident. l) Course Supervision. Supervision by
h) All of this information shall be trained guides is divided into 3 levels:
documented. i) Level 1: a situation whereby a guide
i) All instructors and guides should be able can physically intervene.
to give a thorough safety briefing that covers ii) Level 2: a situation whereby a guide
all safety aspects and detailed paddling and can clearly see the participant and
rescue instructions in detail. This briefing intervene verbally.
must be clear, must have the ability to be iii) Level 3: a situation whereby a guide
given in English and/or Hindi, with ability is in a position to communicate verbally
to command guests for the activity. with and to provide adequate assistance
j) The principles of the various techniques to participants.
participants will have to perform during the m) Continuous belay system & Zip Wire
course shall be explained. All participants belays. A minimum of one, and preferably
shall demonstrate their understanding of two, trained guides shall ensure participants
these techniques by means of a practical are correctly attached to the safety system
assessment by a trained guide on a practice on High Ropes or Zip Wire Courses using a
zip or high ropes area. All participants shall continuous belay system.
pass an assessment of competence on the
n) Self belay & Assisted belay. In the event
test course, to a defined pass and fail criteria,
of participants being required to self-belay,
before progressing.
86
there shall be an adequate number of guides a) Date and place of inspection,

to ensure the following: b) Results of the inspection indicating
i) All participants to demonstrate their the defects observed,
understanding of the activity procedures c) Assessment, whether there are any
and safety instructions in a practice area misgivings about further use of the
under Level 1 supervision & assessment. facility,
ii) The first five elements negotiated d) Information on necessary re-
by a participant shall be under Level inspection,
2 supervision. During this period
e) Name, address and signature of the
guides shall pay particular attention
examiner.
to the change-overs. After this period
participants shall be under Level 3 Documentation
supervision by guides.
15.8 The following documentation is required
iii) For assisted belays, there shall be a to be kept onsite:
minimum of one guide for 4 participants
a) Administrative:
(at height). In such instances the belayers
shall be under Level 1 supervision of the i) Name and address of owner and
guide. operator.
iv) Children between the ages of 10 and ii) Document indicating the annual
14 shall be under Level 2 supervision by inspections carried out by an inspecting
a guide throughout the activity. body.
o) Inspection and Maintenance. The iii) List of site personnel and their job
equipment or its components should be titles.
inspected or maintained as follows: iv) Evidence of public and other liability
i) Routine visual check, which shall be insurance.
carried out before each opening. b) Operational:
ii) Operational inspection which should i) Log book containing the daily
be carried out every one to three months operation sheets (including faults
(e.g. cleanliness, equipment ground observed during inspections at opening
clearances, ground surface finishes, and closing, relevant events concerning
exposed foundations, sharp edges, safety). These need to be kept for three
missing parts, excessive wear of moving years.
parts and the structural integrity of the ii) Accident and incident report sheets.
safety system).
iii) Personal protective equipment
iii) Periodical inspection, at least once inspection register and operation log.
a year. The following should be carried
iv) Risk assessment and management
out: a visual inspection, a functional
plan – drawn up by the zip line course
inspection, determination of replacement
operator.
state of worn parts, inspections including
all manufacturer’s/supplier’s instructions v) Instructor and rescue training to be
for maintenance. Any safety relevant documented.
defects observed shall be eliminated. vi) Manufacturer’s product manual.
Specific considerations on safety critical vii) Rescue and emergency plan.
wire ropes shall be given to the potential
viii) Current inspection report.
effects of fatigue. For periodical
inspections, an inspection report shall be c) Information to be provided for
drawn up, including the following: participants and visitors:
87
i) Description of the activity and safety

instructions.
ii) Limits and restrictions for use.
iii) Information relating to personal
public liability insurance of the operator.
15.9 Risk Mitigation &
Emergencies
a) Risk Assessment. Each operator of a
High Ropes / Zip Wire course is required to
conduct a basic risk assessment, at least once
per year, according to the format approved
by the ATOAI. Documentary evidence of
this risk assessment should be kept onsite.
The risk assessment will give rise to the
Security and Emergency Plan. certified engineer must be conducted prior
to commencing operations.
b) Security and Emergency Action Plan.
The security and emergency action plan e) Periodic site inspections and PPE
shall be appropriate to the surface area of inspections must be conducted as listed
the High Ropes / Zip Wire course and the above.
number of participants it can accommodate. f) A comprehensive Risk Management Plan
It shall contain the following: and Emergency Action Plan should be in
i) Names of the rescuers and the name position and the staff trained periodically on
and address of the operator the same.
ii) Means of communication g) It is highly recommended that any outfit,
entity, establishment or company seeking
iii) Emergency equipment
grant for recognition must fulfil these
iv) Drawings indicating the emergency desirable criteria:
paths, accesses and exits
i) The entity must own specialized
v) Procedures for evacuation due to equipment commensurate with needs
injury or extreme weather of undertaking and running such an
vi) Documentation for training in operation.
emergencies and reporting accidents ii) The entity must have qualified
vii) Every High Ropes / Zip Wire personnel on their pay roll. These
Course to have a First Aid kit and personnel must carry the requisite
stretcher/spinal board onsite. experience in the activity and be certified
in First Aid & CPR.
15.10 BASIC MINIMUM STANDARDS
iii) The entity must operate with the
FOR GRANT OF RECOGNITION required permits/licenses.
a) The operator should be registered with
iv) The entity is recommended to be
the local tourism authorities.
recognized by the Ministry of Tourism.
b) All guides must be trained/certified to
v) The entity must have a registered
the standards listed above.
office.
c) Operational procedures as listed above,
vi) The company must follow a strict
must be strictly adhered to and documented.
'leave no trace' policy and conform to
d) A third party audit by a qualified/ high sustainability standards.
88
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AIR based
GUIDELINES FOR
HOT AIR BALLOON
89
www.atoai.org
HOT AIR
BALLOONING
Currently hot air balloon flights are done in
VMC conditions which requires visibility of
5 KMS. Hot Air balloon flights are seasonal
and balloon fly at Sunrise and 2 hrs before
sunset. A Hot Air Balloon moves at the
speed of the localised wind conditions.
As per existing operational - guidelines
of manufactures, a Hot Air Balloon is
not flown in wind conditions exceeding
15 knots (27.8km/h) on the surface. A
Hot Air Balloon is a very large (over 14
metres in width and 30 metres in height),
brightly coloured, - slow moving object that
maintains the same shape and size as seen
from a 360° perspective of approaching
aircraft. A Hot Air Balloon can safely alter
its altitude to climb or descend immediately
and at a rate of 1000ft/min (5m/second).
A Hot Air Balloon is the only aircraft
that allows the Pilot in Command to have
a visual 360° direct line of sight whilst
piloting the aircraft. The pilot maintains
a two way communication with the ATC,
hot air balloon is also equipped with GPS,
Altimeter and other important instruments.
Hot Air Balloons don’t take off from
airports they operate at faraway places as
allowed by the relevant ATC.
90
GUIDELINES FOR HOT AIR BALLOON www.atoai.org
Introduction Adventure Guides/ Instructors:

16.1 Hot Air Balloons work according to the Basic minimum qualifications
natural law that hot air is lighter than cold air. and experience
To generate lift and therefore take flight, hot
16.2 To fly Hot Air Balloons one must have a
air balloons employ a burner that heats the
Balloon Pilot License issued by DGCA.
air within the balloon until it becomes lighter
If an operator employs Foreign Pilots then
than the external air. The difference in the
those Pilots must have a Valid FATA (Foreign
temperature inside the balloon relative to the
Aircrew Temporary Authorization) which is
outside temperature, determines the amount
issued by DGCA.
of lift the balloon will have. Accordingly,
As part of all Pilot license requirements,
by controlling the internal temperature, the
every Pilot must be having a Medical Certificate
balloon’s flight is controlled with respect to
endorsed by the relevant Civil Aviation
ascent and descent.
Authority.
The single most defining factor of balloon
Flight Safety is the weather. From take-off to
landing; fog, rain, snow, wind, thermal winds
etc. are all key elements to consider when
attempting a safe hot air balloon flight. Before
a safe balloon flight can begin, the pilot must
always check the forecast and select a suitable
departure and landing area. The D.G.C.A.
(Director General Civil Aviation -
www.dgca.nic.in) in India has formulated
regulations for Hot Air Balloons in the Civil
Aviation Requirements, CAR Section 2 –
Airworthiness, Series ‘F’ Part XV, Revision-1,
Dated 11th November 2008 of D.G.C.A., Min
of Civil Aviation, Govt. of India and wherever
any clarification needed should be read with this
CAR.
There are two main types of Hot Air
Balloon Flight:
1) Free Flight – This is where a Balloon
takes off from one location and travels
with the wind to land at another alternate
location.
2) Tethered Flight – This is when ropes
are safely attached to the Balloon and the
Balloon ascends and descends on the spot,
with the ropes restraining the Balloon from
flying away with the wind.
There is no difference as far as the regulations
are concerned between Free Flights (without
ropes) and Tethered Flights (with ropes). All
the requirements for Operator certification,
pilot qualifications and equipment registration
& maintenance have to be met for tethered
flights as well.
91
Equipment required k) Flight Manuals, Operations manual and

16.3 Instruments & Equipment to be carried by all other relevant manuals as specified by
Balloons in flight: DGCA.
a) Hand fire extinguisher of an approved Equipment care and

type, in the main compartment carrying maintenance
personnel. 16.4 Balloons are certified aircraft and, as
b) Safety harness for each personnel on such, are regulated by the D.G.C.A.. They must
board. The harness for each person need not meet manufacturing standards and are subject
be provided for gondola or basket type of to periodic inspections, just like a commercial
balloons. Inspection
aircraft. All Balloons must be registered with
c) A compass the D.G.C.A. and its registration no. displayed
on the Balloon.
d) An altimeter
e) A rate of climb indicator. Inspection & Maintenance
f) First Aid Kit Procedures
(as per CAR Series X Part III) 16.5 On the basis of Manufacturer
g) A fuel quantity gauge. Maintenance Manual, operators need to prepare
an Aircraft Maintenance Program (AMP) which
h) An envelope temperature indicator.
must be approved by the DGCA. Details of all
i) 3 separate ignition sources inspection schedules are as follows:
j) Two way R/T Communication Equipment.
PART 1: SCHEDULED INSPECTIONS

These routine inspections are accomplished at regular, planned intervals. They consist of following
inspections:
Inspection Interval Inspection
Pre Flight inspection Before Every Flight
100Hr./1 year inspection schedule At every 100Hr/1 year of flying
PART 2: COMPONENT OVERHAUL & SERVICE LIFE LIMITS
Item Frequency Inspection
Envelope 300hr. /3 yrs whichever is earlier and then Grab Test

every 100hr. /1 year whichever is earlier.
Fuel Cylinder 5 years & 10 years Hydrostatic Test
Fuel Cylinder Pressure

Relief valve(PRV) Every 10 years Replace
92
PART 3: UNSCHEDULED INSPECTIONS Documentation

This Part contains the special inspections 16.7 The following documentation is required
considered necessary if the balloon has been to be maintained by the operator:
subjected to overheating or a hard landing or a) Administrative:
contact with power lines. Following are the
conditions in which these inspections are to be i) Details of owner and operator.
carried out: ii) Document indicating the annual
a) Inspection after Overheating. inspections carried out by an inspecting
body.
b) Power line Contact Inspection.
iii) List of Pilots along with copies of
c) Hard landing Inspection. relevant certifications.
SOP’s & Operating Instructions iv) Evidence of public and other liability
16.6 Hot Air Balloon Operations should be insurance.
undertaken with the following considerations: v) Copies of Permission from Airports
a) Operating instructions must be followed Authority and Local Collector.
as per the operations manual approved by b) Operational:
DGCA. i) Log book containing the daily
b) Flight Manual Information and Approval. operation sheets.
The Flight Manual must contain: ii) Accident/ incident report sheets.
i) A description of the balloon and its iii) Flight and operations log.
technical equipment with explanatory
iv) Passenger Manifest Sheets.
sketches.
v) Risk assessment and management
ii) Operating limitations, normal
plan.
procedures (including rigging, inflation
and deflation), emergency procedures, vi) Emergency procedures manual.
and other relevant information specific vii) Manufacturer’s product manual.
to the balloon’s operating characteristics viii) Current inspection report.
and necessary for safe operation.
c) Following manuals have to be
iii) Specification of the permissible prepared and approved by DGCA:
lifting gas.
i) Maintenance Organization Exposition
iv) Information for ground handling, (MOE).
transport and storage.
93
ii) Continuing Airworthiness b) Passenger Briefing (Pre-Inflation).

Management Exposition (CAME). c) Pre Flight Briefing.
iii) Operation Manual. d) Pre Landing.
iv) Security Manual. e) After Landing.
v) Flight Safety Manual.
Medical Concerns
vi) Safety Management System Manual. 16.10 As per DGCA guidelines all Hot Air
d) Information to be provided for Balloons must have comprehensive insurance
participants and visitors: that includes coverage of all passengers, Pilot
i) Description of the activity. and third party liability.
ii) Safety instructions. As a matter of Best Practice, all commercial
operators should expect every passengers to have
iii) Weather, Medical and Age a basic level of general health and physical well-
restrictions. being, this includes:
iv) Information relating to personal a) No recent surgery.
public liability insurance of the operator.
b) No known significant hip, knee, neck or
Risk Mitigation & Emergencies back problems.
& Rescues c) No recently broken bones.
16.8 The PIC should be familiar with all d) Not currently pregnant.
emergency procedures listed in the DGCA e) Ability to stand for at least 1 hour without
approved Flight manual including: rest.
a) Emergency landings. f) Must be at least 5 years of age.
b) Pilot flame failure. g) Not under the influence of alcohol or
c) Fire on the ground. drugs at the time of flight.
d) Fire in the air. The Pilot is responsible to assess the medical
e) Blast valve failure. condition of all passengers before boarding
a Hot Air Balloon Flight and the Pilot and
f) Contact with power lines.
the operator reserves the right to refuse any
Each Ballooning operator should establish and passenger to fly if they believe that they are not
review procedures for all possible emergencies. medically fit to fly.
Every pilot and passenger should thoroughly
understand emergency procedures. Pre-flight 16.11 Basic Minimum Standards
passenger briefing must be carried out by the for grant of recognition to
Pilot in command. operators
A monthly risk assessment as per given
a) For the commercial operations of Hot Air
Performa needs to be carried out and reviewed
Balloons, an Operator must have a valid Air
by the Chief Pilot and the owner/operator and
Operator Permit (AOP) as issued by DGCA.
records maintained.
b) All Balloon Organizations have to
Safety briefing be approved by DGCA under Aircraft
16.9 Safety information to passenger is Maintenance Organization (AMO) as per
essential, as is certain practical advice, like CAR-145 and Continuing Airworthiness
basket layout and how to access the basket. As Management Organization (CAMO) as per
per the Flight Manual, the following briefing CAR-M, Sub-Part G.
must be provided to passengers: c) If the operator is certified as an Aircraft
a) General Briefing. Maintenance Organization (AMO), the
94
Quality Manager (QM) must submit a 16.13 Documents to be carried

Maintenance Organization Exposition on Board the Flight:
(MOE) which must be subsequently
a) Technical Log.
approved by the DGCA.
b) Certificate of Release to Service (CRS).
d) For approval of Continuing
Airworthiness Management Organization c) Certificate of Airworthiness (C of A).
(CAMO), the Continuing Airworthiness d) Airworthiness Review Certificate (ARC).
Manager (CAM) must submit a Continuing e) Certificate of Registration (C of R).
Airworthiness Management Exposition
f) Appropriate license for the Pilot.
(CAME) which must be subsequently
approved by DGCA. g) Weight Schedule, duly approved by
DGCA.
e) Before every flight the Pilot must ensure
that the Balloon has a valid and Current 16.14 Flying Permission
Certificate of Airworthiness (C of A) and
a) An Operator is required to take
Airworthiness Review Certificate (ARC).
permission from the Airport Authority of
f) Pilot has to check Certificate of Release India (AAI) for each area in which they
to Service (CRS) before every flight which plan to operate a flight. This permission is
is issued by Aircraft Maintenance Engineer issued after clearance and consultation is
(AME). taken from the nearest aerodrome and ATC
g) Hot air balloons engaged in commercial authority.
operations must possess a Type Certificate b) Permission is required in writing from all
issued or validated by the DGCA or an local Police and Administrative authorities
export Certificate of Airworthiness issued in the area where Balloon flight Operations
by a country whose airworthiness standards are planned.
are equivalent and acceptable to DGCA.
c) The Operator must file a Flight plan with
h) All Balloon operators must have an the AAI before every flight.
Emergency Action Plan. Training for the
d) All Operators are required to take an FIC
EAP must be regularly imparted to pilots
(Flight Information Centre) number and
and ground personnel. A list of emergency
ADC (Air Defense Clearance) code from
contact numbers must always be with the
the relative departments before every flight.
pilots and ground personnel.
This information must be provided to the
i) The company must follow a strict 'leave concerned ATC (Air Traffic Controller)
no trace' policy and conform to high before any flight can commence operations.
e) Pilots have to request for Take-off
Log Books: permission from concerned ATC before
every flight and must close the flight plan
16.12 A Technical log in respect of each
following the completion of every flight.
balloon indicating details of every flight, like
the date of flight, lift off time, total flight time,
the places of departure and arrival, shall be
maintained. The entries in the log book shall be
certified by the pilots undertaking the flights.
A Balloon log book shall be maintained by
every operator to keep a record of the flying
hours of a Balloon and the modification and
other repair work carried out on the balloon.
95
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AIR based
GUIDELINES FOR
PARAGLIDING /
HANG GLIDING
96
GUIDELINES FOR PARAGLIDING / HANG GLIDING www.atoai.org
Introduction: 17.5 Inspection & Maintenance

