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GPRS Channel Managementpdf
GPRS Channel Managementpdf
GSM BSS
GPRS/EGPRS Channel Management
Feature Parameter Description
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Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Scope
1.2 Intended Audience
1.3 Change History
2 Overview
3 Technical Description
3.1 Classification of PDCHs
3.2 Allocation of PDCHs
3.2.1 Overview
3.2.2 Preprocessing
3.2.3 Ranking the Priorities of Channel Groups
3.3 Dynamic PDCH Conversion
3.3.1 Overview
3.3.2 Preprocessing
3.3.3 TRX Selection
3.4 Release of Dynamic PDCH
3.4.1 Overview
3.4.2 Rules for Releasing Dynamic PDCH
4 Engineering Guidelines
5 Parameters
6 Counters
7 Glossary
8 Reference Documents
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1 Introduction
1.1 Scope
This document describes PDCH allocation algorithm, dynamic PDCH conversion algorithm, and dynamic PDCH release algorithm in the GPRS/EGPRS channel management
feature.
Document Issues
The document issues are as follows:
z 01 (2010-06-30)
z Draft (2010-03-30)
01 (2010-6-30)
This is the first release of GBSS12.0.
Compared with issue Draft (2010-03-30) of GBSS12.0, issue 01 (2010-06-30) of GBSS12.0 incorporates the changes described in the following table.
Draft (2010-03-30)
This is the draft release of GBSS12.0.
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2 Overview
This section describes the feature GBFD-113101 PDCH Dynamic Adjustment.
After the GPRS network is deployed, CS services and PS services in the network share channel resources on the Um interface. With operators increasingly preferring PS
services, more and more channel resources on the Um interface are required for PS services. At the same time, to ensure the quality of CS services and PS services, the
system needs to manage all the PDCHs effectively.
The GPRS/EGPRS Channel Management feature involves the PDCH allocation, dynamic PDCH conversion, and dynamic PDCH release. The PDCH allocation allocates one or
more PDCHs in view of various factors. The dynamic PDCH conversion and dynamic PDCH release adjust PDCHs properly based on the service requirements and actual
network conditions. The GPRS/EGPRS Channel Management feature ensures not only the services for one user, but also the performance of the entire network.
During the PDCH allocation process, the principles and requirements for the BSC to select the final channel group vary according to scenarios. Thus, the PDCH allocation
algorithm defines a priority for each channel group. When the MS requests a PDCH, the BSC allocates the channel group with the highest priority to the MS according to the
allocation request.
The BSC determines whether to trigger dynamic PDCH conversion based on the PDCH allocation result, rate of idle CS channels, the average load on each PDCH in the cell,
and parameter switches. If it is necessary to trigger dynamic PDCH conversion, the BSC converts one or multiple dynamic PDCHs into PDCHs.
If the dynamic PDCH in the PDCH state remains idle for a period of time, the BSC converts it back to the full-rate TCH. When no channel resources or Abis resources are
available for the CS service, the PDCH preemption procedure is triggered. A dynamic PDCH in the PDCH state is converted into the TCH each time. When the air interface
resources, DSP resources, and idle timeslot resources are limited, the BSC dynamically releases PDCHs based on dual-threshold.
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3 Technical Description
3.1 Classification of PDCHs
Based on the service support capabilities, PDCHs are classified into the following types:
z EGPRS special channel
The EGPRS special channel is allocated only for the EGPRS service.
z EGPRS priority channel
The EGPRS priority channel is allocated for the EGPRS service preferentially. When the EGPRS priority channel is not occupied by the EGPRS service, it can be allocated for
the GPRS service.
z EGPRS normal channel
The EGPRS normal channel can be allocated for the EGPRS and GPRS services at the same time.
z GPRS channel
The GPRS channel is allocated only for the GPRS service.
The EGPRS special channel, EGPRS priority channel, and EGPRS normal channel can be bound with a maximum of four 16 kbit/s Abis timeslots. The GPRS channel can be
bound with a maximum of two 16 kbit/s Abis timeslots.
These types of PDCHs can be specified by the parameter GPRSCHPRI on the BSC.
