The Adoring Audience FAN CULTURE AND POPULAR MEDIA edited by LISA A. LEWIS 1442 R London and New York sanvarpan coi pissy ons Kup unas Asuuog|1 Fandom as Pathology: The Consequences of Characterization JOLI JENSON ‘The literature on fandom is haunted by images of deviance. ‘The fan is consistently characterized (referencing the term’s origins) as a potential fanatiZ This means that fandom is seen as excessive, bordering on deranged, behavior! This essay explores how and why the concept of fan involves images of social and psychological pathology. In the following pages I describe two fan types - the obsessed individual and the hysterical crowd. I show how these types appear in popular as well as scholarly accounts of fans and fandom. I consider why these two particular characterizations predominate - what explains this tendency to define fans as, at least potentially, obsessed and/or hysterical fanatics? 1 suggest here that these two images of fans are based in an implicit critique of modem life. Fandom is seen as a psychological symptom of a presumed social dysfunction; the two fan types are based in an unacknowledged critique of modernity. Once fans are characterized as deviant, they can be treated as disreputable, even dangerous ‘others.’ Fans, when insistently characterized as ‘them, can be dis- tinguished from ‘people like us’ (students, professors and social critics) as well as from (the more reputable) patrons or aficionados or collectors. 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