17.1 Paragliding and hang gliding loosely come Procedures
under free flying, along with Gliding. Unlike All commercially used equipment must be
gliders, both are very light and can be launched inspected for fabric porosity and line length
on foot, creating a separate category of foot annually.
launch able gliders. Hang gliding started in the
late 1960s while paragliding evolved in the early 17.6 SOP’s & Operating
80’s. Instructions
Paraglider: is a glider that achieves its aerofoil a) Passenger should be clearly briefed on
structure without any solid reinforcement; from basics of flight and risks involved.
RAM air pressure between two layers of fabric. b) Staff introductions and their training.
Hang Glider: is a delta wing that has a fabric c) Passenger should sign liability release
aerofoil with an aluminium frame and inserts. waivers.
17.2 Adventure guides : Basic d) Passenger/pilot should wear appropriate
minimum qualifications and clothing that is safe and comfortable for the
task and weather.
experience:
e) No aerobatic manoeuvres to be done
Tandem :
with clients.
a) Pilots must have minimum P4 level
f) No overloading or under loading of
training as a solo pilot, achieved 100 hours
equipment.
of solo flying and minimum 100 km xc
flight. A conversion course to tandem pilot g) Should fly conforming to VFR and
must be undertaken. in VMC. Cloud or night flying is strictly
prohibited.
b) 50 non commercial flights as sports
tandem pilot before converting to h) Any incident to be fully documented and
commercial flying. reported.
c) If available, pilot should be duly certified 17.7 Documentation
by an accredited national association.
a) Pilot certification and logbook.
Instructor:
b) Equipment logbook and service record.
a) P5 solo rating on FAI safe pro levels.
c) Liability insurance, pilot insurance.
b) Worked as trainee instructor with a
d) Emergency Action Plan.
reputed instructor for 2 years.
c) Taken instructor certification from an 17.8 Risk Mitigation
accredited association. a) Operations to be undertaken at sites
judged to be safe for paragliding/hang
17.3 Equipment required: gliding operations.
a) EN /SHV/DHV/AFNOR certified wing
b) Selected sites should not have any
and reserve parachute.
turbulence sources or hazards.
b) Certified harness and helmet.
c) Life jacket to be mandatory if operating
17.4 Equipment care near water.
and maintenance: d) Wing should be inspected annually for
A logbook of equipment and maintenance to porosity and line lengths.
be kept. e) First Aid kit, stretcher (spinal board) and
qualified staff should be available at the site.
97
f) Pilots should be First Aid/CPR certified. g) Take immediate action to improve any
g) Emergency response time (ambulance) weakness in equipment or staff exposed by
and distance to hospital should be clearly incident.
conveyed to the passenger and emergency Safety Briefing
numbers available at location.
17.10 All instructors and guides should be able
h) A detailed Emergency Action Plan to give a thorough safety briefing that covers all
should be in position and training for the safety aspects and detailed instructions about a
same provided to staff periodically. safe flight. This briefing must be clear and given
17.9 Emergencies & Rescues in English, Hindi or the local language that
passenger can understand.
a) First aid and proper equipment for
stabilization and removal from life a) Passengers should be briefed on
threatening situation. equipment and clip in, clip out process.
b) Contact numbers for ambulance and b) Briefing should cover emergency
other emergency services. procedures.
c) Evacuate at the very earliest. c) Any sensitive parts within reach of
passengers should be clearly marked and
d) Get witness statements before debriefing
briefed upon appropriately.
them.
d) Essential communication terms/
e) Write your own report.
signals should be explained.
f) Submit reports and follow up on the
injured.
98
Medical concerns valid First Aid & CPR certification. Proof

17.11 There should be clear declaration of of trained staff.
medical conditions that are not suitable for b) The entity must own specialized
paragliding or hang gliding by the operator. equipment commensurate with needs of
Any flight taken with differently abled undertaking and running such an operation
passengers should be well planned, documented (specified above). Proof of good equipment,
and reported in advance. certification where applicable and inspection
All instructors and guides must be able of safety equipment.
to ensure that a question regarding medical c) The entity must operate with the required
issues is asked before the activity is conducted. permits / licenses.
It is recommended that heart patients, those d) The entity must have at least one certified
with spinal issues, recent surgery or any other and experienced person on their Board.
medical issue of concern, expecting mothers
and under age children do not undertake the e) It is recommended that the entity is
activity. It is also recommended to check for registered with the local/ state tourism
epilepsy and asthmatic patients, on the extent department / recognized by the Ministry of
of their ailment. Asthma inhalers must be Tourism, Govt of India.
carried by clients and preferably handed over to f) The entity must have a registered office.
the guide. g) The company must follow a strict ‘
leave no trace’ policy and conform to high
Basic Minimum Standards
h) Inspection of site and permission/ right
operators:
of use of site.
17.12 It is highly recommended that any outfit,
i) Declaration of conforming to flight rules,
entity, establishment or company seeking grant
risk mitigation and airspace rules.
of recognition for paragliding must fulfil the
following criteria: j) Declaration to follow existing association
rules and new ones that might be
a) The entity must have qualified personnel
introduced.
their pay roll. These personnel must have the k) The entity must follow a strict 'leave
requisite experience in the activity and have no trace' policy and conform to high
99
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AIR based
GUIDELINES FOR
PARA MOTORING
100
GUIDELINES FOR PARA MOTORING www.atoai.org
Introduction d) All testing and improvement of the

18.1 Paramotor is a paraglider powered by a self developed part of a kit should be well
small motor and propeller, either foot launched documented in a logbook, with videos and
or trike based. The following rules will apply to photographs. Once national certification of
both PPG (powered paraglider) and powered paramotors comes into force, these should
parachutes. Powered parachutes have lesser conform to the rules.
performance canopies but able to handle bigger 18.4 Equipment care and
engines. maintenance:
Paramotors: paraglider or dedicated paramotor a) A logbook of equipment and maintenance
wing with reflex foil design. Powered by sub to be kept.
350cc engine unless it has torque cancelling
technology. Can launch with trike/quad or on b) All flying activity, repairs and modifications
foot. must be logged. If there are any serious
modifications, they will be required to
Powered Parachute: Proper powered undergo appropriate amount of testing
parachute powered by engine and based on hours again. These hours to be stipulated and
trike/quad only. declared along with modification entry along
Adventure Guides/Instructors: with reasoning for the same.
Basic minimum qualifications c) Recommended service interval of all major
and experience: parts to be posted at place of business and in
beginning of logbook and strictly followed.
18.2 Pilots must have minimum p3 level
training as a paraglider pilot, a conversion Inspection & Maintenance
course to paramotors and minimum 300 hours Procedures
on solo paramotor prior to taking passengers.
18.5 All commercially used equipment to be
There should be an additional 100 hours of non
inspected as per manufacturers specifications.
commercial tandem flying before undertaking
A peer review of equipment and operations by
commercial tandem flight.
a group of peers from outside your company
18.3 Equipment required (minimum 3 people) must be conducted prior
a) EN (The European Committee for to commencing commercial operations and
Standardization) / SHV (Swiss Hang minimum once a year.
Gliding and Paragliding Association) / Maintenance schedule if given by
DHV (Deutscher Hangegleiter Verband) manufacturer to be strictly adhered to. If
/ AFNOR (French Association of assembled equipment then schedule should
Normalization) certified wing and reserve match that of known producers / conducted at
parachute. shorter intervals.
b) A motor/trike set either from a well 18.6 SOPs & Operating

known company having sold more than 100 Instructions
units and been in the market for more than a) Passenger should be clearly briefed on
2 years. basics of flight covering risks and staff
c) If fully or partly self fabricated, a introductions and training.
minimum testing for 200 hours or one b) Passenger should sign liability release
year whichever is less ( this must be non waiver.
commercial flying) before any commercial
flying. Self developed parts of unit should c) Passenger /pilot should wear appropriate
be presented to peers for review. clothing that is safe and comfortable for the
task and weather.
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GUIDELINES FOR PARA MOTORING www.atoai.org
d) No aerobatic maneuvers to be done c) Get witness statements before debriefing

below 600 ft AGL. them.
e) No overloading or underloading of d) Write your own report.
equipment. e) Submit reports and follow up on injured.
f) Should fly conforming to VFR and in f) Take action to improve on any weakness in
VMC. No cloud or night flying allowed. equipment or staff exposed by incident.
g) Any incident to be fully documented and
reported. 18.10 Safety briefing
a) Passengers should be briefed on
18.7 Documentation equipment and clip in, clip out process.
a) Pilot certifications and logbook. b) Briefing should cover emergency
b) Equipment logbook and service record. procedures.
c) Liability cover when and where available. c) Any sensitive parts within reach of
d) Emergency Action Plan. passengers should be clearly marked and
18.8 Risk Mitigation d) Essential communication terms/signals
a) Operations to be undertaken at sites should be explained.
judged to be safe for paramotoring
operations. Medical concerns
b) Paramotoring sites should not have any 18.11 There should be clear declarations of
turbulence sources or hazards. what medical conditions are not suitable for
sport. Any flight taken with differently abled
c) Life jacket to be mandatory if operating
passengers should be well planned, documented
near water. In such cases, equipment should
and reported in advance. A formal clearance
have flotation attached.
taken from association in charge if there is one.
d) Wing should be inspected annually for
porosity and line lengths 18.12 Basic Minimum Standards
e) Motor should be serviced regularly, as per for grant of recognition to
the manufacturer’s specifications. operators
f) First Aid kit, stretcher ( spinal board ) and a) Registration with local tourism department
qualified staff should be available at the site. recommended.
g) Pilots should be First Aid /CPR certified b) Registration with association controlling
the sport if any.
h) Emergency response time (ambulance)
and distance to hospital should be clearly c) Proof of trained staff
conveyed to passenger and emergency d) Proof of good equipment, certification
numbers available at location. where applicable and inspection of rest of
i) A detailed Emergency Action Plan should the equipment
be in position and training for the same e) Inspection of site and right of use of site.
provided periodically. f) Declaration of conforming to flight rules,
18.9 Emergencies & Rescues risk mitigation and airspace rules.
a) Immediate first aid and stabilization and g) Declaration to follow existing association
removal from life threatening situation. rules and new ones that might be introduced.
b) Contact ambulance and other emergency h) The company must follow a strict 'leave
services and evacuate at the very earliest no trace' policy and conform to high
102
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AIR based
GUIDELINES FOR
PARASAILING
103
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Introduction: Inspection & Maintenance

19.1 Parasailing, also known as parascending, Procedures
or parakiting, is a recreational kiting activity 19.5 All commercially used equipment must be
where a person is towed behind a vehicle inspected annually.
(usually a boat) while attached to a specially
designed canopy wing known as a parasail 19.6 SOP’s & Operating
wing. On land or over water the manned kite’s Instructions
moving anchor may be a car, truck, or boat; a) Passenger should be clearly briefed
parasailing just by kiting in heavy winds is on basics of flight covering risks, staff
highly discouraged. The boat then drives off, introductions and training.
carrying the parascender or wing and person b) Passengers should sign liability release
into the air. If the boat is powerful enough, waiver.
two or three people can parasail behind it at
the same time. The parascender has little or no c) Passenger/pilot should wear appropriate
control over the parachute. clothing that is safe and comfortable for the
task and weather.
19.2 Basic minimum d) No aerobatic manoeuvres to be done
qualifications and experience: with clients.
a) Parasail Drivers/Instructors must be e) No overloading or under loading of
highly experienced and have certification equipment.
from a recognised National or International
f) Should fly conforming to VFR and
body.
in VMC. Cloud or night flying is strictly
b) They should have valid FA/CPR prohibited.
certification.
g) Any incident to be fully documented and
19.3 Equipment required : reported.
a) Parasail wings must have APCUL 19.7 Documentation
(Association des Constructeurs de
a) Certification and logbook.
Parapente Ultra Legers), DHV (Deutscher
Hangegleiter Verband), CEN (European b) Equipment logbook and service record.
Committee for Standardization) or any c) Liability cover when and where available.
certification recognised by FAI (Fédération d) Emergency Action Plan.
Aéronautique Internationale). Such
certification should be stitched on the wing 19.8 Risk Mitigation
and visible for inspection. Harness should a) Operations to be undertaken at sites
also be certified. judged to be safe for parasailing operations.
b) If operating over water, a proper b) Selected sites should not have any
floatation device is to be used. turbulence sources or hazards.
c) If operating over ground a certified c) Life jacket to be mandatory if operating
helmet, knee and elbow protection must be near water.
used. d) Parasail should be inspected annually.
Equipment care e) First Aid kit, stretcher (spinal board) and
and maintenance qualified staff should be available at the site.
19.4 A logbook of equipment and equipment f) Pilots should be First Aid /CPR certified.
maintenance to be kept. g) Emergency response time (ambulance)
and distance to hospital should be clearly
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GUIDELINES FOR PARASAILING www.atoai.org
conveyed to passengers and emergency is asked before the activity is conducted. It is

numbers available at location. recommended that heart patients, those with
h) A detailed Emergency Action Plan spinal issues, recent surgery or any other medical
should be in position and training for the issue of concern, expecting mothers and under
same provided to staff periodically. age children do not undertake the activity. It is
also recommended to check for epilepsy and
19.9 Emergencies & Rescues asthmatic patients, on extent of ailment.
a) Immediate first aid and proper equipment
Basic Minimum Standards
for stabilization and removal from life
threatening situation. for grant of recognition to
operators:
b) Contact numbers for ambulance and
other emergency services and evacuate at 19.12 It is highly recommended that any outfit,
the very earliest. entity, establishment or company seeking grant
of recognition for parasailing must fulfil the
c) Get witness statements before debriefing
following criteria:
them.
a) The entity must have qualified personnel
d) Write your own report.
e) Submit report and follow up on injured. their pay roll. These personnel must carry the
f) Take immediate action to improve on any requisite experience in the activity and have
weakness in equipment or staff exposed by valid First Aid & CPR certification. Proof of
incident. trained staff.
b) The entity must own specialized
19.10 Safety Briefing
equipment commensurate with needs of
All instructors and guides should be able to give undertaking and running such an operation
a thorough safety briefing that covers all safety (specified above). Proof of good equipment,
aspects and detailed instructions about a safe certification where applicable and inspection
parasailing tour. This briefing must be clear and of safety equipment.
given in English, Hindi or the local language
that passenger can understand.
permits/licenses.
a) Passengers should be briefed on
d) The entity must have at least one certified
equipment.
and experienced person on their Board.
b) Briefing should cover emergency
e) It is recommended that the entity is
procedures.
registered with the local/state tourism
c) Any sensitive parts within reach of department/recognized by the Ministry of
passengers should be clearly marked and Tourism, Govt of India.
f) The entity must have a registered office.
d) Essential communication terms/signals
g) The company must follow a strict ‘leave
should be explained.
no trace’ policy and conform to high
19.11 Medical concerns sustainability standards.
There should be clear declaration of medical h) Inspection of site and permission/right of
conditions that are not suitable for parasailing use of site.
by the operator. Any flight taken with i) Declaration of conforming to flight rules,
differently abled passengers should be well risk mitigation and airspace rules.
planned, documented and reported in advance.
j) Declaration to follow existing association
All instructors and guides must be able to
rules and new ones that might be introduced.
ensure that a question regarding medical issues
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AIR based
GUIDELINES FOR
SKYDIVING
106
GUIDELINES FOR SKYDIVING www.atoai.org
Introduction d) Alcohol and drugs

20.1 A “skydive” is defined as the descent of a i) No person may make a parachute
person to the surface from an aircraft in flight, jump, or attempt to make a jump, if that
while using a parachute during all or part of person is or appears to be under the
that descent. influence of alcohol or any drug that
All persons participating in skydiving should affects that person’s faculties in any way
be familiar with the Skydiver’s Information contrary to safety.
Manual and all Central, State and local rules and ii) Any person participating in
regulations pertaining to skydiving. skydiving activities may be subjected to
Aero Club of India is the apex body for breathalyzer testing for alcohol.
governing all aero sports in India and is e) Winds (S) - Maximum ground winds
authorised by the FAI (Fédération Aéronautique i) For all solo students:12 mph
Internationale), the International Sporting Body ii) For licensed skydivers: 25 mph
for Aero sports, to issue FAI sporting licenses.
f) Minimum Opening altitudes
Skydivers may get licenses from USPA (United
States Parachute Association), BPA (British i) Tandem Jumps: 4500 Feet AGL
Parachute Association), APA (Army Parachute ii) All students and “A” license holders:
Association) or any other body duly authorised 3000 Feet AGL
by Aero Club of India. iii) “B” “C” “D” license or above: 2500
Feet AGL
General
g) Drop zone requirements
20.2 The following are the basic general
requirements: i) Manned ground-to-air communications
(e.g., radios, panels, smoke, lights) are
a) Compliance with Govt. Regulations.
to be present on the drop zone during
i) No Skydive may be made in violations skydiving operations.
of Indian regulations.
ii) Hazards are defined as telephone
ii) DGCA is the apex governing body for and power lines, towers, buildings, open
Civil aviation and written approval under bodies of water, highways, automobiles,
rule “26(a)” of Aircraft rules 1937 must and clusters of trees covering more than
be taken prior to commencement of 3,000 square meters.
skydiving operations.
iii) Areas used for skydiving should
b) Medical Requirements be unobstructed, with the following
i) All persons engaging in skydiving must minimum radial distances to the nearest
carry a certificate of physical fitness for hazard.
skydiving from a registered physician. a) Solo students and A-license
ii) Those with a heart condition, Blood holders: 100 meters
Pressure, back issues, recent surgery, b) B and C-license holders and all
hospitalization, epilepsy, any other tandem skydives: 50 meters
medical issue of concern and expecting
c) D-license holders: 12 meters
mothers must avoid skydiving.
c) Age Requirements Equipment
i) Skydivers must be at least 18 years of 20.3 When performing night jumps, each
age. A person above 16 years may jump skydiver must display a light that is visible
with parent/guardian consenting to the for at least three statute miles from the time
jump and present at the drop zone. the jumper is under an open parachute until
landing.
107
a) All students are to be equipped with c) For each harness-hold jump, each AFF
the following equipment until they have rating holder supervising the jump must be
obtained a license: equipped with a visually accessible altimeter.
i) a rigid helmet (except tandem students) d) All skydivers wearing a round main or
ii) a piggyback harness and container reserve canopy and all solo students must
system that includes a single-point riser wear flotation gear when the intended exit,
release and a reserve static line, except: opening, or landing point is within one mile
of an open body of water (an open body of
a) A student who has been cleared
water is defined as one in which a skydiver
for freefall self-supervision may
could drown).
jump without a reserve static line
upon endorsement from his or her 20.4 Briefing
supervising instructor. a) A comprehensive briefing must be
b) Such endorsement may be for one given prior to a tandem jump explaining
jump or a series of jumps. procedures, body positions, climb out exit,
iii) a visually accessible altimeter (except do’s and don’ts and emergency situations.
tandem students). Since the jumper is likely to be apprehensive,
iv) a functional automatic activation the briefing must be done in a very cool,
device that meets the manufacturer’s calm and encouraging manner.
recommended service schedule. b) For students under training, the ISP
v) a ram-air main canopy suitable for (integrated student’s programme) of USPA
student use. SIM (United States Parachute Association,
vi) a steerable reserve canopy appropriate Skydivers Information Manual) is followed
to the student’s weight for briefing, training and debriefing
procedures. A copy of SIM is available at
vii) for freefall, a ripcord-activated, www.uspa.org.
spring-loaded, pilot-chute-equipped
main parachute or a bottom-of-container c) Instructors and coaches are recognised
(BOC) throw-out pilot chute. and verified through the USPA or equivalent
b) Students must receive additional ground database which is available online.
instruction in emergency procedures and 20.5 Training
deployment-specific information before
a) All first-jump non-method-specific
jumping any unfamiliar system.
108
training must be conducted by an b) For progressive training requirements

