STP 111 – MECHANICS TEST Question Type: SPAS

Briefly explain the movement of spinning ball in air as an application of Bernoulli’s equation. 5 marks
-1
In a normal adult, the average speed of the blood through the aorta (radius  r = 0.8 cm) is 0.33 ms . From the aorta, the
blood goes into major arteries, which are 30 in number, each of radius 0.4 cm. Calculate the speed of the blood through the
arteries.
5 marks

STP 111 – MECHANICS TEST Question Type: CESA

(a) Briefly explain streamline flow 5 marks
(b) Given that F = krx η y vz derive stokes law. 5 marks

STP 111 – MECHANICS TEST Question Type: STECH

(a) Briefly explain the shape of an aircraft in air as an applications of Bernoulli’s equation. 4 marks
6
(b) An airplane has a mass of 2.9×10 kg and the airflow past the lower surface of the wings at 88 m/s. If the wings have a
surface area of 1100 m2, how fast must the airflow over the upper surface of the wing if the plane is to stay in the air?
Consider only the Bernoulli effect. 6 marks

STP 111 – MECHANICS TEST Question Type: DSA

(a) Briefly explain viscous fluid and velocity gradient. 5 marks
(b) A hole is there in the bottom of the tank having water. If total pressure at the bottom is 3 atm, calculate the velocity of
water flowing from the hole. 5 marks

STP 111 – MECHANICS TEST Question Type: SPAS

(a) Briefly explain the movement of spinning ball in air as an application of Bernoulli’s equation. 5 marks
-1
(b) In a normal adult, the average speed of the blood through the aorta (radius  r = 0.8 cm) is 0.33 ms . From the aorta, the
blood goes into major arteries, which are 30 in number, each of radius 0.4 cm. Calculate the speed of the blood through
the arteries. 5 marks

STP 111 – MECHANICS TEST Question Type: CESA

(a) Briefly explain streamline flow 5 marks
(b) Given that F = krx η y vz derive stokes law. 5 marks

STP 111 – MECHANICS TEST Question Type: STECH

(a) Briefly explain the shape of an aircraft in air as an applications of Bernoulli’s equation. 4 marks
(b) An airplane has a mass of 2.9×106kg and the airflow past the lower surface of the wings at 88 m/s. If the wings have a
surface area of 1100 m2, how fast must the airflow over the upper surface of the wing if the plane is to stay in the air?
Consider only the Bernoulli effect. 6 marks

STP 111 – MECHANICS TEST Question Type: DSA

(a) Briefly explain viscous fluid and velocity gradient. 5 marks
(b) A hole is there in the bottom of the tank having water. If total pressure at the bottom is 3 atm, calculate the velocity of
water flowing from the hole. 5 marks
Briefly explain the movement of spinning ball in air as an application of Bernoulli’s equation. 5 marks

Movement of a smooth spinning ball in air: As the ball moves through the air, it will drag some of the air round with its spin ( 1 mk ).
This will increase the velocity of the air in one side of the ball ( 1 mk ) and decrease it on the other creating areas of low and high
pressure ( 1 mk ). The ball therefore moves into the region of low pressure ( 1 mk ).

Force
Low pressure

In a normal adult, the average speed of the blood through the aorta (radius  r = 0.8 cm) is 0.33 ms-1. From the aorta, the
blood goes into major arteries, which are 30 in number, each of radius 0.4 cm. Calculate the speed of the blood through the
arteries.
5 marks

Solution:

a 1 v 1=30 a2 v 2 1 mk

π r 21 v 1=30 π r 22 v 2 1 mk

2
1 r1
v 2= ()
30 r 2 1
v 1 mk

2
1 0.8 x 10−2 m
v 2= x (
30 0.4 x 10−2 m )
x ( 0.33 m s−1) 1mk

v 2=0.044 m s−1 1mk

Briefly explain streamline flow 5 marks

(½mk)

Fig: streamline flow

A streamline is a curve whose tanget at any point (½mk) is along the direction of the velocity (½mk) of the fluid particle at that point
(½mk). Streamline never cross (½mk). For a fluid undergoing steady flow (½mk), all the fluid particles that pass any given point
follow the same path (½mk) i.e. all the particles passing any given point have the same line of flow (½mk). It follows that in steady
flow (½mk) the streamlines coincide with the lines of flow (½mk).

Given that F = krx η y vz derive stokes law. 5 marks

F = krx η y vz (½mk)
where k is a dimensionless constant
y z
MLT −2=Lx ( ML−1 T −1) ( ¿−1 )
MLT −2=Lx M y L− y T − y L z T −z (½mk)

equating the indices on both sides

M y =M 1 (½mk)
y=1 (½mk)
T − y−z =T −2 (½mk)
− y – z=−2
−1−z =−2
−z=−2+1=−1
z=1 (½mk)
L x – y+ z=L1 (½mk)
x – y + z=1
x−1+1=1
x=1 (½mk)

Solving for x, y and z givens

x=1 , y=1 ,∧z=1
∴ F=krηv (½mk)
A full mathematical analysis reveals that k = 6 π

∴ F=6 πrηv (½mk)

Briefly explain the shape of an aircraft in air as an applications of Bernoulli’s equation 4 marks

Shape of the cross-section of an aircraft in air: This is designed so that the velocity of the air above the wing is greater than that below

it ( 12 mk ) . A region of low pressure is therefore created above the wing ( 12 mk ) and so the aircraft experience an upward force

( 12 mk ) known as lift ( 12 mk )
Low pressure

lift

High pressure
An airplane has a mass of 2.9×106kg and the airflow past the lower surface of the wings at 88 m/s. If the wings have a surface
area of 1100 m2, how fast must the airflow over the upper surface of the wing if the plane is to stay in the air? Consider only
the Bernoulli effect.

Given data:

The mass of airplane is m=2.9×106kg.

The surface area of wing is A=1100m2.

The velocity of air at lower surface is vL=88m/s.

The Bernoulli's equation for same datum height is given by,

PL−PU=1/2ρ(v2U−v2L) 1mk
PL−PU=mg/2A 1mk
PL−PU=(2.9×106kg)(9.8m/s2)/2x200m2 1mk
PL−PU=12.9×103kg/m⋅s2 1mk
Substitute this value in Bernoulli's equation,
12.9×103kg/m⋅s2=1/2(1.26kg/m3)(v2U−(88m/s)2) 1mk
v2U−(88m/s)2=20.47×103kg/m⋅s2
vU≈168m/s 1mk

Briefly explain viscous fluid and velocity gradient. 5 marks

Viscous fluid is a fluid that offers a resistance (1mk) to the motion of any solid through it (1mk) or to its own motion past a solid body
(1mk).

The velocity gradient is defined as the change in velocity (1mk) across fluid flowing in a tube (1mk).

A hole is there in the bottom of the tank having water. If total pressure at the bottom is 3 atm, calculate the velocity of water
flowing from the hole. 5 marks