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FACTORS INFLUENCING THE INVESTMENT DECISION OF THE

CUSTOMERS IN BANKING SECTOR, CHENNAI


Abstract-Deposits are not only a part of making process among the customers.
the money supply, they also affect it in The individuals may be equal in all
important ways. Government create aspects, may even be living next door,
and spread money throughout the but their financial planning needs are
economy in response to key movers very different. Hence keeping this in
like investment. Investment is largely mind, the present study is an attempt to
possible because people can move find out the factors which affects
large sums of money by saving, individual investment decision in
transferring and withdrawing funds banking sector and differences in the
from bank accounts. perception of Investors in the decision
of investing in banks.
Bank deposits are a primary tool for
investment, and without them Author’s:
businesses would not be able to access
funds from individuals at all. This Chandrasekaran Siva
study aim at determining the basic MBA,M.Phil,UGC-NET,(Ph.D),
driving force of investment of Assistant Professor, Department of
customer in banking sector and their Management studies, SRM Easwari
perception towards their investment in Engineering College, Chennai –
banking sector. 600089

The study is to know the customers DURGADEVI P K (II YEAR


perception toward the investments in STUDENT)
banks and how the customers are
Affiliation details: Student,
aware of the other form of investments
Department of Management Studies,
like equity, gold, real estate etc.
SRM Easwari Engineering College,
secondly how frequently the customers
Ramapuram, Chennai – 600089
are investing and their satisfaction
towards their investments. The main Author 2 & 3:
aim of this study is to determine the
factor that influence the investors to DHARANI KAMATCHI S,
invest in banking sector. GAJALAKSHMI A

Descriptive research is adopted in the Affiliation details: II year Student,


study. Convenient method has been Department of Management Studies,
used as sampling design with 110 SRM Easwari Engineering College,
respondents. Structured Questionnaire Ramapuram, Chennai – 600089
used for the survey. Primary data has
been used. Appropriate statistical will Email Id:
be used such as Correlation, Chi Chandru.smsiva@gmail.com,
square, Friedmen’s test, ANOVA and sdharani703@gmail.com,
Regression analysis. gaja1805@gmail.com,
This study aims to gain knowledge Contact Number:
about key factors that influence
investment behaviour in banking sector 9884231072,7358622279, 9514713159
and ways these factors impact
investment risk tolerance and decision

1
programme  or through purchase  of
life  insurance or a  home  or by some 
INTRODUCTION: other  mode  of investment like 
investing  in Real Estate (Property) or
Investment means spending of money
in Banks or in saving schemes of post 
in different financial assets or
offices. Each of this investment has
institution for uncertain future rewards
common characteristics such as
and considers risk as well in this
potential return and the risk you must
process. There are three types of
bear. The future is uncertain,
investors like conservative, moderate
and you must determine how much
and aggressive. Traditional financial
risk you are willing to bear since
theory discuss people take decisions
higher return is associated with
rationally , but in the same time some
accepting more risk. The individual
people also do irrational decisions as
should start by specifying investment
well that affect their future. Investors
goals. Once these goals are established,
are supposed to be rational creature,
the individual should be aware of
who studies the technical and
the mechanics of
fundamental analysis of the investment
investing and the environment in
market avenues prior to invest their
which investment decisions are made.
hard earned money. The important
These  include  the  process by which
purpose of investors making
securities are  issued  and 
investment is to both maximize their
subsequently bought and sold,
income and minimize their expenses.
the regulations and tax laws that have 
In finance literature, individuals are
been enacted  by various levels of
considered to behave judiciously while
government, and the sources of
pursuing their own benefits. In this
information concerning investment
context, individuals spare some of their
that are available to the individual.
hard earned income for expenditure
and some amount for saving. Within Today the field of investment is even
this framework, individuals route their more dynamic than it was only
savings into investment. a decade ago. World event rapidly
events that alter the values of
Many individuals find investments to
specific assets the individual has so
be fascinating because they can
many assets to choose from,
participate in
and the amount of information
the decision making process and see
available to the investors is
the results of their choices. Not all
staggering and continually growing.
investments will be profitable, as
The key to a successful financial plan
investor wills not always make
is to keep apart a larger amount of
the correct investment decisions
savings and invest it intelligently, by
over the period of years;  However,
using a longer period of time. Savings
you should earn a positive return on
accounts, money at low interest rates
a diversified portfolio. Investing is
and market accounts
not a game but a serious subject
do not contribute significantly
that can have a major impact on
to future rate accumulation.
investor's future wellbeing. Virtually
While the highest rate
everyone makes investments. Even if
come from stocks, bonds
the  individual does not  select specific 
and other types of investments in
assets such as stock, investments are 
assets such as real estate. Nevertheless,
still made  through participation in
these investments are not totally
pension plan, and  employee saving 