Based on the channel configuration types, PDCHs are classified into the following types:
z Static PDCH
The static PDCH carries only PS services. The parameter CHNTYPE is set to PDTCH, PBCCH+PDTCH, or PCCCH+PDTCH.
z Dynamic PDCH
The dynamic PDCH carries CS services or PS services depending on the service requirement. It supports only one type of service at the same time. The parameter
CHNTYPE is initially set to TCH Full Rate.
3.2.2 Preprocessing
Through PDCH allocation preprocessing, the BSC obtains the information about all PDCHs in the cell that can be allocated to MSs and determines the maximum number of
uplink and downlink PDCHs. This provides a basis for subsequent PDCH allocation.
The BSC obtains the information about all PDCHs in the cell that can be allocated to MSs by excluding the following cases (GBFD-119302 Packet Channel Dispatching):
z If the operating status of the PDCH is unavailable or the channel management status is blocked, the PDCH cannot be allocated.
z The PDCHs to be released are not allocated to MSs. If there are TBFs on the dynamic PDCHs to be released when PDCH released is due to limited resources, the dynamic
PDCHs are marked as PDCHs to be released and are not allocated.
z If the number of MSs multiplexed on the PDCH in the uplink x 10 is greater than or equal to PDCHUPLEV, the PDCH cannot be allocated for the uplink PS service.
z If the number of MSs multiplexed on the PDCH in the downlink x 10 is greater than or equal to PDCHDWNLEV, the PDCH cannot be allocated for the downlink PS service.
z The GPRS channel cannot be allocated for the EGPRS service.
z The EGPRS special channel cannot be allocated for the GPRS service.
z If the EGPRS priority channel is already allocated for the EGPRS service, it cannot be allocated for the GPRS service.
z When the downlink EGPRS and uplink GPRS services share the EGPRS normal channel, the downlink data blocks on this channel must be modulated with GMSK if the
GPRS uplink data blocks require scheduling. This may decrease the EGPRS downlink transmission rate. Thus, the downlink EGPRS and uplink GPRS can share the EGPRS
normal channel only when the parameter FORBIDEDGU is set to Open.
The BSC collects statistics on service types dynamically for a period of time by monitoring the uplink and downlink traffic volume of an MS regularly. The service types consist of
the uplink preferred service, downlink preferred service, and neutral service. The details are as follows:
z The BSC monitors the traffic volume of uplink and downlink LLC PDUs of the MS on a regular basis. In a specified monitoring period, if the uplink traffic volume is more than
five times of the downlink traffic volume, the PS service that the MS operates in the next monitoring period is called the uplink preferred service.
z The BSC monitors the traffic volume of uplink and downlink LLC PDUs of the MS on a regular basis. In a specified monitoring period, if the downlink traffic volume is more
than five times the uplink traffic volume, the PS service that the MS processes in the next monitoring period is called the downlink preferred service.
z Except the uplink preferred service and downlink preferred service, the PS service that the MS operates in the next monitoring period is called the neutral service.
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The BSC determines the maximum number of uplink and downlink channels that can be allocated to the MS according to the following principles (GBFD-119501 Adaptive
Adjustment of Uplink and Downlink Channels):
z For the uplink preferred service, the BSC allocates as many uplink channels as possible.
− When SUPPORTEDA is set to SUPPORT, the BSC allocates more than three uplink channels to the MS based on the radio access capability of the MS.
− When SUPPORTEDA is set to NOTSUPPORT, the BSC allocates up to two uplink channels to the MS based on the radio access capability of the MS.
z For the downlink preferred service, the BSC allocates as many downlink channels as possible.
When SUPPORTDL5TS is set to SUPPORT, the BSC allocates up to five downlink channels to the MS based on the radio access capability of the MS. Otherwise, the BSC
allocates up to four downlink channels to the MS based on the radio access capability of the MS.
z For the neutral service, the BSC allocates the uplink and downlink channels in a balanced manner.
For example, the BSC allocates three downlink channels and two uplink channels to the MS of multislot class 10.