experienced and qualified Instructor. following tandem jumps, refer to “Crossover
b) All students must receive training in the training.”
following areas, sufficient to jump safely: c) Intentional back-to-earth or vertical
i) equipment orientations that cause tandem freefall
speeds exceeding that of drogue fall are
ii) aircraft and exit procedures
prohibited.
iii) freefall procedures
d) Tandem equipment instruction must be
iv) deployment procedures and parachute conducted by an individual approved by the
emergencies tandem equipment manufacturer of that
v) reserve parachute deployment system.
vi) canopy flight procedures Crossover training
vii) landing procedures and emergencies a) Students may transfer after the first
or subsequent jumps to another training
20.6 Advancement criteria method after demonstrating sufficient
Static-line knowledge and skill in the areas of
a) All jumps must be conducted by a equipment, aircraft, exits, freefall maneuvers,
licensed Instructor. deployment, emergency procedures, canopy
control, and rules and recommendations
b) Before being cleared for free fall, all
to enter into that program at a comparable
students must perform five successive
level of proficiency and training.
jumps with practice deployments while
demonstrating the ability to maintain b) Students previously trained in a tandem
stability and control from exit to opening. program may continue in a harness-hold
program or must demonstrate a solo exit
c) All students must be under the direct
and practice deployment with stability in the
supervision of an appropriately rated
static-line program prior to advancing to
instructor until they are able to complete
freefall.
one successful clear-and-pull.
c) Students previously trained in a harness-
d) Following a successful clear-and-
hold program must have exited stable
pull, each student must be supervised in
without assistance or performed a stable
the aircraft and in freefall by a licensed
static-line jump with a practice deployment
Instructor until demonstrating stability
supervised by Static-Line licensed Instructor
and heading control, prior to and within
prior to performing freefall jumps with any
five seconds after initiating two intentional
non-AFF-rated licensed Instructor.
disorienting maneuvers involving a back-to-
earth presentation. Special altitude equipment and
e) All ground training must be conducted supplementary oxygen
by an instructor in that student’s training 20.7 Supplementary oxygen available on the
method, until demonstrating stability and aircraft is mandatory on skydives higher than
heading control prior to and within five 15,000 feet (MSL).
seconds after initiating two intentional
disorienting maneuvers involving a back-to- Pre-jump requirements
earth presentation. 20.8 The appropriate altitude and surface
Tandem training jumps winds are to be determined prior to conducting
a) Any Instructor conducting a tandem any skydive.
jump must hold a current Tandem license;
Instructor rating and a manufacturer’s type
rating.
109
Documentation Information to be provided for

20.9 The following documentation is required participants and visitors:
to be kept at Operations Base: a) Description of the activity and safety
instructions.
Administrative:
b) Weather, Medical, Age Limits and
a) Details of owner and operator. restrictions.
b) Document indicating the annual c) Information relating to personal public
inspections carried out by an inspecting liability insurance of the operator.
body.
c) List of licensed instructors along with 20.10 Emergencies and
copies of relevant certifications. Risk Mitigation
d) Evidence of public and other liability a) Each skydiving center should establish
insurance. and review procedures for all possible
aircraft, equipment and landing emergencies.
Operational:
b) Every pilot and non-student jumper
a) Log book containing the daily operation should thoroughly understand aircraft
sheets. emergency procedures.
b) Accident/ incident report sheets. c) For aircraft emergencies all students
c) Parachute inspection register and should take direction from their instructor.
operation log. d) A monthly risk assessment as per given
d) Parachute packing logbooks. performa needs to be carried out and
e) AOD and airborne instrument log book. reviewed by the chief instructor and the
owner/operator and records maintained.
f) Risk assessment and management plan.
e) The company must follow a strict 'leave
g) Emergency procedures manual.
h) Manufacturer’s product manual. sustainability standards.
i) Current inspection report.
110

AIR based
GUIDELINES FOR
AIR SAFARIS
111
GUIDELINES FOR AIR SAFARIS www.atoai.org
INTRODUCTION registered number is issued as also an air-

21.1 Air Safaris, are aerial trips undertaken worthiness certificate which needs to be
by tourists over wildlife areas / places of renewed annually or as advised by the D.G.C.A.
scenic beauty. An aerial vehicle could be Equipment care and
a Conventional Control 2-Seat Micro light maintenance
Aircraft, Weight-Shift Control Powered Hang
Glider, Motorised Glider, Sail Plain or just the 21.4 It is the responsibility of the company
Para motor Both Back-Pack Or Trike Version. that owns the Micro light aircraft to maintain
Micro lights provide the simplest and most the flying machine as per the requirements
cost-effective form of aerial safari as it can enumerated in the manufacturer's manual.
fly lower and slower than regular fixed wing Inspection & Maintenance
aircraft. This is further enhanced by the open Procedures
nature of the micro light’s "cockpit" which can
provide a wide degree of unobstructed view. 21.5 Quality Control Managers (QCM)
Because of the specialized nature of aviation authorised by D.G.C.A. for the specific Micro
sports, their operations are regulated by Civil light Aircraft category carry out periodic
Aviation Requirements (CARs) of Director- inspection and certify airworthiness of the
General, Civil Aviation (DGCA) in the country. Micro lights.
Adventure Guides/ Instructors: SOPs & Operating Instructions

Basic minimum qualifications 21.6 Operational manuals for all sport flying
and experience machines are prepared by the manufacturer and
is approved by the civil aviation authority of
21.2 Microlight Pilot Licenses (MPL) , Glider the country. While registering a Microlight in
Pilot Licenses (GPS) or permits to fly powered India with the D.G.C.A, a copy of the manual
hang- gliders are issued by D.G.C.A.. As per is deposited and the same is approved along
laid down guidelines, pilots are permitted to with the registration. The owner / company
carry a passenger for training purposes. After that owns the Micro light aircraft is expected to
completing Grade 12 with Physics, Maths follow the Manual.
and Chemistry, an aspiring pilot needs to
register as a student pilot. Pilot training exams 21.7 Documentation
are conducted every 3 months by D.G.C.A.. a) Registration and security clearance of the
Training for all types of Micro light aircraft company with the D.G.C.A..
is available in the country and all related
b) Acquisition, import and registration of a
information is available on the D.G.C.A. web
Micro light aircraft as per the CARs which is
site.
available on D.G.C.A web site.
Equipment required
21.3 The following types of Microlights are
available in the country. Some are imported and
some are assembled in the Country.
a) Micro light aircraft.
b) Powered Hang Glider.
c) Motorised Glider.
d) Para motor (back-pack or Trike).
After a security clearance of the owner/
company that owns the Micro light, the micro
lights are registered with the D.G.C.A.. A
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GUIDELINES FOR AIR SAFARIS www.atoai.org
21.8 Risk Mitigation 21.10 Safety briefing

a) To maintain airworthiness of the Micro a) To brief passengers of Dos and Don’ts
light aircraft as per the manual of the while flying.
manufacturer. b) Describe the stand-by rescue procedures,
b) To carry out periodical inspection, should the need arise.
replace rotables and maintain airworthiness c) Before the flight ensure liability waiver &
of the flying machine as per the manual. insurance cover are taken care of.
c) Up to date pilot training on the flying
machine and refresher training as advised by Medical concerns
the manufacturer. 21.11 All prospective passengers to declare
d) Up to date maintenance of the QCM if they suffer from any medical conditions
as per manufacturer and use of authorised that may aggravate during the flight and sign a
spares and rotables. liability release waiver prior to their flight.
e) Micro light flying is a fair weather sport 21.12 “Basic Minimum
and it is the duty of the operator to fly in Standards” for grant of
such conditions. recognition to operators
21.9 Emergencies & Rescues a) All Micro light operators are required
a) To maintain all time radio connectivity to be registered with D.G.C.A. and obtain
between pilot and ground support. security clearance prior to commencement
of any Microlight aircraft operations.
b) To maintain all flight safety norms of
the manufacturer and as advised by the b) The company must follow a strict 'leave
respective safety guideline of D.G.C.A. no trace' policy and conform to high
113
general GUIDELINES for Watersports Center/Adventure Sports Center www.atoai.org
general GUIDELINES for

Watersports Center/
Adventure Sports Center
1. The Center must be operated under the per water-craft has been prescribed in respective
supervision of a person to be designated as sections and that should be strictly adhered to
Manager. The said person should be adequately for the safety of operations.
experienced in the operation of some variant 4. It is permitted to engage duly certified/
of watersports activities, and fully understand licensed Instructors only for the training/
various risks and challenges of water-based instructional purpose. Under no circumstances
leisure and recreation activities, weather, waves, should it engage the Guide/ Operator to handle
tides, currents etc. besides being certified in the training/instructional activities.
Life Saving Techniques. He should also be
(Note: There should be clarity in the designation
sufficiently proficient in handling various types
of a water-craft Handler, depending on the nature
of emergencies.
of the participation of guest/participant. When
2. The Watersports/Adventure Sports Center the participant is passive (not performing any active
should have adequate number of Operators/ role) in the activity, the Handler should be termed as
Instructors/Guides as well as technical and ‘OPERATOR’, and in such cases where the guest
support staff depending on the scale of is active participant including learning by doing,
operations and that should be ensured. the Handler is designated as ‘Instructor’. In certain
3. There should be a minimum of 01 duly activities where the role of the guest-handler is one of
certified and licensed Instructor/ Operator/ guiding, and not instructional in nature and only to
Guide per watercraft. When the watercrafts are enable the guest to perform a particular activity, such
more in numbers, proportionate increase in personnel may be termed as ‘GUIDE’. Under no
the number of Instructors/Guides/ Operators circumstances shall the ‘Guide’ or ‘Operator’ perform
should be ensured for the smooth and safe the role of an ‘Instructor’)
handling of the operations. The requirement of 5. It should be ensured that under no
Instructor/Operator/Guide and support staff circumstances, non-licensed/non-certified
114
general GUIDELINES for Watersports Center/Adventure Sports Center www.atoai.org
person is permitted to handle the watercraft

operations. In doing so shall be violation of this
Guideline and punishable under the Law.
6. All Instructors/Operators/Guides
involved in water-based leisure/recreational/
instructional jobs should be trained and holding
valid license through a duly bench-marked
course in Life Saving Techniques, which inter
alia covers the topics such identifying/locating
distressed persons; rescue using life-saving aids
such as rescue tubes, rescue boards, any other
useful aid available during critical moments;
victim carriage, CPR, First Aid, Emergency
Action Plan, Emergency Communication etc.
7. The No Objection Certificates (NOC) and
permissions issued under this Guideline is valid
for one year. All required permissions should be
obtained every year from respective authorities
before launch of operations.
8. Considering the risks involved in adventure like as per this Guideline are in place and valid,
activities, all equipments and gears should be which should renewed periodically and as per
procured from reputed manufacturer. The the conditions of Insurance Policy.
operators should ensure that the equipments 13. The area of operation is usually demarcated
used for operations should be use-worthy and and designated by the Authorities for different
only such equipments put to use. types of activities- land/water/air- and it shall
9. It must be ensured that the participants and be binding on the Watersports/Adventure
operators wear right cloths as needed for a Sports Center to restrict the operations only in
particular activity. Loose, uncomfortable attire such areas.
should not be allowed as it would have adverse 14. Watersports/Adventure Sports Center
impact on their safety and during rescue in the should diligently maintain Pre-activity and Post-
event of any eventuality. activity checklist on daily basis separately for all
10. It must be ensured that everyone venturing activities it offers and with the countersign of
in to the water for any type of activity is the Center Manager.
permitted only after ensuring that they all wear
personal floatation device (PDF) of appropriate A.2 Rescue Boat & Rescue Personnel:
size and cloth. The boat should be RIB or suitably designed
one for this purpose and driven by a minimum
11. The equipments should be serviced 60 HP engine. The Boat Handler/driver
regularly and as per the maintenance schedule should be certified in boat operations and Life
provided by the manufacturer. The repairs, Saving Techniques and in possession of valid
if any, also must be carried promptly and as license. Besides Boat Handler, a duly certified
when needed. The equipment should be taken and experienced lifeguard and an assistant are
out of operations as per the manufacturer’s required along with fully equipped Boat- First
prescription or it is found unfit even after the Aid Kit, spine-board, rescue tube, life-buoy,
repair. rope, oar, extra fuel in sufficient quantity and
12. Boat-club/Adventure Sports center should the like. It should be anchored in the vicinity of
ensure that stipulations on insurance- firm, the operational area throughout the period of
operator, guest-participant, equipments and the operations.
115

WATER
based
GUIDELINES FOR
KITEBOARDING
116
GUIDELINES FOR KITEBOARDING www.atoai.org
Introduction independently capable of teaching, assisting,

22.1 Kiteboarding is a surface water sport leading trips and carrying out rescue
combining aspects of wakeboarding, operations”.
snowboarding, windsurfing, surfing, paragliding, b) A logbook/e-book containing
skateboardingand gymnastics into one extreme authenticated records of Kiteboarding
sport. A kiteboarder harnesses the power of lessons given.
the wind with a large controllable power kite c) A valid first aid/CPR certificate provided
to be propelled across the water on a kiteboard by a recognized and qualified provider.
similar to a wakeboard or a small surfboard, d) A powerboat license certificate provided
with or without footstraps or bindings. by a recognized and qualified provider.
(Wikipedia)
e) An open water lifeguard certificate
Kitesurfing is a style of kiteboarding specific provided by a recognized and qualified
to wave riding, which uses standard surfboards provider.
or boards shaped specifically for the purpose.
(Wikipedia). 22.4 Equipment
Kiteboarding is a young sport worldwide, a) LEI/FOIL depower capable & water
which is gaining popularity. Kiteboarding is an launch Kites with adequate stock in a
individual sport & there are no ‘joy rides’ for variety of Kite sizes to cater to current wind
novices. The sport has to be taught to students conditions.
who already have prior skill for swimming in b) Kite-Bars to match kite sizes with short
open waters. Kiteboarding operators provide lines for teaching & long lines for experienced
lessons for beginners, Kiteboarding gear rentals riders.
to experienced riders & Kiteboarding trips
c) Kite-Boards with adjustable foot straps for
for experienced riders. Since Kiteboarding is
beginners without board leashes.
dependent on the wind conditions, the location
for providing lessons should have the right d) Harnesses with safety leash & helmets in
conditions for teaching & practice. There various sizes to fit customers.
have been a few incidents and no accidents e) An anemometer to check wind strength
in Kiteboarding in India. With precaution, before commencing lessons.
awareness & strong safety standards we can f) Trainer Kites with two lines for beach
maintain minimum accident & incident rate. training
Trained manpower g) Life jackets or Personal Floatation
22.2 It is imperative that personnel responsible Devices (PFD’s) (must meet the minimum
for conducting Kiteboarding lessons are buoyancy requirement, be appropriate for the
certified Kiteboarding Instructors skilled to a intended activity, be certified/ approved by
high level in conducting lessons, rescue and life ISI, US coastguard, British Canoe Union or
saving techniques, powerboat handling and First equivalent).
Aid/C.P.R. h) If training in open waters, it should be
ensured that boats for safety / rescue should
Guides/Instructors be available in the immediate vicinity (within
22.3 Instructors for Kiteboarding should, as a visual distance) for prompt deployment with
minimum, hold the following; personnel duly qualified to operate/ carry out
a) Qualification from a Recognized National rescue operations.
or International body for Kiteboarding
22.5 Inspection & Maintenance
and a certificate from the operator that
Procedures
the individual “has experience of 3 years
in assisting in the particular activity and is a) Inspections and maintenance require
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a sound knowledge of the system and