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safe from risks, so one should try to rate of return which is more then
understand what kind of rate of Inflation. Having clear reasons
risksare related to them or purposes for investing is critical
before taking action. to investing successfully.
Like training in a gym, investing can
Individuals allocate their become difficult, tedious and even
income towards expenditure and dangerous if
savings. Within this boundary, you are not working toward a goal
individuals have to transform their and monitoring your progress. In
savings into investments. Most of the traditional way investors prefer to
individuals find investments to be invest in bank accounts, in gold, silver,
enthralling because they can involve in mutual funds, post office, insurance
the decision making process and companies, and in alternative way in
appreciate the results of their choices. stock market, derivatives, portfolio etc,
The main purpose of investors engaged an investor who does not want to take
in investment is to both maximize their risk of their capital they prefer to
income and minimize their expenses. invest in banking sector because
Not all investments will be profitable, baking offering reasonable rate of
as investor will not always make the return with less risk.
correct investment decisions. However,
he should earn a positive return on a IDENTIFIED PROBLEM:
diversified portfolio. Financial
planning needs are different. Investors Bank deposits are a primary
have many social oriented needs, tool for investment, and without them
which can have significant businesses would not be able to access
implications for their decision making funds from individuals at all. Thus,
process. Each of his investment has bank deposits is important for every
special characteristics such as potential point of view i.e. business, banks,
return and the risk that he must bear. customers etc. The aim of the study is
The future is uncertain, and he must to determine the factor that influence
determine how much risk he is willing the investment decision of customers
to bear since higher return is associated in banks.This study will
with accepting more risk. This study straightforwardly influence the
was designed at identifying the planning and decision making of
variables that have most and the least Banks. It will give a structure to banks,
influence factors on the investment so they can configuration such
behaviour of the investor. investment or speculation plans for
their clients that can fulfill or draw in
To understand the characteristics of their clients towards their venture
each one of the different types of designs that will expand their business.
investment you must
have enough financial knowledge. NEED FOR THE STUDY:
Furthermore, inflation has
The study is to know the
served to increased awareness of
customers perception toward the
the importance of financial
investments in banks and how the
planning and wise investing. More
customers are aware of the other form
Inflation is a worry for each and every
of investments like equity, gold, real
individual. Due to Inflation value of
estate etc. secondly how frequently the
your money in future will decrease. 
customers are investing and their
To Cope up this, Investors wants
satisfaction towards their investments.
to invest their money and earn certain

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The main aim of this study is to technological factors with 21
determine the factors that influence the structured questions from 515
investors to invest in banking sector. investors who have invested in equity
market. The study revealed that
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: Investors decisions are influenced by
psychological factors and behavioural
 To determine the basic
dimensions. The research presents the
driving force of investment
dependence of small investors on the
in banking sector.
advice of leading companies. It also
 To check the factors that shows lack of confidence in their
effect on an individual for knowledge to decide. It also revealed
making an investment and that a prudent investor who can control
what the individual his emotions can use his money for
requires. hedging against inflation by
 To measure the perception identifying sources of right analytical
of customers regarding their presentation and by sparing sufficient
choice of investment in time for investment decisions. It also
banking sector. suggested that Securities and Exchange
 To study the significance of Board of India must include the role of
demographic factors behavioural dimensions in its
influencing the basis of awareness campaign due to the critical
investment preference. nature of these factors in investment
SCOPE OF THE STUDY: decisions. It also recommended that the
investment analyst must incorporate
This study aims to gain behaviour factors in their analytical
knowledge about key factors model though they are qualitative in
that influence investment behaviour in nature.
banking sector and ways these factors
impact investment risk tolerance Viswanadham N, Edward N,
and decision making process Dorika&Mwakapala D (2014),
among the customers. The individuals undertook a study of perceptual factors
may be equal in all aspects, may even influencing investors buying behaviour
be living next door, but their financial in Tanzanian equity Market with an
planning needs are very different. objective to determine the factors
Hence keeping this in mind, influencing investors buying behaviour
the present study is an attempt in Tanzanian equity market and to
to find out Factors which affects identify importance of sociological,
individual investment decision in psychological and economic factors
banking sector and Differences in that affect investor’s decision. This
the perception of Investors in study was carried with a sample of 50
the decision of investing in banks. investors, which includes 40 customers
who had defaulted and 10 Dar ee
LITERATURE REVIEW: Salaam Exchange staff. The study has
revealed that economic condition and
Jansirani & Shanmugasundaram GDP impact, government policies
(2012) has carried out a study titled significantly have impact on the equity
“Influential factors in Investment market, i.e., strong performance of
decision making” with an objective to economy results into behavioural
study the various factors that influence finance issues. The results show that
investors’ decision making process and concentration of trading activities is
to analyse the impact of the