When SPTDPI is set to SUPPORT, the PDCH identification function is enabled. After identifying the service type, the CN sends the service type to the BSC. Then, the BSC
allocates only one downlink channel to the short message service (SMS) according to the service type instead of multislot capability. In this manner, network channel usage is
improved and channel resources are saved. SMS includes Mobile QQ (excluding QQ download and QQ voice service), Fetion, and MSN. After detecting that the subsequent
packets do not carry SMS, the BSC triggers the channel re-allocation procedure. If a subscriber uses several types of services at the same time, for example, the subscriber
uses Mobile QQ while browsing websites, the BSC allocates channels required for browsing websites. During the channel re-allocation process, one channel can be converted
into multiple channels. The reverse conversion, however, is not supported. This avoids the load of channel re-allocation caused by service combination or service handovers.
When PS traffic is heavy in a cell, namely when channel multiplexing ratio (average number of MSs multiplexed on the PDCH in a cell) is higher than the value of
PSServiceBusyThreshold, channels are no longer assigned to new MSs requesting access according to their timeslot capabilities. Instead, only one UL and one DL channels
are assigned to a new MS to ensure its access to the network. In addition, the release delay of all downlink TBFs in the cell is reduced to half the value of DNTBFRELDELAY.
Reducing the delay helps prevent new MSs from being denied access to the network due to heavy traffic. Channel assignment to MSs requesting channels again and GBR MSs,
however, is not affected. When PS traffic is light in a cell, namely when channel multiplexing ratio is not higher than the value of PSServiceBusyThreshold, channel re-
allocation procedure will be triggered to assign channels anew to the new MSs that are assigned one UL and one DL channels if necessary.
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services in a cell is either TCHF or TCHH. A TCHF equals half TCHF. The maximum number of dynamic channels can be converted = (the rate of idle channels in a cell –
CHIDLHIGHTHR) × number of channels in a cell for CS services. The number is the integral number rounded down from the result.
3. The parameter SPTNACCResGuarantee specifies whether the dynamic PDCH conversion based on the guarantee of NACC resources is performed. Guarantee of NACC
resources is implemented during NC2 or NACC. If the rate of idle channels in a cell for CS services is greater than CHIDLLOWTHR and the number of idle channels in a cell
for CS services is greater than DYNCHTRANRESLEV, the BSC triggers dynamic PDCH conversion. The maximum number of dynamic channels can be converted =min((the
rate of idle channels in a cell – CHIDLLOWTHR) × number of channels in a cell for CS services, (number of idle channels in a cell - DYNCHTRANRESLEV)). The number of
channels in a cell for CS services is the rounddown integral number.
4. If the rate of idle channels in a cell for CS services is greater than CHIDLLOWTHR and the number of idle channels in a cell for CS services is greater than
DYNCHTRANRESLEV, the BSC triggers dynamic PDCH conversion based on the multislot capability. The maximum number of dynamic channels can be converted =min
((the rate of idle channels in a cell – CHIDLLOWTHR) × number of channels in a cell for CS services, (number of idle channels in a cell - DYNCHTRANRESLEV)). The
number of channels in a cell for CS services is the rounddown integral number.
5. The parameter DefaultDynPdchPreTranNum specifies whether the dynamic PDCH conversion based on the pre-conversion is performed. To ensure the proper access of
PS services, you need to set the number of default PDCHs to be converted in the resource pool of dynamic PDCHs of the cell.
6. If the EGPRS-capable MS is allocated the GPRS channel and the convertible EGPRS channels are available in the cell, dynamic PDCH conversion is triggered to convert
EGPRS channels as required.
3.3.2 Preprocessing
The PDCH conversion preprocessing is performed to obtain the information about all the convertible dynamic PDCHs in the cell. This provides a basis for the dynamic PDCH
conversion.
If the parameter PDCHREFORMING is set to No, only the idle channels can be regarded as candidate channels to participate in dynamic PDCH ranking.
If the parameter PDCHREFORMING is set to Yes, both the dynamic PDCHs occupied by CS services and the idle dynamic PDCHs in the TCH state can be regarded as
candidate channels to participate in dynamic PDCH ranking. If the dynamic PDCHs to be converted already carry CS services, the CS services must be switched to other
channels in advance.
The factors have different impacts on dynamic PDCH conversion. They are listed in descending order of impacts.
The method of selecting a TRX according to the conditions listed in Table 3-1 is as follows:
1. All the TRXs in the cell are filtered according to the condition with the highest priority.
− If only one TRX meets the condition after filtering, the TRX is selected as the candidate TRX. Then, go to 3.