equipment and therefore must be carried
out by qualified personnel. As a minimum
the inspector must be a qualified guide/
instructor. Basic inspections must be carried
out before every use with complete and
detailed inspections carried out on a regular
basis in accordance with their operational
procedures and risk assessments.
b) Communication devices must be carried
by Kite Instructors, helpers & rescue boat at
all times. availability of a backup boat for safety /
rescue must be available in the immediate
22.6 Operations vicinity (within visual distance) for prompt
a) A thorough weather check for current deployment with personnel duly qualified
session has to be conducted & displayed to operate/ carry out rescue operations if
before commencing any activity. training in open waters.
b) All Kiteboarding activities must begin 22.7 Risk Mitigation
with a thorough safety briefing. The briefing
a) Lifejackets: No kiteboarding activity
must highlight the equipment used, do’s and
should be undertaken without wearing a
dont’s, demarcation of the boundary for the
lifejacket/buoyancy aid throughout the time
activity, rescue and emergency procedures &
spent in water. The life jacket/buoyancy
current weather conditions. All participants
aid must have adequate buoyancy, should
must sign a liability waiver form, clearly
be fastened properly and checked by the
highlighting the risk involved, prior to the
instructor prior to commencement of
commencement of the activity. Participants
the activity. The lifejacket must be of the
with any medical condition making them
appropriate size for the intended user.
unfit for participation in the activity must be
informed prior to the commencement of b) Lifeguards: No Kiteboarding activity
the activity and not allowed to participate. should be conducted without the presence
of trained lifeguard/s & instructors.
c) Lessons should only be given to students
who have prior skill of swimming in open c) Alcohol/drugs during the activity and at
waters. least six hours prior to the activity is strictly
prohibited.
d) The Kiteboarding instructor should do
the first pre-flight check & launch any kite d) Sign boards: With rules clearly
for lessons or rentals. mentioning that no kiteboarding activity is
to be undertaken unless supervised.
e) Kite rentals should only be given to
experienced independent riders who can ride e) No Kiteboarding activity should be
upwind. conducted in the dark and preferably finish
an hour before dark.
f) Kite trips should only be organized for
experienced independent riders who can ride 22.8 SOP’s and operating
upwind. instructions
g) Kite lessons, rentals or trips cannot be a) All Kiteboarding Operators must
conducted in offshore wind conditions maintain and update a Standard Operating
unless accompanied by a safety boat. In this Procedure for their operations.
case, the safety boat must be on the water
prior to commencement of lessons & the
118
b) Besides covering the methodologies that c) A detailed and documented evacuation/

are adopted by the agency in organizing Emergency Action Plan must be available
the activity, such as assessing of members with the party along with closest available
medical condition and experience, emergency services, which can be called
procedures for conducting the activity, upon as required.
avoidance of injury, safety precautions,
communication, weather, procedure for 22.11 Safety briefing
emergencies, casualty evacuation, incident a) A thorough & documented safety briefing
and accident reporting, feedback mechanism must be given including:
the following must be included in the SOPs: i) Equipment Safety Systems.
i) An Emergency Action Plan should be ii) Surrounding Environmental
in position and advance arrangements Awareness.
must be known for medical help.
iii) Hazards at location.
Advance arrangements must also be
made for evacuation assistance in case of iv) Minimum fitness requirement for the
an emergency. sport.
ii) Advertising must give a true picture b) All the points to be conveyed during a
of all the difficulties and dangers safety briefing must be listed for instructor
involved, and avoid promising the reference at all times.
impossible. All students should be c) Instructor should collect information
sensitised that Kiteboarding is a sport, about the participants during the safety
which has to be learned under the briefing.
guidance of a qualified instructor.
22.12 Medical concerns
Documentation a) Instructor must ensure that the participant
22.9 The Kiteboarding operator must can swim in open waters comfortably.
maintain, at the minimum the following b) Instructor must ensure that the
documentation: participant is medically fit to learn the sport
a) Details of all Instructors including copies or participate in a trip.
of certifications, record of experience and c) A signed declaration from the participant
feedback from clients. is essential if there is any suspicion of prior
b) Copies of all Permits and Permissions injuries or medical concerns.
required for operations. d) Those with a weak heart condition,
c) Copies of identification documents, epilepsy, spinal issues, recent surgery or any
emergency contact details of next of kin for other medical condition of concern should
all participants & instructors. not be taken for kiteboarding. Expecting
d) Copy of SOP. mothers should avoid kiteboarding.
e) Current list of emergency contact “Basic Minimum Standards”
numbers. for grant of recognition to
Emergencies and rescues operators
22.10 In addition; 22.13 All Kitesurfing operators should follow
the following minimum standards to receive
a) Adequate first aid medical equipment recognition:
must be available with the party.
Kitesurfing Operators must be a business entity;
b) Evacuation routes must be identified the owner or employees must be experienced &
and known to participants, guides and certified in the sport. The following points cover
instructors.
119
the most essential points to be considered for c) Lifeguard & Rescue Boat
recognition. i) If training in open waters, boats for
a) Certified Instructors & Guides safety/rescue must be ensured to be
i) Qualification from a Recognized available in the immediate vicinity (within
National or International body for visual distance) for prompt deployment
Kiteboarding and a certificate from with personnel duly qualified to operate/
the operator that the individual “has carry out rescue operations.
experience of 3 years in assisting in the d) Operations & Maintenance Manual
particular activity and is independently i) A copy of the manual must be
capable of teaching, assisting, leading maintained on location including details
trips and carrying out rescue operations”. of Standard Operating Procedures,
ii) A valid first aid/CPR certificate Emergency Action Plan & Equipment
provided by a recognized and qualified Checklists.
provider. ii) Manual must be updated annually.
iii) A powerboat license certificate e) Quality equipment
provided by a recognized and qualified
i) Equipment used for teaching, trips or
provider.
rentals must be maintained & in excellent
iv) An open water lifeguard certificate operating condition.
provided by a recognized and qualified
ii) The kitesurfing operator should have
provider.
Kite kits of all sizes to suit the wind
b) Location Map & Briefing conditions in pairs & smaller size trainer
i) The kitesurfing location map should kites for land drills. Bars with short lines
be clearly displayed to all participants are mandatory for training beginners.
marking out the “safe zones” & “hazard iii) Life-jackets/PFD’s, harnesses &
zones”. helmets should be accessible in pairs in
ii) A thorough safety briefing must all sizes (XS, S, M, L, XL).
be given to all participants & must be f) The company must follow a strict 'leave
documented & key points displayed at no trace' policy and conform to high
the operation base. sustainability standards.
120
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WATER
based
GUIDELINES
FOR KAYAKING
121
GUIDELINES FOR KAYAKING www.atoai.org
Introduction i) Recreational types single and double,

23.1 Kayaking is amongst the most popular are fairly short and wide. Being
water sports activities globally. Negotiating susceptible to wind, they are suitable only
rapids, paddling in open water, lakes or the sea for flat sheltered water.
in is an exhilarating experience requiring skill ii) Touring SOTs are longer and able to
and stamina. Kayaks are normally decked and cope with estuary and bay conditions.
paddled with two-bladed paddles by paddlers They are favoured by the kayak fishing
sitting inside an enclosed cockpit. Spray decks community.
are used to minimise water into the cockpit, iii) Seagoing SOTs have performance
providing better protection for paddlers and and features similar to sea kayaks but
reducing the likelihood of hypothermia on cold without the enclosed cockpit.
water rivers. Safe use of spray decks requires iv) Specialist SOTs for whitewater and
training. surf use are available. On open water,
Training in rescue procedures is required tethers can prevent separation of craft
for all kayaks and techniques vary according to and paddler after capsize. There is the
craft type and environment. danger of entanglement.
Since it is a dynamic sport, instructors and
guides must be highly qualified and equipment f) Inflatable kayaks: Inflatable kayaks
used should be of the highest standard. range from little more than toys to kayaks
There are several types of kayaks: for use on serious whitewater.
a) Recreational kayaks: Short (about 3 23.2 Guides/Instructors
m for singles) and wide, with large open a) Lead instructors for water sports activities
cockpits. They are suited to flat, sheltered should, as a minimum, hold the following:
waters only.
i) A minimum 16 hour (2 day) first aid
b) Touring kayaks: 3.5 to 4.5 m in length, certificate provided by a recognized and
often have bulkheads and hatches. They are qualified provider including CPR (Cardio
suited to open waters such as estuaries and pulmonary Resuscitation).
bays, but not the open sea.
ii) Qualification from a Recognized
c) Sea kayaks: 4.5 to 6 m in length, with National or International body for
bulkheads and hatches, hands-free pump the particular kayaking activity and a
systems and other equipment and are certificate from the operator that the
intended for open sea conditions. individual “has experience of 2 years in
d) Whitewater kayaks: There are several assisting in the particular activity and is
types of whitewater kayaks, mainly river independently capable of guiding groups
runner, creek and freestyle - all with and carrying out rescue operations”.
spraydecks. iii) A logbook containing authenticated
e) Sit on top (SOT) craft: SOT kayaks records of kayaking experience.
are a popular choice among recreational b) Other guides accompanying the
paddlers. Recovery after a capsize is trip should be skilled to a high level in
easy; right the boat and re-board. On the conducting the activity, rescue and life saving
other hand, paddlers are more exposed techniques and First Aid/C.P.R.
to the elements and more care is needed
c) All Instructors and Guides should have
to minimise sunburn and hypothermia.
the ability to carry out the following and
Damaged or loose fittings and hatch covers
ensure that this is done before/ during the
or hull damage may allow the entry of water:
trip:
these craft are not unsinkable:
i) Ability to communicate clearly and
122 Source : 1 Australian Canoe: http://canoe.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Safety-Guidlines-2015.pdf

deliver a comprehensive safety briefing 23.3 Equipment

before starting the activity is mandatory. a) Kayaks (should be a good quality stable
ii) Gauge participant’s ability to participate craft, able to withstand all foreseeable forces,
in kayaking activity and their ability to do allow for easy exit upon capsize, footrests
the specific stretch that they are being should not allow feet to become entrapped,
taken on. should not sink if swamped and appropriate
iii) Ask participants for relevant medical for the activity).
history. b) Paddles (appropriate for type of kayak and
iv) Check environmental conditions the skill level of participants, should be able
(weather, tide, river levels). to withstand all forces associated with activity
v) Conduct systematic hazard such as impact with rocks).
management checks to ensure that c) Helmets are mandatory for all kayaking
hazards (sources of harm) are identified, trips taking place on a river (should be made
assessed, and either eliminated, isolated or of strong lightweight material like carbon
minimized on an ongoing basis. fiber or plastic, provide protection and
vi) Headcount of all participants before, coverage to forehead, temple and back of the
during and at the end of the trip. head and have a good system to absorb shock
from impacts).
vii) Be vigilant for changes in the physical
or psychological state of participants. d) Life jackets or Personal Floatation Devices
( PFD's) ( must meet the minimum buoyancy
viii)Set an appropriate pace for the group requirement, be appropriate for the intended
and take rest as necessary. activity, be certified / approved by BIS
123
(Bureau of Indian Standards), US coastguard, e) Instructor to Client Ratio: Due to the

British Canoe Union or equivalent). technical nature of the sport, it is advised
e) Throw-able rescue devices must be that the company ensure the instructor
available for immediate use. to client ratio is always 1:4 in white water
kayaking. There should always be at least
f) Safety Kayaks must be available in the
two qualified instructors on any trip.
immediate vicinity (within visual distance) for
prompt rescue with personnel duly qualified f) Number of Kayaks: There should be
to operate/ carry out rescue operations. at least three kayaks for a trip to occur, no
single kayak trips are allowed.
g) During cold weather operations wetsuits
and spray jackets are recommended. g) Alcohol/drugs during the activity and at
least six hours prior to the activity is strictly
h) Instructors must all carry rescue bags,
prohibited.
knives and whistles.
h) Client Ability: Clients should not be
i) Each trip must carry a first aid kit.
taken on stretches that instructors deem
Operations above their ability level. Their fitness should
be assessed and they should be taken on an
23.4 All kayaking activities must begin with
appropriate stretch.
a thorough safety briefing. The briefing must
highlight the equipment used, do's and don'ts, i) Sign boards: For properties/operators
demarcation of the boundary for the activity, that have access to the water/river. Sign
rescue and emergency procedures. A liability boards should be present besides the water/
waiver form clearly highlighting the risk involved river with rules clearly mentioning that no
must be signed by all participants prior to the water sports activity is to be undertaken
commencement of the activity. Participants with unless supervised.
any medical condition making them unfit for j) No kayaking activity should be
participation in the activity must be informed conducted in the dark and preferably finish
prior to the commencement of the activity and at least one hour before dark.
not allowed to participate. k) Age Limit:
23.5 Risk Mitigation i) Children below the age of 12 are not
a) Lifejackets: No kayaking activity should allowed to kayak on rapids in a river.
be undertaken without wearing a lifejacket ii) Children 12+ can only kayak on
throughout the time spent on water. The life Grade II rapids
jacket must have adequate buoyancy, should iii) Children 14+ can kayak on Grade III
be fastened properly and checked by the rapids and above.
instructor prior to commencement of the
iv) For recreational kayaking and
water sports activity. The lifejacket must be
canoeing in lakes, the age limit is 10
the appropriate size for the intended user.
years. It must be ensured that risk is
b) Guides : No kayaking activity should be mitigated by not venturing far from the
conducted without the presence of trained shore (maximum 50 meters) and by going
guide/s. out in good weather conditions only.
c) Only competent swimmers should
participate in white water kayaking. 23.6 SOP’s and operating
instructions
d) Helmets: Helmets are mandatory for
white water kayaking. Helmets should be a) All Kayaking Operators must maintain
a good fit, tight so as to not move but not and update a Standard Operating Procedure
uncomfortable with an effective fastener to for their operations.
keep the helmet in place.
124
b) Besides covering the methodologies that

are adopted by the agency in organizing
the activity, such as assessing of member's
medical condition and experience,
procedures for conduct of the activity,
avoidance of injury, safety precautions,
communication, weather, procedure for
emergencies, casualty evacuation, incident
and accident reporting, feedback mechanism
the following must be included in the SOPs:
i) An Emergency Action Plan including
rescues, evacuations and medical
assistance must be in position. Staff/
guides/drivers must be trained in all
aspects of the Emergency Action Plan
periodically.
ii) Advertising must give a true picture
of the difficulties and risk involved and
clients briefed accordingly. Information
about guides and their experience should
be sent to the clients for multi day
kayaking expeditions. with the party along with closest available
emergency services which can be called
Documentation upon as required.
23.7 The tour operator must maintain, at the
Safety Briefing
minimum the following documentation:
23.9 All instructors and guides should be able
a) Details of all Guides and Instructors
to give a thorough safety briefing that covers all
including, copies of certifications, record of
safety aspects and detailed instructions about
experience and feedback from clients.
a safe kayaking tour. This briefing must be
b) Copies of all Permits and Permissions clear and given in English, Hindi or the local
required for operations. language that passenger can understand.
c) Copies of identification documents,
Insurance cover and details of next of kin
Medical Concerns
for all participants, guides and instructors. 23.10 All instructors and guides must be able
to ensure that a question regarding medical
d) Copy of SOP.
issues is asked before the activity is conducted.
e) Current list of emergency contact It is recommended that heart patients, those
numbers with spinal issues, recent surgery or any other
23.8 Emergencies and rescues medical issue of concern, expecting mothers
and under age children do not participate in
a) Adequate first aid medical equipment the activity. It is also recommended to check
must be available with the kayaking trip. for epilepsy and asthmatic patients, on extent
b) Evacuation routes must identified of ailment. Asthma inhalers must be carried by
and known to participants, guides and clients and preferably handed over to the guide.
instructors.
c) A detailed and documented evacuation/
emergency procedure must be available
125
Basic Minimum Standards have valid First Aid & CPR certification.
for grant of recognition to c) The entity must operate with the
operators required permits/licenses.
23.11 It is highly recommended that any outfit, d) The entity must have at least one certified
entity, establishment or company seeking grant and experienced person on their Board.
for recognition must fulfill these desirable e) It is recommended that the entity is
criteria: registered with the state tourism department
a) The entity must own specialized /recognized by the Ministry of Tourism,
equipment commensurate with needs of Govt of India.
undertaking and running such an operation. f) The entity must have a registered office.
b) The entity must have qualified personnel g) The kayaking company must follow a
(minimum two full time qualified staff) on strict 'leave no trace' policy and conform to
their pay roll. These personnel must carry high sustainability standards.
the requisite experience in the activity and
Additional guidelines for Sea kayaking
Introduction e) Emergency shelter.

24.1 Sea Kayaking is usually done in bays, f) Extra clothing in a dry bag.
estuaries or the sea close to the shore / islands
24.4 Equipment for guides/
using seaworthy kayaks. These kayaks normally
have covered decks or can be ‘sit on tops’ for leaders:
shorter duration paddling. In comparison with a) Tide/current data.
white water kayaks, sea kayaks have higher b) Spare paddle.
cruising speed, less manoeuvrability, more cargo c) Towing system.
capacity, ease of straight line paddling and are
comfortable for long journeys. Sea kayaking d) Appropriate boat repair kit/tools.
is done for a few hours / multi day marine e) VHF radio or mobile phone for
journeys. communication.
f) Food and drinking water.
24.2 Additional equipment
for sea kayaking: g) Appropriate First Aid kit.
a) Sea kayak with bulkheads on both Additional Safety briefing and
ends for floatation and waterproof checklist for multiday sea
compartments. For optimum visibility it is kayaking tours:
recommended to have fluorescent coloured
24.5 Tour operators must ensure that tourist/s
kayaks and accessory equipment.
have an understanding about gear for the trip,
b) Bilge Pump. weather, tide, tidal current, wind and surf
c) Paddle float. conditions.
24.3 Other essential equipment 24.6 For multiday sea kayaking
(on a multiday tour) trips, the operator must ensure
a) Navigation chart / GPS/ deck compass. that tourist/s can perform:
b) Container for drinking water and food. a) Wet exists without any support from
c) Lighter or waterproof matches. guide.
d) Sun protection cream, sunglasses and b) Self and assisted rescue.
head protection.
126
c) Launching and landing techniques. e) Operators for multi day Sea kayaking trips
d) VHF radio communication. must ensure that necessary rescue back up is
available for the team. It can be in the form
e) Understand various emergency signalling
of a rescue boat or ground support team
devices/signals.
having all necessary rescue equipment and
f) Towing another paddler in a variety of an established communication system. An
conditions. Emergency Action Plan must be in position
g) Navigation skills. and training for the same imparted regularly.
h) Basic camping skills. f) Clients must NEVER venture out alone or
under the influence of alcohol/illicit drugs.
24.7 Briefing to keep alert Life jackets/PFD’s (Personal Floatation
for other vessels during sea Devices) are mandatory for sea kayaking and
kayaking trips: must be worn properly, throughout the time
a) Always be on the lookout for approaching spent on the water.
vessels. g) A minimum of two qualified sea kayaking
b) Never assume that an approaching vessel guides must always accompany a sea kayaking
has seen you. trip. For more than ten paddlers, three guides
should accompany the trip. The guides must
c) Keep clear of shipping lanes or cross in
have knowledge of tides, currents and wind
tight formation by shortest, most efficient
/ weather conditions. They must be able to
routes, checking for clear passages.
give a comprehensive safety briefing and
d) Turn away quickly if a vessel is on a competent in performing kayak to kayak
collision course. rescues and have valid FA/CPR certification.
127
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WATER based
GUIDELINES FOR RAFTING
128
GUIDELINES FOR RAFTING www.atoai.org
Introduction d) Helmets are mandatory for all rafting

25.1 Rafting is one of the most popular trips.
adventure activities in India. Since it is a e) During cold weather operations wet
dynamic sport, instructors/guides must be suits and spray jackets are recommended.
highly qualified and equipment used should be
Operations
of the highest standard.
25.5 All rafting activities must begin with a
Trained manpower thorough safety briefing. Operators must ensure
25.2 It is imperative that personnel responsible that clients are briefed about the appropriate
for conducting rafting activities are skilled dress code, medical concerns and age limit
to a high level in rafting techniques, rescue, prior to the rafting trip. The briefing must
life saving techniques and First Aid / C.P.R. highlight the equipment used, do's and don'ts,
Ability to communicate clearly and deliver a falling out of rafts, rescue bags, flips, rescue
comprehensive safety briefing is mandatory. and emergency procedures. The correct drill
for rescue by a safety kayaker must also be
Guides/Instructors demonstrated. A liability waiver and medical
25.3 Lead guides for water sports activities form clearly highlighting the risk involved and
should, as a minimum, hold the following: that participants are in good health, without any
a) A minimum 16 hour (2 day) First Aid serious medical concerns, must be signed by all
and CPR (Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation) participants prior to the commencement of the
valid certificate from a recognized National activity. Participants with any medical condition
or International body and a certificate making them unfit for participation must not
from the operator that the individual “has be allowed to participate. All rafts must have a
experience of minimum 2 years in assisting rescue bag and all rafting trips must carry a First
in the particular activity and is independently Aid kit, a repair kit and a pump.
capable of guiding groups and carrying out 25.6 Risk Mitigation
rescue operations”. A WRT (White water
Rescue Technician) certification is highly a) Lifejackets: No rafting activity should
recommended for guides on all grade IV and be undertaken without wearing a lifejacket
above rivers. throughout the time spent on the water.
The life jacket must must have adequate
b) A log book containing authenticated buoyancy, should be fastened properly
record of river running experience. and checked by the instructor prior to
25.4 Equipment commencement of rafting and checked
again above major rapids (grade III and
a) Life jackets or Personal Floatation
above). The lifejacket must be of the
Devices ( PFD's) must meet the minimum
appropriate size for the intended user.
buoyancy requirement, be appropriate
for the intended activity, be certified / b) Guides: No rafting activity should be
approved by Indian Standards Institute, conducted without the presence of trained
US coastguard, British Canoe Union or guide/s. No single rafts must be operated, at
equivalent. least one raft and one kayak.
b) Throw-able rescue devices/rescue bags c) Alcohol/drugs during the activity and at
must be available for immediate use. least six hours prior to the activity is strictly
prohibited.
c) Safety Kayaks must be available in the
immediate vicinity (within visual distance) d) Sign boards: With rafting rules, medical
for prompt rescue with personnel duly concerns, age limit, dress code and safety
qualified to operate/carry out rescue rules should be put up at a prominent place
operations. in Hindi, English and local language.
129
e) No rafting activity should be conducted injury, safety precautions, communication,

in the dark and preferably finish an hour weather, procedure for emergencies, casualty
before dark. evacuation, incident and accident reporting
f) Age limit: 14 years on all sections of the and feedback mechanism the following
river and relaxed to 10 years on grade II, must be included in the SOPs:
easy sections. i) An Emergency Action Plan including
g) Helmets must be worn by all participants rescues, evacuations and medical
including guides during rafting. assistance must be in position. Staff/
guides/drivers must be trained in all
25.6 SOP’s and operating aspects of the Emergency Action Plan
instructions periodically.
a) All Rafting Operators must maintain and b) Advertising must give a true picture
update a Standard Operating Procedure for of the difficulties and risk involved and
their operations. clients briefed accordingly. Information
b) Besides covering the methodologies that about guides and their experience should
are adopted by the agency in organizing be sent to the clients for multi day rafting
the activity, such as assessing medical expeditions.
condition and experience, procedure for
conduct of the activity, avoidance of
130
Documentation
25.7 The tour operator must maintain, at the
minimum the following documentation:
a) Details of all Guides and Instructors
including, copies of certifications, record of
experience and feedback from clients.
b) Copies of all Permits, Permissions and
Insurance required for operations.
Insurance cover, medical concerns and
details of next of kin for all participants,
guides and instructors.
d) Copy of SOP's.
e) Current list of emergency contact
numbers and Emergency Action Plan.
Emergencies and rescues
25.8 In addition;
a) A proper First Aid kit must be available ailment. Asthma inhalers must be carried by
with the rafting trip. clients and preferably handed over to the guide.
b) Evacuation routes must be identified Basic Minimum Standards
and known to participants, guides and for grant of recognition to
instructors. operators
c) A detailed and documented Emergency 25.11 It is highly recommended that any
Action Plan must be available along with outfit, entity, establishment or company seeking
closest available emergency services which grant of recognition must fulfill these desirable
can be called upon as required. criteria:
Safety Briefing a) The entity must own specialized
25.9 All instructors and guides should be able equipment commensurate with needs of
to give a thorough safety briefing that covers undertaking and running such a safe rafting
all safety aspects and detailed paddling and operation.
rescue instructions in detail. This briefing must b) The entity must have qualified personnel
be clear, must have the ability to be given in on their pay roll. These personnel must have
English and/or Hindi or the local language. the requisite experience in the activity and
have valid First Aid & CPR certification.
Medical Concerns
25.10 All instructors and guides must be able permits / licenses.
to ensure that a question regarding medical
d) It is recommended that the entity is
issues is asked before the activity is conducted.
recognized by the Ministry of Tourism,
It is recommended that heart patients, those
Govt of India/ state government.
with spinal issues, recent surgery or any other
medical issue of concern, expecting mothers e) The entity must have a registered office.
and under age children do not undertake the f) The rafting company must follow a strict
activity. It is also recommended to check for 'leave no trace' policy and conform to high
epilepsy and asthmatic patients, on extent of sustainability standards.
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WATER based
GUIDELINES FOR
RIVER CRUISING
132
GUIDELINES FOR RIVER CRUISING www.atoai.org
Introduction to be low quality of construction, then the

26.1 The activity of river cruises is to navigate surveyor of the construction of the ship is held
a navigable river, in a small sized cruise ship criminally responsible. Even the equipment
to experience activities and visit destinations and machines while under construction in the
located along the banks of the river. The manufacturing plant of the original equipment
ships offer facilities and amenities of starred manufacturer are inspected at each stage by the
hotels along with safaris and excursions being surveyors of the class certification society who
undertaken from the vessel. As the adventure certify the ship.
activity is water based, strict adherence to Inspection &
guidelines is required to make the activity safe, Maintenance Procedures
secure and ensure that there is no possibility of
accidents during the navigation for both guests 26.4 The class certification society and the
and crew. state waterways authority do annual inspections
to certify the ship and give a fitness certificate
Guides/Instructors to the vessel. Every five years the ship has to
26.2 The operations of the river cruise ship be dry docked if operating in fresh water and if
can be broadly divided into three heads of operating in saltwater, it is dry docked every two
Navigation, Tourism and Hospitality. years to ensure that the submerged parts of the
Navigation is headed by the Master of ship are thoroughly inspected by both bodies.
the Ship who needs to be a licensed and SOP’s & Operating Instructions
qualified First Class Master rank. He is
normally supported by a qualified and licensed 26.5 The operations of the navigation part of
Second Class Master. The ship normally has a the cruise ship is as per the operating system
Licensed Engine Driver who also doubles up set out by the First Class Master of the ship
as the engineer on-board and is supported by and for the engines and machines, by the L.C.
a Second Class Engine Operator. These are Driver who acts as the chief engineer. These are
all clearly defined roles in the Inland Vessel listed in the daily log book and each machine is
operations statutory laws. regularly maintained and overhauled at periodic
intervals. This forms part of the annual
Equipment inspection by the class certification society and
26.3 The equipment in this case is the ship the statutory authority of the state.
itself and this needs to be built as per the Documentation
marine ship building laws in the country. These
laws are clearly laid out and are monitored by 26.6 The survey reports and licensing of the
the respective state govts Inland Waterways operations by both the class certification society
Authorities that are located in the states and the state statutory authority are part and
where there are navigable rivers like Kerala, parcel of the main documentation process.
Assam, West Bengal, Bihar and UP. For a Risk Mitigation
more international quality rating, the design
26.7 The insurance of the ship, crew and
and construction of the ship could be under
guests along with, the initial design and
the survey and approval control of a ship
construction supervisions, regular annual
classification society like the Indian Register
maintenance inspections and the appointment
of Ships, Lloyds, etc. Under these bodies the
of qualified crew members forms part of
ship’s design and every stage of construction
the risk mitigation process. The river cruise
including the quality of welding etc is inspected
operator has to ensure that all shore excursions
by qualified surveyors who are then legally
are carried out as per ATOAI safety guidelines.
bound for certifying the quality of the ship.
In case of any mishap, if the reason is found
133
GUIDELINES FOR RIVER CRUISING www.atoai.org
Emergencies & Rescues Medical concerns

26.8 The ships are equipped as per rules set by 26.10 Most of the river cruise ships carry
the statutory and class certification processes, a senior nursing attendant who is a highly
have FFA (Fire Fighting Appliances) and LSA qualified first responder. Further, being river
(Life Saving Apparatuses). These systems cruise ships with access to road heads at
and the training of the crew which is part of frequent intervals, both land ambulances and
the licensing process are more than adequate helicopters can be arranged in case of an
to cater for any emergency/rescues. Being a evacuation.
river cruise ship, they are close to land and the
challenges are far less as compared to vessels in 26.11 Basic Minimum Standards
the sea. for grant of recognition to
operators
Safety briefing
a) It is mandatory for river cruise ships
26.9 A comprehensive safety briefing must to have approval by the state statutory
be given on boarding the vessel where all authority. It is also recommended to get a
emergency drills are explained / demonstrated. survey / approval from the class certification
Pictorial demonstrations, usage of life vests, society, whose surveys’ are stringent and of
muster stations for boarding lifeboats etc must a high quality.
be explained in detail.
b) The company must follow a strict 'leave
134
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WATER
based
GUIDELINES FOR
SCUBA DIVING
135
GUIDELINES FOR SCUBA DIVING www.atoai.org
Introduction g) All Dive Centers must have its own

27.1 SCUBA (Self contained underwater website as per the standards and all activities
breathing apparatus) diving is an aquatic activity that it offers should be furnished on it
that allows people to interact with the marine thereof. The fees for each type of activity, its
world. When done correctly, it is enjoyable, duration, eligibility, broad contents for each
fulfilling, and safe. However, a number of course etc. must also be uploaded for the
precautions need to be taken to ensure quality information of the Guest/trainees
in execution. h) Irrespective of the type of activity- try/
For the purpose of this Guideline, the term fun dive or training course, all participants
'diving' here is used to describe recreational should be given class-room session as per
diving only. Commercial and military divers and the stipulated course contents; and it shall
other occupational divers must adhere to these be mandatory of part of the Dive Center to
regulations when participating in their own ensure the same.
activities. i) Signage
27.2 Dive Instructors and 27.3 Dive Center requirements
Dive Masters: Basic minimum a) All Dive Centers need to be registered
qualifications and experience with the local tourist department.
a) Each SCUBA diving center must have b) All dive centers should be equipped
at least one dive instructor and one dive with pure emergency oxygen and have an
master. emergency plan ready in case of diving
b) The Dive Instructor must have a valid related accidents. The emergency plan
instructional license from a recognized should include mechanisms for:
national/international diving institute/ i) Search and recovery of missing divers
association (NIWS/PADI, NAUI, CMAS, ii) Providing First Aid Care
etc.).
iii) Transport to the nearest appropriate
c) The Dive Master must have an up-to-date medical facility
and valid license.
iv) Reporting to the appropriate
d) Only a dive instructor may impart authorities (police, navy, coast guard,
teaching & training and certify students ministry of tourism, etc.)
in courses, whereas, Dive Master to play
assisting role. Under no circumstances c) All dive center staff must be familiar with
should the Dive Master be permitted to this Emergency Action Plan and be able to
impart training. act appropriately.
e) Dive center must ensure that it has d) The dive center must have a Base Leader
adequate number of Instructors in place or manager who is responsible for the dive
proportionate to number of activities it center and is responsible for day to day
proposes to conduct, as well as the dive operation. The dive center manager must be
equipments as per its inventory. an instructor or dive master.
f) The Dive Centers offering ‘fun dives/ i) In case the dive center leader is absent,
try dives should have minimum 01 Site an assistant must assume responsibility
supervisor (EFR certified preferably a Life for the dive center.
Saver), 01 certified Instructor, 02 certified e) The dive center must have enough
Dive Masters, 01 EFR certified preferably a equipment spare parts, equipment and
Life Saver and support staff (Boat-boys) as course material for the courses being
per requirement. conducted.
136
f) The dive center must have a list of all maintained according to manufacturer
services and courses conducted, with rates guidelines.
available in writing. 5) Weights and weight belts.
g) Dive centers must have dive insurance for 6) Dive computers that provides
employees and clients, including coverage depth, time and decompression
for decompression chamber treatment. readings for all dive center staff.
27.4 Equipment required 7) Dive tables must be available
a) Diving Equipment for divers to work out their dives
manually.
i) Each dive center should have a full set
of equipment that matches its capacity. 8) Emergency signaling device –
These include: reflective inflatable surface balloon
(surface marker buoy) and whistle.
1) Air and/or nitrox cylinders
(appropriately marked and labeled). 9) Underwater flashlights suitable for
night diving.
2) Buoyancy Control Devices
(BCDs) in various sizes approved b) Dive boats
for recreational diving and with oral All dive centers offering boat-diving must
and low pressure inflators. The BCD have Dive Boat as per stipulation and as per
should be maintained according to following:
manufacturer instructions. i) It must be custom-made to suit the
3) Regulators approved for requirement of diving- number of
recreational diving by the passengers/capacity; chambers for
manufacturer and maintained placing of the filled cylinders, all essential
according to manufacturer guidelines. safety, rescue and recovery gears and
These should have submersible equipments- First Aid kit, Emergency
pressure gauges and alternate air Oxygen cylinder etc.
sources. ii) The Hull designed in a manner that
4) Masks, fins, snorkels, wet suits it has sufficient space to administer First
approved for recreational diving and Aid, CPR etc. to the victim.
137
iii) The boat should be equipped with 27.6 SOP’s & Operating
two engines of minimum 60 HP each; or Instructions
it should have a back-up engine in case
a) Minimum qualifications for
of engine failure.
recreational divers
iv) The Boat must have a registration as
i) A diver wanting to dive recreationally
per M.S Act/ I.V Act and its hull must
must present the following documents to
be of IRS approved or as approved by
the dive center:
another competent authority thereof.
The Boat should be subject to annual re- 1) Dive certification card from a
registration and only such boats should recognized agency that allows a
be used for operations. person to dive in open water.
v) The boat must have valid insurance 2) Log book validating open water
coverage as the Law- boat, passengers diving experience.
etc. 3) Recent medical form stating that
vi) The boat should be handled by a the person is fit to SCUBA dive, or if
master who is licensed and hold valid the person has medical condition(s)
certificate in Boat-handling and Life that are contraindicated for diving,
Saving Techniques. then they should produce a certificate
from a medical practitioner clearing
vii) Besides the Instructors and Dive
them to dive.
Masters, at least one person who is duly
certified Life Saving Techniques must 4) Completed diver registration form
onboard on the Dive Boat during the (can be completed at dive center).
entire period of operations. b) Supervision of diving activities
viii) While onboard, it is mandatory that i) All diving training and certification has
everybody wear PFD of appropriate size. to be done exclusively by SCUBA diving
ix) The diving shall be undertaken only Instructors, who may be assisted by
at designated sites, where all precautions assistant instructors or Dive Masters as
as per the standards and stipulations per the standard.
including demarcation of the site with ii) All dive instructors must be in active
buoys etc. teaching status with their dive training
agency, and the agency with which the
27.5 Equipment care dive center is affiliated.
and maintenance
iii) If a SCUBA diver is certified, and
a) If a dive center professionally fills cannot show proof that s/he has dived in
compressed air into cylinders, they are the last 12 months, that diver is required
not to fill cylinders that have not been to do a ‘refresher’ course, covering the
hydrostatically pressure tested in the last five essential SCUBA diving skills.
years. Dive center employees must be made
iv) It is essential to plan dives – dive
aware of this.
centers must be aware of any changes
b) Equipment and compressors should to the dive plan of the dive boat and the
be serviced annually, and it is imperative divers.
that compressors have their oil changed
v) A dive instructor or dive master
frequently so that air quality is maintained.
cannot guide more than 5 divers in the
c) All equipment must be washed, dried and water at a given time.
checked thoroughly after each dive.
138
c) Discover SCUBA Diving iv) Activities detrimental to marine