− If multiple TRXs meet the condition, these TRXs are involved in the next round of filtering, as described in 2.
− If no TRX meets the condition, all the TRXs are involved in the next round of filtering, as described in step 2.
2. All the TRXs are filtered according to the condition with the priority one level lower.
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− If only one TRX meets the condition after filtering, the TRX is selected as the candidate TRX. Then, go to 3.
− If multiple TRXs or no TRX meets the condition, the operation in 2 is repeated. After the corresponding TRXs are filtered, go to 3.
3. The BSC selects the dynamic PDCHs for conversion in the sequence of timeslot numbers 6, 5, 7, 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0.
If the conversion requires channel groups, the BSC selects multiple timeslots for conversion in the sequence of timeslot numbers 6, 5, 7, 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0.
Dynamic PDCH Release When the Air Interface Resources Are Limited
If all the following conditions are met, the BSC triggers dynamic PDCH release when the air interface resources are limited:
z The rate of idle channels in a cell is less than CHIDLLOWTHR or the number of idle channels in a cell for CS services is less than DYNCHTRANRESLEV.
z The uplink TBF load in the cell is less than UPDYNCHNTRANLEV and the downlink TBF load in the cell is less than DWNDYNCHNTRANLEV.
z The number of PDCHs in a cell to be allocated to MSs is greater than 4.
If the dynamic PDCH release is triggered owing to insufficient air interface resources, only a PDCH is released at a time.
TBF load is the total number of MSs carried on the channels of a cell.
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Table 3-3 Factors taken into account when the dynamic PDCH is released because the resources are limited
Priority Factor Description
1 Whether the dynamic PDCH is If the dynamic PDCH is pre-
pre-converted into PDCH converted PDCH, the PDCH is
marked as the PDCH not to be
released. The priority of non-
pre-converted PDCH is higher
than pre-converted PDCH
release.
2 Whether the dynamic PDCH is If the dynamic PDCH is idle, it is
idle released preferentially.
3 Number of multiplexed MSs If an MS uses the dynamic
using the dynamic PDCH as the PDCH as the control channel,
control channel the channel cannot be released.
4 Number of multiplexed MSs on The number of multiplexed MSs
the dynamic PDCH using the dynamic PDCH has a
negative correlation with the
priority of dynamic PDCH
release.
5 Number of static PDCHs The number of static PDCHs
configured on the TRX of the configured on the TRX of the
dynamic PDCH dynamic PDCH has a negative
correlation with the priority of
dynamic PDCH release.
6 Number of PDCHs on the TRX The number of PDCHs on the
of the dynamic PDCH TRX of the dynamic PDCH has
a negative correlation with the
priority of dynamic PDCH
release.
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4 Engineering Guidelines
Cell
The maximum number of PDCHs in a cell is restricted by the setting of MAXPDCHRATE.
Maximum number of PDCHs in a cell = (Number of static PDCHs + Number of dynamic PDCHs) × Maximum Ratio Threshold of PDCHs in a Cell
The BSC does not perform dynamic PDCH conversion to reserve idle channel resources for the CS service, thus reducing the impact on the CS service. The number of reserved
idle channels is set to DYNCHTRANRESLEV.
TRX
If a TRX is configured with several static PDCHs, it is recommended that the static PDCHs be configured in the sequence of timeslot numbers 6, 5, 7, 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0.
The setting of GPRSCHPRI should be the same for all the PDCHs on a TRX.
If the GPRS and EGPRS services need to be isolated on a TRX, it is recommended that the EGPRS special channel, EGPRS priority channel, EGPRS normal channel, and
GPRS channel be configured in the sequence of timeslot numbers 6, 5, 7, 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0.
The maximum number of PDCHs on a TRX is determined by MAXPDCHNUM.
Multiband Network
In a multiband cell, it is recommended that the static PDCH be configured in the BCCH band and the bands compatible with the BCCH.
Concentric Cell
If IUOCHNTRAN is set to CONVERT0(Only convert at UL) or CONVERT2(UL first and convert allowed), it is recommended that the static PDCH be configured on the
underlaid subcell.
If IUOCHNTRAN is set to CONVERT1(Only convert at OL) or CONVERT3(OL first and convert allowed), it is recommended that the static PDCH be configured on the
overlaid subcell.