i) A Discover SCUBA Dive (DSD) is protected areas (MPAs) and protected
provided to a client who is not a certified species are prohibited:
SCUBA diver. 1) Permits to dive in MPAs may be
ii) This activity MUST be done in the required. These should be obtained
presence of a dive instructor or a dive before diving in them.
master. 27.7 Documentation
iii) The ratio of instructor or DM to a) Each dive center/office must have a
client must be 1:1; i.e. at any given time, record of each diver, including:
an instructor or DM cannot guide more
than one diver during a DSD. i) Full name and contact information.
iv) The maximum allowed depth for a ii) Emergency contact information.
DSD should not be more than 12 meters. iii) Details of dives/courses that they
d) Diving in restricted areas did (including duration, depth, surface
intervals).
i) Some parts of the Andaman &
Nicobar are patrolled/controlled by iv) All of this information must be kept
the military, navy or other government and maintained by the dive company for
branches and are off limits to divers. It is a minimum of 7 years.
recommended that dive centers consult 27.8 Risk Mitigation
with the appropriate authorities to find
a) Dive center staff must thoroughly brief
out about possible restrictions.
divers prior to every dive. The brief should
e) Cultural and environmental protection include information about safety regulations,
i) Nothing should be taken from the sea, depth limits, dive site characteristics,
and particularly not cultural monuments/ currents, entry and exit techniques,
artifacts. environmental considerations and potential
ii) Damaging and extracting cultural hazards.
monuments is prohibited. b) After each dive, a safety stop must be
iii) Divers must protect the marine made for at least 3 minutes at 5 meters.
environment and its inhabitants. Divers Divers must commence their safety stop
should avoid damaging coral and with a tank pressure not less than 50 bar.
physical contact with marine animals. c) The use of a buoyancy control device
Sharks should NOT be fed under any (BCD) is absolutely mandatory for all diving
circumstances. activities.
139
d) Solitary diving, in the absence of a dive

master or dive instructor is NOT allowed
under any circumstances.
e) Dive Centers must be aware of local
weather conditions and inform divers of
special conditions at each dive site prior to
the dive.
f) Conditions under which diving is
prohibited:
i) Dives deeper than 30 meters.
ii) Dives less than 12 hours before a
flight.
g) It is essential that divers mark their
presence clearly. Any boat with divers
operating from it must always have display these conditions, they should receive
signals (i.e. flags) by day or night to inform written medical clearance from a medical
other boat users. practitioner, allowing them to dive.
h) The dive flag can be used anywhere b) These medical concerns are listed in the
where divers are diving and should always medical statement provided by the SCUBA
be displayed by dive boats when divers are diving center’s certifying agency.
in the water. The dive flag is used to signal 27.12 Basic Minimum Standards
to boats, jet skis and others in the vicinity for grant of recognition to
that divers are below, and that they should
operators
approach with caution.
a) The dive operator should be registered
27.9 Emergencies & Rescues with the local tourism department.
a) All dive centers must have an Emergency b) The dive center should be affiliated with
Action Plan as mentioned in section 3(b). one or more international SCUBA diving
b) All dive center staff must be familiar with agencies.
emergency oxygen equipment, and training c) The dive staff should meet the
sessions should be provided for all staff qualifications required by the agencies with
annually. which the dive center is affiliated.
27.10 Safety briefing d) The dive center should have a full set of
equipment for the maximum number of
a) In addition to a comprehensive dive
divers it can service.
briefing, all diver should receive a safety
briefing, detailing where emergency and first e) The dive center should comply with
aid equipment are available on the boat. A its agency’s requirements for safety
safety briefing about the boat must also be standards and documentation of dives and
given after boarding the boat. certifications.
b) This briefing should be made in addition f) The dive centre must have an Emergency
to the dive briefing. Action Plan for which regular training
must be imparted to the dive centre staff
27.11 Medical concerns periodically.
a) Each diver should fill out a medical form g) The company must follow a strict 'leave
clearing them from conditions that preclude no trace' policy and conform to high
them from diving. If they do experience sustainability standards.
140
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WATER
based
GUIDELINES FOR
SNORKELING
141
GUIDELINES FOR SNORKELING www.atoai.org
Introduction minimum capacity of 60 HP. The capacity

of the engine is required to be higher in
28.1 Snorkeling are of two types: Shore-
order to ensure that the Boat has enough
snorkelling and Boat-snorkeling. The first one is
power to reach ashore faster in the event of
launched from the shore and the second from
emergencies. The twin-engine boat enable to
a Boat. Snorkeling is an aquatic activity that
sale the persons ashore safely in the event of
allows people to interact with the marine world.
any engine failure.
When done correctly, it is enjoyable, fulfilling,
and safe. However, a number of precautions i) Open-water Snorkeling boat should have
need to be taken to ensure quality in execution. onboard: Licensed boat-handler, at least 02
For practical reasons, the term ‘snorkeling’ Certified Snorkeling Guides (it may be more
excludes snorkeling that occurs before or after a depending on number of guests onboard),
SCUBA dive begins or ends. It refers exclusively minimum 01 certified Life Saver, 01 ‘Look-
to swimming at the surface with a snorkel, mask out’.
and fins. j) The supervisor should be a strong
swimmer and be trained and certified in
28.2 Instructors/supervisors: Emergency First Response and First Aid /
Basic minimum qualifications CPR.
and experience k) It must be ensured that the ‘Guide’ is not
a) Each resort/water sports center under stressful condition during the activity
providing snorkeling activities should have and number of trips should be limited to
atleast one lifeguard/supervisor monitoring a maximum of 07 trips on a particular day,
people. when each trip is about 30 minutes or more.
b) Should be undertaken only in the
28.3 Water sports Center
demarcated area
requirements
c) The guests on snorkeling should always
be accompanied by a trained and licensed a) All Centers need to be registered with the
buddy called ‘Guide’. It must be ensured local tourist department.
that no guest is left unattended while on the b) All centers should be equipped with pure
water. emergency oxygen and have an Emergency
d) In case of ‘shore-snorkeling’ (launched Action Plan ready in case of snorkeling
from the shore), a fully equipped rescue related accidents. The Emergency Action
boat in readiness should be anchored in the Plan should include mechanisms for:
vicinity to attend any eventuality i) Search and recovery of missing
e) When snorkeling is launched from a boat, swimmers.
besides ensuring that the guest is supervised ii) Providing First Aid/CPR.
by a Buddy, he is also constantly watched by iii) Transport to the nearest appropriate
the persons on onboard. medical facility.
f) The Rescue boat used during snorkeling iv) Reporting to the appropriate
operations should be as per the stipulations authorities (police, navy, coast guard,
provided in this Guideline. ministry of tourism, etc.).
g) The boat used for launching snorkeling c) All staff must be familiar with this
could also be used for rescue purposes Emergency Action Plan and be able to act
provided that it also fulfils the requirement appropriately.
of a Rescue Boat. d) The centers must have insurance for
h) The open-water Snorkeling boat should employees and clients.
be fitted with twin engines, each with a
142
28.4 Equipment required or other person approved by the base

a) Snorkeling Equipment leader.
i) Each center that provides snorkeling 3) First aid/CPR certificate.

activities should have a full set of 4) Oxygen resuscitation and therapy
equipment that matches its capacity. This certificate or PADI/DAN Oxygen
includes: Provider Course.
1) Masks, both prescription and non- 5) Life jackets for non-swimmers or
prescription. emergency situations.
2) Rash guards and/or wet suits. iii) The boats must be able to
3) Fins of all sizes. communicate with the center at all
times using a functioning walkie-talkie,
4) Booties to go with the fins. phone, radio telephone or other direct
5) Snorkels. communication device.
6) Emergency signaling devices when iv) The boats must have enough fuel to
required. make trips to the snorkel sites and back,
b) Dive boats/Boats used for snorkeling and accommodate any changes.
i) Boats are the responsibility of the v) The boat should be equipped with two
center and the crew. engines or have a back up engine in case
of engine failure.
ii) Each boat must have at least a crew
of 2-3, be dedicated to swimmer safety vi) The center should provide the boat
and support swimmers in any way that with a spare tank, spare snorkeling
they can. It is recommended that the equipment, First Aid, Oxygen Kit, a dive
following be present on board: flag and a boat ladder that allows easy
entry and exit into/from the water.
1) A boat driving/captain’s license
from the appropriate authority with 28.5 Equipment care
significant experience. and maintenance
2) Center staff with adequate a) Equipment should be serviced annually,
knowledge of the snorkeling location and should be changed once every five years.
143
b) Equipment should be washed, dried and Sharks should NOT be fed under any
checked thoroughly after each use. circumstances
28.6 SOP’s & Operating iv) Activities detrimental to marine
protected areas (MPAs) and protected
Instructions
species are prohibited:
a) Minimum qualifications for snorkelers
1) Permits to swim/snorkel in MPAs
i) Swimmers wanting to snorkel must may be required. These should be
present the following: obtained before swimming in them
1) Recent medical form stating that
the person is fit to snorkel, or if the 28.9 Documentation
person has medical condition(s) that a) Each center/office must have a record of
are contraindicated for snorkeling, each swimmer, including:
then they should produce a certificate i) Full name and contact information.
from a medical practitioner clearing ii) Emergency contact information.
them to snorkel.
iii) Details of activities that they did.
2) Assurance that the person can
swim and is comfortable in the iv) Medical form and liability release
water, and if not be willing to wear a waiver.
life jacket for safety. Life jackets are v) All of this information must be kept
compulsory for non/weak swimmers and maintained by the company for a
and must be checked by the instructor minimum of 5 years.
prior to the conduct of the activity.
b) Supervision of snorkeling activities
a) Swimmers should be thoroughly briefed
i) It is essential to plan snorkeling trips before each trip. The brief should include
– the center should be aware of any information about safety regulations, depth
changes made to the trip plan. limits, snorkel site characteristics, currents,
ii) Snorkeling Guide cannot supervise entry and exit techniques, environmental
more than 02 guests at a time. considerations and potential hazards.
c) Snorkeling in restricted areas b) The use of a life jacket as a flotation
i) Some parts of the Andaman & device while snorkeling is mandatory.
Nicobar are patrolled /controlled by c) Solitary snorkeling, in the absence of a
the military, navy or other government ‘buddy’ or supervisor is NOT permitted.
branches and are off limits to swimmers. d) Centers must be aware of local weather
It is recommended that the centers conditions and inform swimmers of special
consult with the appropriate authorities conditions at each site prior to snorkeling.
to find out about possible restrictions.
e) Conditions under which snorkeling is
d) Cultural and environmental protection prohibited:
i) Nothing should be taken from the sea, i) Extremely rough waters.
and particularly not cultural monuments/
ii) During storms.
artifacts.
f) It is essential that snorkelers mark their
ii) Damaging and extracting cultural
presence clearly. Any boat with snorkelers
monuments is prohibited.
operating from it must always have display
iii) Snorkelers must protect the marine signals (i.e. flags) by day or night to inform
environment and its inhabitants. other boat users
Snorkelers should avoid damaging coral
g) The dive flag can be used anywhere
and physical contact with marine animals.
144
where divers or snorkelers are diving and 28.14 Basic Minimum Standards
should always be displayed by boats when for grant of recognition to
swimmers are in the water. operators
28.11 Emergencies & Rescues a) The operator should be registered with
a) All centers must have an Emergency the local tourism department.
Action Plan as mentioned in section 3(b). b) The staff should meet the qualifications
b) All center staff must be familiar with defined in section (2).
emergency oxygen equipment, and training c) The center should have a full set of
sessions should be provided for all staff snorkeling equipment for the maximum
annually. number of snorkelers it can service.
28.12 Safety briefing d) The operator must have an Emergency
Action Plan for which regular training must
a) In addition to a site briefing, all swimmers be imparted to the staff.
should receive a safety briefing, detailing
where emergency and first aid equipment are e) The Center must ensure that none of the
available on the boat. A boat safety briefing guests would perform ‘free dive’ especially is
must also be given on boarding the boat. shallow waters as the person might end up
standing/stamping on the coral and that is
b) This briefing should be made in addition harmful.
to the site briefing.
f) The snorkeling is permitted only in such
28.13 Medical concerns areas where it is demarcated for snorkeling
a) Each swimmer should fill out a medical activities by competent authorities.
form clearing them from conditions that g) The company must follow a strict 'leave
preclude them from snorkeling. If they do no trace' policy and conform to high
experience these conditions, they should sustainability standards.
receive written medical clearance from a
practitioner, allowing them to snorkel
145
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WATER based
GUIDELINES FOR
WATER SPORTS
CENTRES
146
BASIC MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR WATER SPORTS CENTRES www.atoai.org
Introduction years in assisting in the particular activity

29.1 Water sports have become extremely and is independently capable of instructing/
popular in India. It is imperative to ensure supervising groups and carrying out rescue
that these activities are conducted in a manner operations”.
which is safe, enjoyable and a rewarding e) A logbook containing authenticated
experience for the participants. A number of record of water sports experience.
precautions must be taken to mitigate risk. f) Qualified and proficient in life saving and
rescue techniques.
Trained manpower
g) All center staff must be familiar with
29.2 Personnel responsible for conducting
emergency oxygen equipment and training
water sports must be skilled to a high level
sessions should be held for all staff annually.
in conducting those activities, rescue and life
saving techniques and qualified/certified in 29.4 Equipment
First Aid/C.P.R. a) Life jackets or Personal Floatation
29.3 Instructors/supervisors : Devices (PFDs) (must meet the minimum
Basic minimum qualifications buoyancy requirement, be appropriate for
the intended activity, be certified/approved
and experience
by ISI, US coast guard, British Canoe Union
a) Each water sports center must have a or equivalent).
minimum of two supervisors/instructors
b) Throwable rescue devices must be
monitoring the activity, throughout the
available for immediate use.
period that water sports activities are being
conducted. c) Equipment should be serviced annually
and should be changed once every five years
b) They should be a strong swimmers.
/ as recommended by the manufacturer.
c) A minimum 16 hours (2 day) first aid/
d) Equipment should be washed, dried and
CPR certificate by a recognised and qualified
checked thoroughly after each use.
provider, approved by ATOAI.
d) Qualification from a recognized National Operations
or International body for the particular 29.5 All water sports activities must begin
activity and a certificate from the operator with a thorough safety briefing. The briefing
that the individual “has experience of 2 must highlight the equipment used, correct
147
technique, do's and don't's, demarcation of the

boundary for the activity, rescue and emergency
procedures. A liability waiver form clearly
highlighting the risk involved must be signed
by all participants prior to the commencement
of the activity. Participants with any medical
condition making them unfit for participation
in the activity must be informed prior to the
commencement of the activity and not allowed
to participate.
a) Life Jackets: Water sports activity must
be undertaken with a lifejacket throughout
the time spent on the water. The life jacket
must have adequate buoyancy, should
be fastened properly and checked by the
instructor prior to commencement of the safety and support the participants in any
water sports activity. The lifejacket must be way that they can.
of the appropriate size for the intended user. ii) The boat driver must have a boat
b) Lifeguards: No water sports activity driving license from an appropriate
should be conducted without the presence authority and have adequate knowledge
of trained lifeguard/s. of the water sports activity and location.
He should have a First aid/CPR
c) Alcohol/drugs during the activity and at
certificate. The boat must have an oxygen
least six hours prior to the activity are strictly
cylinder and mask and life jackets and
prohibited.
throwable rescue devices for emergency
d) Sign boards: With all rules and clearly situations.
mentioning that no water sports activity is to
iii) The boat must be able to
be undertaken without supervision.
communicate with the center at all
e) No water sports activity should be times using a walkie-talkie, phone,
conducted in the dark and preferably finish radio telephone or any other direct
an hour before dark. communication device.
f) Assurance that the person can swim and iv) The boats must have enough fuel
is comfortable in the water. to make trips to the activity site and
g) Centers must be aware of local weather accommodate any changes.
conditions and inform participants of
29.7 SOP’s and operating
special conditions prior to the activity.
During bad weather conditions, lightning instructions
and storms, water sports activity should not a) All Water Sports Operators must
be conducted. maintain and update a Standard Operating
h) Boats for safety / rescue must be Procedure for their operations.
available in the immediate vicinity (within b) The SOP must mention the methodology
visual distance) for prompt deployment with adopted by the agency in organizing the
personnel duly qualified to operate/ carry activity such as assessing medical condition
out rescues operations: and experience, procedures for conduct of
i) Each boat must have a crew of one or the activity, avoidance of injury/ drowning,
preferably two people, be dedicated to safety precautions, communication, weather
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conditions, procedure for emergencies,

casualty evacuation, incident and accident
reporting and feedback mechanism.
Documentation
29.8 The water sports operator must maintain
the following documentation:
a) Details of all Instructors including copies
of certifications, record of experience and
feedback from clients.
b) Copies of all Permits and Permissions
required for operations.
insurance cover and details of next of kin
for all participants, guides and instructors.
d) Copy of SOP's.
e) Current list of emergency contact
numbers. should fill out a medical form prior to conduct
f) Emergency Action Plan. of the activity. All instructors and guides
g) Advertising must give a true picture of must ensure that medical issues if any are
the activity and those who can participate in discussed before the activity is conducted.
the activity. It is recommended that heart patients, those
with any serious ailments of concern, epilepsy,
29.9 Emergencies and rescues expecting mothers and under age children do
a) Adequate first aid medical equipment, not participate in the activity. Asthma inhalers
oxygen cylinder and mask must be available must be carried by clients with asthma.
at the centre.
b) An Emergency Action Plan must for grant of recognition to
be in position and all personnel/crew
operators
trained regularly in scenarios. Advance
arrangements must be in position for a) The operator should be registered with
medical/evacuation assistance in case of the state tourism department. The entity
emergency. must operate with the required permits /
licenses.
c) Evacuation/rescue procedures known to
participants and instructors. b) The staff should meet the qualifications
defined above.
Safety Briefing c) The center should have a full set of
29.10 All instructors and guides should be able equipment for the maximum number of
to give a thorough safety briefing covering all clients it can service.
aspects of the water sport activity and safety/ d) The operator must have an Emergency
rescue. This briefing must be clear, given in Action Plan for which regular training must
English, Hindi or local language and ensure the be imparted to the staff.
attention of clients during the briefing.
e) The entity must have a registered office
Medical Concerns f) The company must follow a strict 'leave
29.11 Checking on any medical ailments is no trace' policy and conform to high
a must before the activity. Each participant sustainability standards.
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Essentials
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ESSENTIALS: SUSTAINABLE OPERATIONS

During the ATOAI workshop held on 20 April from every continent. During the process
2012, ATOAI adopted the Global Sustainable of development, they were widely consulted
Tourism Criteria for adventure operations in throughout the globe, in both developed and
India. The sustainability pillar was chaired by developing countries, in several languages. They
Mr. Mandip Singh Soin. reflect our goal in attaining a global consensus
The GSTC Criteria serves as the global on sustainable tourism. The process of
baseline standards for sustainability in travel developing the Criteria was designed to adhere
and tourism. The Criteria are used for to ISO codes of conduct and the standards-
education and awareness-raising, policy-making setting code of the ISEAL Alliance, the
for businesses and government agencies and international body providing guidance for the
other organization types, measurement and development and management of sustainability
evaluation, and as a basis for certification. standards for all sectors.
https://www.gstcouncil.org/become-certified. The Criteria are the minimum, not the
They are the result of a worldwide maximum, which businesses, governments,
effort to develop a common language about and destinations should achieve to approach
sustainability in tourism. They are arranged in social, environmental, cultural, and economic
four pillars: sustainability. Since tourism destinations each
have their own culture, environment, customs,
1) Sustainable management
and laws, the Criteria are designed to be adapted
2) Socioeconomic impacts to local conditions and supplemented by
3) Cultural impacts additional criteria for the specific location and
4) Environmental impacts (including activity.
consumption of resources, reducing source: GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE
pollution, and conserving biodiversity and TOURISM COUNCIL
landscapes) In 2014/15 MOT launched the STCI
The GSTC Criteria have been built on decades (Sustainable Tourism criteria of India) which is
of prior work and experience around the what we have to follow as a country across all
world, and they take into account the numerous sectors of Tourism.
guidelines and standards for sustainable tourism
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ESSENTIALS: Responsible Tourism Pledge

As ATOAI members, we pledge to be 4. CARBON FOOTPRINT:
guardians of our natural heritage and work as We will be mindful of our carbon footprint
honorary wardens of the areas we operate in. and endeavor to offset it, where possible, by
planting trees and minimizing our footprint by
1. LEAVE NO TRACE POLICY:
using renewable energy sources, efficient fuel
We will leave our campsites, trails and areas
sources, vehicles with low emissions and by
of operation cleaner than we find them. We
avoiding use of wood for cooking.
will not pollute or let others pollute our water
bodies. We will set up our camps, toilets, 5. CUSTODIANS OF OUR NATURAL
kitchens and washing areas, away from any HERITAGE:
water source and ensure that no discharge We will function as guardians and custodians of
goes into the water bodies. We will minimize our natural heritage and the areas we operate
campfire and noise pollution impact and be in, follow all rules and regulations and respect
mindful of other adventurers in the area. We and protect our fauna, flora, avi fauna and coral
will use existing trails and campsites and avoid reefs. We will report any wrong doings to the
making new ones. authorities.
2. IMPACT ON LOCAL COMMUNITY: 6. FOLLOW STCI IN LETTER AND SPIRIT:
We will have a positive impact on local
communities in our area of operation. We will We will make a sincere effort to understand and
encourage local employment, skill development implement the ' Sustainable Tourism Criteria of
and purchase locally where possible. We will India' in our operations, in letter and spirit. We
respect local traditions and customs. will also educate our staff about the criteria. We
will ensure the safety and security of women
3. SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES: travelers, take steps to prevent child abuse
We will follow sustainable practices during our and have a zero tolerance policy for the same.
operations and encourage waste segregation, http://tourism.gov.in/sustainable-tourism-
recycling, use of renewable energy sources and criteria-india-principles-and-indicators-tour-
proper disposal of waste. We will encourage operator-and-accommodation-secto-0
other operators in our area of operation, to
follow sustainable practices.
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ESSENTIALS: INSURANCE - For Adventure & Allied Sports

While the outdoors and adventure activities medical cover (GMC) for their staff.
are an enjoyable pursuit, unfortunate incidents e) D & O insurance: Directors and Officers
can happen to anyone, anywhere despite the Liability Insurance*.
best training, equipment, infrastructure and
*Liability for all parties are explained as a
guidance. In India, where no specific adventure
separate topic at the end.
insurance policy exists, the past is witness
to many situations where such specialized 2. Adventure professionals
insurance would have been useful and
They are the backbone of our industry and they
immensely helpful.
comprise Guides, Instructors, Staff, Porters,
With exponential increase in adventure Kitchen staff etc.
tourism, especially among domestic tourists, They must have an accidental insurance
there is an urgent need for specific insurance cover, which includes adventure, or extreme or
products, to cover all parties in the adventure hazardous activities, which will protect them in
sports ecosystem. The policies promote safety the outdoors. The accidental insurance should
as well as showcase an understanding of risks provide coverage for:
involved in adventure undertakings in the
a) Death & Disabilities
outdoors. It creates a sense of professionalism
among the operators, clients and the medical b) Accidental hospitalization
service providers. Better risk management, swift c) Basic medical evacuation
action and high value financial security due to d) Repatriation covers
the coverage will lead to many more people
A more comprehensive coverage could include
venturing in outdoor pursuits with a sense of
advance treatment cover, Air Evacuation
calm and peace of mind. It’s a vital component
covers, Liability covers, Sickness and medical
of the vast growth potential of Indian
covers, advance financial covers for the family
Adventure Tourism.
and travel insurance coverage.
The insurance in the adventure ecosystem
Financial covers for the family: This is
include:
very important as sudden accident or Injury
1) Adventure tour Operators of a breadwinner can create serious financial
2) Adventure Professionals problems for the family.
3) Resorts and Hotels Some of the financial covers available in the
market are:
4) Clients
a) Children education cover
5) Gear
b) Coma cover
6) Liability
c) Compassionate visit
1. Adventure Tour Operators d) Loan Protector covers
An adventure tour operator should have one of
e) EMI covers
the three
For porters or daily wageworkers we can
a) Third Party Liability Insurance*
look into policy called Workman compensation
b) CGLI – Comprehensive General Liability policy, which is used in various industries where
Insurance* daily wage workers are employed.
c) Tour Operator Liability Insurance* *Independent guides/instructors should
Adventure operators must also consider having: also have some sort of Professional Liability
d) Personal Accident (PA) and Group insurance cover.
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3. Clients: For Accidental & Sickness

We need policies, which will protect them 360 hospitalization:
degrees. They should cover them on Air, Land, a) Basic cover for basic adventure activities
water and while on the mountains and ice. should be equal to or more than Rs.
A basic adventure policy must have 50,000/-
accidental protection or coverage for b) Medium level activities and Himalayan
a) Death & Disabilities adventures up to 5000mts should have cover
b) Accidental hospitalization for hospital treatments above Rs. 1,00,000/-
c) Basic medical evacuation c) High altitude adventures and more
serious adventure activities should have
More advance policies can have in addition to hospitalization above 2 lakhs
above-mentioned covers
For Death & Disabilities:
a) Advance casualty evacuations with air/
heli-rescue a) Basic cover should be equal to or more
than Rs. 50,000/-
b) Coma cover
b) Medium and high level activities
c) Financial covers
and Himalayan adventures should have
For extreme risk and people venturing over minimum cover above Rs. 1,00,000/-
5000 meters for any adventure activities
NOTE: There are many policies (mainly by
including trekking and mountaineering, policy
PSU banks) that are offering coverage of a
must have in addition to all of the above
single amount to be divided in either of the
mentioned covers:
heads mentioned in the policy. For example,
a) All kind of sicknesses like AMS, HAPE, policy for Rs. 2 lakhs for a person venturing
HACE, frost bite etc outdoors will have cover for death and
b) Advance Medical Evacuation cover due disability, accidental hospitalization and medical
to sickness and accidents evacuation cover for maximum 2 lakhs. One
c) Travel covers like missed connections, can utilize the same for either hospitalization or
trip cancellations etc medical evacuation or death. Now if someone
gets rescued first and utilizes considerable
For Medical Evacuations amount for the same then the amount left for
a) Basic cover for adventure in or near a life saving treatments may not be enough!
city should be of Rs. 10,000 so as to at least *Thus coverage should properly specify
offset the Road Ambulance costs. under each head, giving each head sufficient
b) For Himalayas or altitude up to amount to be utilized in case of an emergency.
5000mts, policy should have minimum In some of these high-risk PA (Personal
of Rs.25000- Rs. 50,000 to off sett long Accident) covers, a person gets the claim for
distance road ambulance cost/ Taxi or jeep medical cover only if there is a claim for the
costs. main cover. Which essentially means, if a
c) For Altitudes above 5000 mts a person gets injured and went in for treatment,
minimum of Rs. 3 lakh to 4 lakhs should his family will get the amount specified for the
be included in the policy to cover the cost medical cover only if the person is dead. Else
of Air Ambulance to the nearest medical no claim will be given.
facility plus the basic evacuation costs via Adventure Resorts, Camps and Theme Parks
foot or road ambulance. a) Insurance for the clients – basic
d) For Extreme mountaineering and Accidental covers
other expeditions, policy must have more b) Insurance for the staff PA & GMC
than Rs 5 lakhs of Medical evacuation cover.
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c) CGLI - Comprehensive General Liability inure them for tough terrains and harsh
Insurance. environments.
d) D & O insurance: Directors and It should cover loss, damage and theft of
Officers Liability Insurance. adventure gear when in action.
e) Fire and Burglary Insurance Liability Insurance:
Some of the covers available in the market are: Liability insurance provides a cover to an
individual or an organization from the legal
Standard Fire and Special Perils: risk that they may be held liable for due to
Covers your property against loss or damage negligence, injury or malpractices. It covers the
due to: cost of the legal proceedings and the payouts
a) Fire. in case the insured is found legally liable. It
b) Lightning Explosion / Implosion. excludes intentional damages and contractual
liabilities.
c) Aircraft damage.
There are many types of Liability Insurance:
d) Riot strike and malicious damage. Some of them are:
e) Storm, cyclone, typhoon, tempest a) Third party Liability Insurance
hurricane, tornado, flood and inundation.
b) CGLI: – Comprehensive General
f) Impact damage due to rail, road. Vehicle Liability Insurance*
or animal not belonging to insured,
c) D & O: Directors and Officers Liability
Subsidence and landslide including rockslide.
Insurance
g) Bursting and/or overflowing of water
d) E & O: Errors and Omissions Liability
tanks apparatus and pipes.
e) Workman’s compensation liability
h) Missile testing operations.
f) Professional Liability
i) Leakage from automatic sprinkler
installations. g) Tour Operator Liability insurance
j) Bush fire. CGLI: Comprehensive General Liability
Insurance
k) Expense incurred on debris removal up
to 1% of claim amount. CGLI in simple terms, product and public
liability insurance which is tailor made for
l) Expense incurred on Architects surveyors
an organization of any size and nature. The
and consulting engineers fees up to 3% of
policy covers operations and premises liability,
claim amount.
personal & bodily injury, advertising and
m) Earthquake. medical payments etc. The coverage depends
n) Terrorism cover. on the risk profile associated with a business
o) Additional expense of rent for alternative and the total size of the business.
accommodation. It covers the cost of the legal proceedings
(defending or investigating the lawsuits) and
p) Loss of rent. the payouts in case the insured is found legally
Adventure Equipment and liable. It excludes intentional damages and
Outdoor Gear Insurance: contractual liabilities. As per CGLI, insurers
This is a new concept, which will insure an retain the right to defend any suit against the
individual’s, or a company’s outdoor gear and insured, from bodily or property damages.
equipment. Since the equipment is expensive *Below are the extensions available for CGLI.
plus there is a surge in people using expensive Most of these covers are not part of plain
gadgets, photography equipment, GPS & Public Liability policy.
communication devices, there is a need to
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a) Act of God Perils - Compensation on m) Liquor liability coverage -

account of injury/death of guests in hotel Compensation on account of injury/death
due to Tsunami, Earthquake, Flood etc. of guest due to liquor consumption at hotel.
b) Food & Beverage liability - n) Incidental medical malpractices
Compensation on account of injury/death liability cover - Compensation on account
of guests due to consumption of food and of injury/death of guest due to negligence
beverages served in hotel. of the hotel doctor while providing first aid
c) Lift Liability - Compensation on o) Liability on account of work done
account of injury/death of guests while they by contractual employees/workers -
are in hotel lift/ escalators. Compensation on account of injury/death/
d) Other Facilities liability - Hotel’s damage to 3rd parties due to negligence of
liability to pay compensation to guests the workers/employees on contract with the
because of injury/death in other facilities hotel (e.g. cleaning, security etc.).
like Swimming Pool, Gymnasium, Spa etc. p) Liability on account of construction/
e) Valet Parking liability - Compensation maintenance projects at hotel -
on account of physical damage to guest’s car Compensation on account of injury/death/
while being parked by hotel valet damage to 3rd parties due to construction/
maintenance work in the hotel.
f) Travel of Executives - Compensation to
3rd parties incase injury/damage due to the q) Additional insured cover - Hotels can
hotel management while they travel. make their contractual parties e.g. brand
owners etc. an additional insured under
g) Product Completed operations cover -
CGL.
Compensation on account of injury/death/
damage to 3rdparties due to products sold r) Waiver of subrogation clause - By
by the hotel (e.g. food, merchandise) virtue of this clause we shall waive our
subrogation rights against the additional
h) Sudden and accidental pollution
insured.
liability - Compensation on account of
injury/death/property damage to 3rd parties s) Medical expenses clause - The policy
due to accidental pollution caused by the shall reimburse hotel the medical expenses
hotel. incurred in order to offer first aid to the
injured party (regardless of hotel’s faults).
i) Liability on account of events
The deductible doesn’t apply to this
organized - compensation on account
coverage.
of injury/death/damage to 3rd parties in
connection with events organized inside the t) Fire Damage cover - The policy shall
hotel or by the hotel. cover hotel’s liability to pay on account of
property damage to the premises rented to
j) Damage to guest property under
them (arising out of heat from a hostile fire).
care control custody of the hotel -
This operates in xs of fire insurance policy.
Compensation on account of damage
to bona fide guest property whilst under u) Terrorism legal liability cover -
recorded custody of hotel. Compensation to hotel on account of
injury/death/damage to guests in event of a
k) Liability w.r.t tours organized by
terrorist attack on the hotel.
hotels - Compensation on account of
injury/death/damage to 3rd parties in v) Non-owned/hired automobile liability
connection with sightseeing tours organized cover - Compensation to hotel on account
by the hotel. of 3rd party injury/damage in connection
with automobiles non-owned/hired &
l) Innkeepers Liability - Compensation on
used in connection with hotel’s business. It
account of damage to guest property.
operates in xs of MV Act liability.
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w) Personal & Advertising injury cover - D & O: Directors and Officers Liability
Under this the insured hotel is compensated Insurance
for their liability on account of following: It’s a liability for an organization’s board of
i) False arrest, detention or directors, management or office bearers,
imprisonment. covering them against liability if the
organization or the company is sued. It’s an
ii) Wrongful eviction or wrongful entry
addition liability specific for the management or
iii) Use of another’s advertising idea in the decision makers over and above the liability
hotel’s advertisement. protection present in an organization.
iv) Infringing upon another’s copyright,
E & O: Errors and Omissions Liability:
trade dress or slogan in hotel’s
E &O covers an organization from the legal
advertisement.
proceedings resulting from giving negligent
professional services. Any service oriented
business charging a fee for their services should
have this cover.
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ESSENTIALS: RISK ASSESSMENT
Declaration & Liability Release

I acknowledge that I have voluntarily chosen to participate in the trip/s offered at
_____________________________. I acknowledge that the enjoyment and excitement
of adventure travel is derived in part from the inherent risks incurred by travel and
activity beyond the accepted safety of life at home or at work and that these inherent risks
contribute to such enjoyment, being a reason for my participation. I also am aware that
medical services may not be readily available or accessible while I am participating in the
trip.
Although precautions are taken to provide a safe and enjoyable experience, there can be
no guarantee of absolute safety against injury and accident. There are significant elements
of risk in any adventure activity associated with the outdoors or wilderness including but
not limited to camping, hiking, rock / wall climbing, abseiling, mountain biking, rafting, high
ropes challenge, Travelling Travis, Jumaring, kayaking, and the use of related equipment.
I also recognize that I am undertaking an active holiday that contains an inherent
element of personal risk, and that risk does sometime become a reality. I acknowledge the
relative remoteness, weather conditions, and the limited and relatively primitive medical
and other services available, as well as the greater potential dangers compared with my
usual daily life, or conventional holiday travel. Not only do I accept these realities, I have
chosen to seek them out. I recognize___________________________ responsibility
to me and I accept the authority and decisions of _______________________ and its
representatives in respect to the journey that I have applied to join. I also am in sound
medical health of suffer from no cardiac illness or any other medical disorder which will
hamper my participation in the activity.
I have also been given the safety briefing upon arrival, which covers all aspects of safety
while I am in the care of _________________________ I have also been made aware
of all risks in all te activities that i undertake with _______________________. I hereby
undertake to strictly abide by the safety briefing which I have heard, read and understood
all aspects of my undertaking. If I act in contravention of the understanding of the safety
briefing and the “no swimming” in the river rule, I shall be personally liable, and shall not
hold __________________________responsible for any consequences that may follow
from my actions in contravention of the safety briefing. I also agree to abide by all rules
that the outfit and its guides have instructed me on, keeping in mind the nature of the
holiday I have chosen, and in the sensitive Reserved Forest Area I am visiting.
In consideration and payment for the right to my being permitted to participate in the
trip, I have and do hereby fully assume all risk of illness, injury or death. Furthermore,
I hereby release and discharge from liability and indemnify and agree not to sue
__________________________, their owners, officers, agents, contracted tour operators
and employees and other persons or entities involved with providing the opportunity to
take part in the trip, regardless of the cause of my illness, injury or death from all actions,
claims or demands for injury or damage resulting from my participation in the trip.
I have carefully read this agreement. I understand that it is a release of liability
and contract between me and _______________________ and/or its contracted tour
operators or affiliated organizations and sign it of my free will.
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Sign
Phone
Name
Departure **Parents accompanying children to sign for their children on trips**
Address & Email
Date
Arrival
Date
S. No.
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ESSENTIALS: RISK ASSESSMENT www.atoai.org
Risk management consultation:
Signed Date
Risk index
1 Very Low 2 Low 3 Moderate 4 High 5 Very High
Risk assessment to affect all members of

the group, including trip leaders and staff.
Management
Risk Risk Index / 5 Management Notes Responsibility
Air accident 1 Choice of Airline
Road accident or Use of trusted

incident during 2
transport
transit
Road accident or
incident during
drive to the start 2 Use of trusted
and from end transport
points of journey
Monitor political
Robbery, situation thoroughly.
hijacking or other 2 Monitor local
intervention en situations and safety
route on an individual basis
Illness from water- Use only water from

bourn organisms trusted water sources,
3
i.e. giardia, bottled water
dysentery etc Maintain good hygiene
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Management
Monitor personal
Other illness prior health, provision of
3
to adventure appropriate medical
care
Ensure availability
of well cooked food,
proper cleaning o
Illness on journey 3 utensils, make washing
hands before meals
mandatory
Use of appropriate
Slipping/ falling footwear, group
whilst on 3 management during
adventure portages. Thorough
briefing
Use of appropriate
Collision with carrying technique
equipment whilst 2 and group
on adventure management.
Thorough briefing
Management
Injuries sustained
carrying
equipment
Injuries sustained
embarking or
exiting the rafts
Collision with
equipment and
others whilst
kayaking
Collision with
equipment and
others whilst
rafting
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Management
Group separation
Sports injuries
sustained
Entrapment
Hypothermia
Capsizing
Capsizing leading
to swimming
Hypothermia
caused by
swimming
Drowning
caused by
swimming
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Risk Management
Risk Index / 5 Management Notes Responsibility
Entrapment
whilst swimming
Heart failure
whilst swimming
Risk Management
Risk Index / 5 Management Notes Responsibility
Rafting/Kayak
group separation
Sports injuries
sustained whilst
rafting
Entrapment of
the raft
Hypothermia
whilst rafting
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Management
Capsizing leading
to swimming whilst
rafting
Hypothermia caused
by swimming
(raft group)
Drowning caused
by swimming
(raft group)
Entrapment whilst
swimming
(raft group)
Heart failure whilst

swimming
(raft group)
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Management
Major/Life-
threatening injuries
sustained during
river trip
Major medical
emergency during
river trip
Altitude sickness
Flooding
Fall on Trek or Climb
Management
Injuries sustained
whilst camping i.e.
burns and cuts
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Do we need to do
What are the Who might be What we are anything else to Action by To be completed Completed
hazards? harmed and how? already doing reduce this risk? whom? when?
ESSENTIALS: RISK ASSESSMENT - DECLARATION & LIABILITY RELEASE
BASIC RISK ASSESSMENT TEMPLATE
Name of Organization: ____________________________________________________ Date Completed: ___________________________
Prepared by: _________________________________ Approved by: _________________________________ Date: ________________________
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ESSENTIALS: FIRST AID & CPR
WILDERNESS FIRST AID Descriptor