If the BCCH is configured on the TRX in the underlaid subcell, it is recommended that the parameter IUOCHNTRAN be set to CONVERT0(Only convert at UL).
If the BCCH is configured on the TRX in the overlaid subcell, it is recommended that the parameter IUOCHNTRAN be set to CONVERT1(Only convert at OL).
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5 Parameters
Table 5-1 Parameter description
Parameter ID NE MML Description
GPRSCHPRI BSC6900 SET GTRXCHAN(Optional) Meaning: EGPRS priority
type of the channel
If this parameter is set to
GPRS, the EDGE MSs
cannot use this channel.
If this parameter is set to
EGPRSNORCH, the
GPRS and EDGE MSs
can use this channel at
the same priority.
If this parameter is set to
EGPRSPRICH, the
EDGE MSs have the
priority to use this
channel.
If this parameter is set to
EGPRSSPECH, only the
EDGE MSs can use this
channel.
If this parameter is set to
NONGPRS, this
parameter becomes
invalid.
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value/10). We
recommend that the value
of "Downlink Multiplex
Threshold of Dynamic
Channel Conversion"
should be less than
"PDCH Downlink
Multiplex Threshold" for
triggering converting
dynamic channel in time
and reducing PDCH
multiplex.
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YES
Unit: None
Default Value: NO
CHIDLLOWTHR BSC6900 SET GCELLPSCHM(Optional) Meaning: When the CS
idle channel rate is below
this threshold, a dynamic
channel can be released.
The CS idle channel rate
can be calculated as
follows:
CS Idle channel rate =
Idle cell channels for CS
service/Available cell
channels for CS service x
100%.
Here, available cell
channels refer to the
available TCHFs or
TCHHs in a cell.
Idle cell channels refer to
the TCHFs or TCHHs that
do not carry any CS
services data in a cell.
Two TCHHs are
considered as one TCHF.
When "Upper Threshold
for CS Idle Channel Rate"
is set to "100", it is invalid.
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fails to be switched to
another channel.
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LEVEL2
Unit: None
Default Value: LEVEL0
MAXPDCHRATE BSC6900 SET GCELLPSCHM(Optional) Meaning: Maximum value
of the PDCH ratio in a
cell. The number of
available TCHs and
PDCHs in a cell is set to a
fixed value. The PDCH
ratio is: Number of
available PDCHs/
(Number of available
TCHFs + Number of
available static PDCHs).
This parameter is used to
restrict the PDCH ratio.
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retransmitted
continuously so that the
downlink TBF is not
released. During the
downlink delay release, if
the upper layer of the
network side needs to
transmit downlink data,
the downlink RLC block
for unpacking can be
transmitted in the
downlink TBF for delay
release. The state of the
downlink TBF is changed
from delay releasing to
downlink transmitting. In
addition, the MS must
respond to the Packet
Downlink Ack/Nack
message through the
uplink data block of the
RRBP to exchange
messages with the
network side. When the
MS needs to send data,
the MS can send the
uplink request to the
network sides through the
Packet Downlink
Ack/Nack with the
channel request
description. If this
parameter is set to 0, the
release delay of downlink
TBF is disabled.
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6 Counters
For the counters, see the BSC6900 GSM Performance Counter Reference.
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7 Glossary
For the acronyms, abbreviations, terms, and definitions, see the Glossary.
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8 Reference Documents
z 3GPP TS 44.060 "Mobile Station (MS) - Base Station System (BSS) interface; Radio Link Control/Medium Access Control (RLC/MAC) protocol"
z 3GPP TS 44.018 "Base Station System (BSS) - Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN); BSS GPRS Protocol (BSSGP)"
z 3GPP TS 45.002 "Radio Access Network; Multiplexing and multiple access on the radio path"
z 3GPP TS 24.008, 3GPP TS 48.018, and 3GPP TS 48.016 peer layer protocols between the BSS and the SGSN
z BSC6900 Feature List
z BSC6900 Optional Feature Description
z GBSS Reconfiguration Guide
z BSC6900 GSM Parameter Reference
z BSC6900 GSM MML Command Reference
z BSC6900 Performance Counter Reference
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