“First aid” is defined as helping behaviors and This unit of competency describes the skills
initial care provided for an acute illness or and knowledge required to provide first
injury”. First aid can be initiated by anyone in aid response, life support, management of
any situation. casualty(s), the incident and other first aiders,
“First aid provider” is defined as someone until the arrival of medical or other assistance
trained in first aid who should a) Recognise, Application
assess, and prioritise the need for first These skills and knowledge may be applied in
aid; b) Provide care by using appropriate a range of situations, including community and
competencies; c) Recognise limitations, and outdoor settings
seek additional care when needed. Application of these skills and knowledge
‘First Aid Training’ is defined as a course should be contextualized as required to
of study that builds the outlined competencies address specific activity, terrain or workplace
& skills in an adventure guide that can be requirements and to address specific risks and
evidenced through a summative assessment and hazards and associated injuries
is periodically refreshed through practice. ELEMENTS & PERFORMANCE
Note: A First Aid Training provider must be CRITERIA
registered with national / international bodies & a) Elements define the essential outcomes
forums that provide accreditations and guidelines for the of a unit of competency
said training based on globally accepted standards
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b) Performance Criteria specify the level 2.9) Use safe manual handling techniques as
of performance required to demonstrate required
achievement of the element. 2.10) Monitor patient’s condition and
Element respond in accordance with effective first aid
1. Assess the situation principles and procedures
Performance Criteria 2.11) Finalize patient management according
1.1) Identify assess and minimise hazards in to patient’s needs and first aid principles
the situation that may pose a risk of injury Element
or illness to self and others 3. Communicate details
1.2) Minimise immediate risk to self and of the incident
casualty’s health and safety by controlling Performance Criteria
any hazard in accordance with safety 3.1) Request ambulance support and/or
requirements appropriate medical assistance according
1.3) Assess casualty and identify injuries, to relevant circumstances using relevant
illnesses and conditions communication media and equipment
Element 3.2) Accurately convey assessment of
2. Apply first aid procedures patient’s condition and management
Performance Criteria activities to ambulance services /other
2.1) Calmly provide information to reassure emergency services/relieving personnel
casualty, adopting a communication style to 3.3) Prepare reports as appropriate in a
match the casualty’s level of consciousness timely manner, presenting all relevant facts
2.2) Use available resources and equipment according to established procedures
to make the casualty as comfortable as 3.4) Accurately record details of patient’s
possible physical condition, changes in conditions,
2.3) Respond to the casualty in a culturally management and response to management
aware, sensitive and respectful manner in line with established procedures
2.4) Determine and explain the nature of 3.5) Maintain confidentiality of records and
casualty’s injury/condition and relevant first information in line with privacy principles
aid procedures to provide comfort and statutory and/or organization policies
2.5) Seek consent from casualty prior to Element
applying first aid management 4. Evaluate own performance
Performance Criteria
2.6) Provide first aid management in
accordance with established first aid 4.1) Seek feedback from appropriate clinical
principles and IFRC (International expert
Federation of Red Cross) / ILCOR 4.2) Recognize the possible psychological
(International Liaison Committee 0n impacts on rescuers of involvement in
Resuscitation), Guidelines and/or State/ critical incidents
Territory regulations, legislation and policies 4.3) Participate in debriefing/evaluation as
and industry requirements appropriate to improve future response and
2.7) Seek first aid assistance from others in a address individual needs
timely manner and as appropriate
REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE
2.8) Correctly operate first aid equipment as
required for first aid management according This describes the essential skills and
to manufacturer/supplier’s instructions and knowledge and their level required for this unit.
local policies and/or procedures
169
Essential knowledge: • substance misuse - common drugs and

The guide must be able to demonstrate essential alcohol, including illicit drugs
knowledge required to effectively do the task • Social/legal issues:
outlined in elements and performance criteria
• duty of care
of this unit, manage the task and manage
contingencies in the context of the identified • need to be culturally aware, sensitive and
work role. respectful
This includes knowledge of: • importance of debriefing
• IFRC/ILCOR guidelines relating to • confidentiality
provision of First Aid & CPR • own skills and limitations
• Awareness of stress management • Working knowledge of:
techniques and available support
• basic occupational health and safety
• First aid management of: requirements in the provision of first aid
• abdominal injuries • basic principles and concepts underlying
• allergic reactions the practice of first aid
• altered and loss of consciousness • chain of survival, BLS (Basic Life Support)
• bleeding & CPR # (Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation)
• burns - thermal, chemical, friction, • first aiders’ skills and limitations
electrical • infection control principles and
• cardiac arrest procedures, including use of standard
precautions
• Patient with no signs of life
• priorities of management in first aid when
• chest pain
dealing with life threatening conditions
• choking/airway obstruction
• procedures for dealing with major and
• injuries: cold and crush injuries; eye and minor injury and illness
ear injuries; head, neck and spinal injuries;
minor skin injuries; needle stick injuries; Essential skills:
soft tissue injuries including sprains, strains, It is critical that the guide demonstrate the
dislocations ability to effectively do the task outlined in
elements and performance criteria of this unit,
• envenomation - snake, spider, insect and
manage the task and manage contingencies in
marine bites
the context of the identified work role
• environmental impact such as This includes the ability to:
hypothermia, hyperthermia, dehydration,
a) Apply first aid principles.
heat stroke
b) Call an ambulance and/or medical
• fractures
assistance according to relevant
• medical conditions, including cardiac circumstances and report casualty’s
conditions, epilepsy, diabetes, asthma and condition.
other respiratory conditions
c) Communicate effectively and assertively
• near drowning in an incident.
• poisoning and toxic substances (including d) Conduct an initial patient assessment.
chemical contamination)
e) Demonstrate correct procedures for
• respiratory distress performing CPR using a manikin, including
• seizures, shock, stroke standard precautions.
170
f) Demonstrate: in first aid is to try and avoid situations where

i) ability to call an ambulance. one has to use it. Keeping this in mind, it is
important that the guide does the following
ii) consideration of the welfare of the
before and during conducting any adventure
patient.
activity:
iii) safe manual handling.
a) Identify areas or zones where potential
iv) site management to prevent further for serious injury is possible and avoid those
injury. places
g) Evaluate own response and identify b) Communicate with client about medical
appropriate improvements where required. history (previous injuries and illness,
h) Infection control, including use of allergies, food allergies)
standard precautions. c) Recognize if the participant is under the
i) Make prompt and appropriate decisions influence of alcohol/ illicit drugs.
relating to managing an incident in the d) Determine whether or not participant is
wilderness. fit for the activity
j) Plan an appropriate first aid response e) Have the knowledge /ability and
in line with established first aid principles, experience to tone down the adventure
policies and procedures, IFRC/ILCOR/ depending on prevailing conditions, fitness
AHA Guidelines and/or State/Territory and experience of the client/s.
regulations, legislation and policies and
industry requirements and respond Building a First Aid Kit
appropriately to contingencies in line with Considerations:
own skills. a) Group size: Kits for bigger groups
k) Prepare a written incident report or simply include more supplies like bandages
provide information to enable preparation and pain meds. Medical tools like
of an incident report. thermometers, tweezers or splints remain
l) Provide assistance with self-medication fairly constant from kit to kit.
as per subject’s own medication regime b) Trip length/distance
and in line with State/Territory legislation, c) Trip activity: Include a fully waterproof
regulations and policies and any available pouch that makes a kit suited to paddling.
medical/pharmaceutical instructions. Smaller, lighter kits are appropriate when
#CPR & BLS Cardio Pulmonary you’re planning light-and-fast pursuits like
Resuscitation/Basic Life trail running. Bigger, more comprehensive
kits make sense for supported expeditions.
Support
BLS is the foundation for saving lives after d) Trip risks: Example: If you’re headed
cardiac arrest. Fundamental aspects of where nettles and ticks are concerns,
adult BLS include immediate recognition of consider adding a itch treatment and tick-
sudden cardiac arrest and activation of the specific tool to your kit.
emergency response system, early CPR, and e) Special needs: On group trips, survey
rapid defibrillation with an automated external members so that everyone is aware of
defibrillator (AED). Initial recognition and special supplies in the kit.
response to heart attack and stroke are also f) Include any personal items such as
considered part of BLS. medications and emergency phone numbers
Risk mitigation: or other items your health-care provider may
The most important aspect of being trained suggest.
171
g) Check the kit regularly for expiration 16) Oral thermometer

dates and replace any used or out-of-date (non-mercury/no glass)
contents. 17) 2 triangular bandages
Sample First Aid Kit 18) Tweezers
(~ Hiking Group of 4) 19) Trauma Shears/Scissors
1) 2 absorbent compress dressings 20) Butterfly Stitches
(5 x 9 inches)
Online Resources:
2) 25 adhesive band-aids (assorted sizes)
3) 1 adhesive cloth tape (1 inch) First Aid
4) antibiotic ointment http://www.ifrc.org/Global/Publications/
Health/First-Aid-2016-Guidelines_EN.pdf
5) 5 antiseptic wipe packets
https://eccguidelines.heart.org/index.php/
6) 2 packets of aspirin (81 mg each)
circulation/aha-red-cross-first-aid-guidelines/
7) Painkillers part-15-first-aid/
8) 1 blanket (space blanket)
CPR
9) 1 breathing barrier (with one-way valve)
https://cprguidelines.eu/
10) 2 pair of non-latex gloves
https://eccguidelines.heart.org/index.php/
11) 2 hydrocortisone ointment packets circulation/cpr-ecc-guidelines-2/
(approximately 1 gram each)
12) Scissors Learning
13) 1 roller bandage (3 inches wide) https://ifrc.csod.com/client/ifrc/default.aspx
14) 1 Crepe Bandage https://youtu.be/
N5awzSeTQM8?list=PLD3876E5E50A95DF8
15) 5 sterile gauze pads (3 x 3 inches)
172
www.atoai.org
GENERAL GUIDELINES
1. ATV Registration certificate, since the motive is to encourage

Recognition by state tourism authorities, since participation. A self declaration of fitness (as
vehicles are only for off road tracks. is done in all parts of the world) should be
sufficient.
2. Minimum Qualification
for Bungee jumping, 4. Accreditation system for
Mountaineering, Skiing organistions in field of adventure tourism
could be based on level of understanding and
instructors / Guides - 10+2 should
applied knowledge mentioned in the minimum
be mandatory from now on. Previously certified
standards for each activity. Membership of
or existing guides with more than 5 years of
ATOAI at the minimum is required.
experience may be exempted.
5. Qualified instructors
3. Physical fitness certificate
to undergo revalidation
by a doctor
For soft adventure sports in controlled settings program in their respective sport at least
such as skiing, snowboarding, kayaking, rafting once every two years.
there’s no requirement for physical fitness
173
174
6. List of institutions providing training in specific adventure courses:
S. No. Institutes Contact Email Website Address
Nehru Institute of Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand
01 01374 222 123 reg.nim.uk@gov.in, nimutk2004@gmail.com http://www.nimindia.net/
Mountaineering 249193
Himalayan
Mountaineering
Jawahar Parvat, Darjeeling,
02 Institute, 0354 225 4087 hmidarj@gmail.com https://hmidarjeeling.com/
West Bengal 734101
Darjeeling, West
Bengal
Atal Bihari
Vajpayee MDR 29, Aleo, Opp. Hotel
03 Institute of 01902 252 342 NA https://www.adventurehimalaya.org/ Honeymoon, Manali, HP
Mountaineering 175131
and Allied Sports
The Jawahar
Institute of
Mountaineering Nunwan, Anantnag District,
04 01936 243 002 principal@jawaharinstitutepahalgam.com www.jawaharinstitutepahalgam.com
and Winter Pahalgam, J&K 192126
Sports (JIM &
WS)
GENERAL GUIDELINES
National Institute Training site, Caranzalem,

05 0832 - 2436550 niwsgoa@gmail.com http://niws.nic.in/
of Water Sports Dona Paula, Goa 403004
Indian Institute
Gulmarg, Baramulla, J&K
06 of Skiing & 0194 245 8627 skitigers@gmail.com http://www.iismgulmarg.in/
193403
Mountaineering
Directorate Aurobindo Marg, Opp.
07 General of Civil 011 2462 2495 http://dgca.nic.in/dgca/contact-reg-ind.htm http://dgca.nic.in/ Safdarjung Airport, New
Aviation Delhi, Delhi 110003
www.atoai.org
www.atoai.org
Important Notes
175
www.atoai.org
Important Notes
176
www.atoai.org
Important Notes
177
www.atoai.org
Important Notes
178
www.atoai.org
Important Notes
179
www.atoai.org

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ADVENTURE TOUR OPERATORS

Swadesh Kumar Ajeet Bajaj Tejbir Singh Anand Rajesh Ojha

Vaibhav Kala Akshay Kumar Mohan Tickoo Sanjay Basu

Vishwas Makhija Vinayak Koul Sudesh Behal Shashank Gupta

Office Bearers Executive Members

With adventure greetings,

Capt. Swadesh Kumar

Dear Adventure Community,

Wg Cdr Amit Chowdhury, VSM, MAeSI (Retd)

ADVENTURE TOURISM AND SAFETY GUIDELINES

With warm regards

Wishing you happy and safe adventures.....

Hot Air Ballooning 89

Skiing/Snowboarding 65 Water Sports Centres 146

Zip Wires & High 82

Ms. Deepika Chowdhry Mr. Madhu Sudan G

Acknowledgements for the 4 pillar workshop held on April 20, 2012.

Zip Wires & High Ropes Course Insurance

ADVENTURE TOURISM GUIDELINES

ADVENTURE TOUR OPERATORS

1.1 Adapted from guidelines available on the

Equipment 1.9 Gloves: Gloves should be of a quality

Inspections & Maintenance 1.15 Special arrangements for Children

ADVENTURE TOUR OPERATORS

ADVENTURE TOUR OPERATORS

more frequently in a higher-grade tour. Most Bicycles

Lights likely to be used to, from childhood, if these

e) Mandatory insurance copies of each f) In a group with people of varied abilities

3.15 “Basic Minimum national parks only designated trails are

ADVENTURE TOUR OPERATORS

Introduction: 4.4 Suggested Minimum

“Basic Minimum Standards” d) CSR Activity: Operators should be

ADVENTURE TOUR OPERATORS

INTRODUCTION c) Guides should be well trained and serve

Risk Mitigation 5.10 Safety briefing to riders

ADVENTURE TOUR OPERATORS

Introduction be absolutely neat and clean. The windows

ADVENTURE TOUR OPERATORS

INTRODUCTION of riding in all types of terrains in India -

c) Communication equipment radio/ b) All fluids engine, coolant, clutch and

ADVENTURE TOUR OPERATORS

INTRODUCTION 8.4 Equipment, specially safety equipment

SOP’S AND OPERATING

the area and peak visited by them suffers

ADVENTURE TOUR OPERATORS

Introduction: 9.4 Equipment required

the animals are unable to lick the salt from

b) Emergencies could most often be due “Basic Minimum Standards”

9.13 RISK ANALYSIS AND

ADVENTURE TOUR OPERATORS

c) Rated and quality assured personal

carried out by qualified persons as a minimum

c) During all following applications and h) The venue

ADVENTURE TOUR OPERATORS

Introduction b) Must have experience to ride on various

g) ensure that under the spotter/guide’s team member in case of an emergency.

e) Provide precedence to safety over

ADVENTURE TOUR OPERATORS

Introduction prone, skiing should not be permitted without

g) Plan to finish your last run of the day

ADVENTURE TOUR OPERATORS

Introduction b) Trekking equipment such as tents,

ADVENTURE TOUR OPERATORS

b) Wild animals are unpredictable. But Emergencies & Rescues