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negatively associated with insider has revealed that there was significant
trading activities. The findings also difference between the behaviour of
include listed companies should pay the investor of different segments
attention to several factors like while investing in the secondary
building brand, quality management market. The style of investment is
decisions, transparency in settlement different for different kind of investors
issues. It also suggested that investors such as traders are active investors
should also take into consideration while long term investors are passive
economic condition and GDP when investors. Investors generally invest in
taking investment decisions and also stock market either for growth, while
the investors are investing in a very traders invest with the objective to earn
systematic manner for a future need. short term profit. It also revealed that
majority of the respondents are
Rajkumar S &Venkatramaraju D investing in the stock market with the
(2014) carried out a study on factors objective to have higher returns and the
influencing individual investors second preference is given to Growth
towards IPOs Performance with an and least number of investors invest
objective to find out the investors with the purpose to meet their
perception towards the equity and tax contingencies. It also suggested that
saving mutual funds and to analyse the investors should make the investment
performance of IPOs in the market with proper planning keeping in mind
during the financial year 2014 and to their investment objectives.
ascertain the factors contributing to the
underpricing or over pricing of IPO in Umamaheswari S & Ashok Kumar
India considering 24 factors. The study M (2014) undertook a study of the
concluded that IPOs based on rumor investment perspectives of the salaried
and hearsay must be avoided. The strata at Coimbatore District with an
investors must be choosy while objective of to ascertain the investment
investing in IPOs. Investor should only priority of a person based on the level
few IPOs and should not invest in all of exposure, intensions, beliefs,
the IPOs. The researcher also identified responsibilities etc. The study was
that liquidity, rate of return and market carried out with a sample of 1000
share the elite performance of the investors. The study revealed that that
equity / tax saving mutual fund. It also awareness on investment is the need of
suggested that the organisations should the hour for the investors through
be cautious in making investment number of institutions part with
towards various financial instruments investor’s education as they are not
which safeguard the interest of the sufficient. It also suggested for
investors. developing both the behaviour and
investment models of a specific group
Preeti Singh &Harpreet Singh Bedi of the society.
(2011) studied the Investors Behaviour
in secondary market with an objective Manoj sharma, Sai Vijay T, Pateria
to study the difference in behaviour of L P &Sheetal Sharma (2012) has
investors, investment style of investors done an empirical study on the impact
belonging to different segments of of demographic factors on the
society and to study the factors which satisfaction of investors towards
impact the individual behaviour of insurance policies with a sample of 358
investor. The study was conducted respondents in Chattisgarh state. The
with a sample of 150 investors in 3 study reported that demographic
different districts of Punjab.The study factors like age, employment,

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education level and monthly income financial knowledge and investment
were found to have significant risk preference with individual
association with the satisfaction of the investment behaviour. The sample of
investors whereas gender, marital was taken in Mumbai through mails.
status do not have an association with Mails were sent to 55 persons and
the satisfaction of the investors. It also responses were received from 30
suggested that insurance companies in persons and these were considered as
the state should attempt to target the samples. The study revealed that there
investors by focusing on these two was no significant relationship between
insignificant demographic factors. knowledge and individual investment
behaviour and also no significant
Mehmet Islamoglu, Mehmet Apan, relationship between investor risk
AdemAyvali (2015) had undertaken a preference and individual investment
study titled “Determinations of factors behaviour. It was also concluded that
affecting individual investor significant correlation between
behaviours: A study on Bankers”, with knowledge and risk preference.
a sample of 277 bank employers in 24
branches of 14 banks in Turkey. The Statman (1988) observed that
objectives of the study is to ascertain people trade for both
the correlation between the income cognitive and emotional reasons. They
effect on investment decision, trade because they think they
investment information tracking and have information, when in reality they
payment behaviour, impact of religion make nothing but noise and trade only
and society on investment decision. because trading brings them joy
The study has revealed that individual and pride. Trading brings pride when
investors are affected by several decisions made are profitable, but it
factors while they direct their savings brings regrets when they are not.
at investments. It was revealed that Investors try to avoid the pain of regret
there was a significant relation by avoiding realization of losses,
between investment information and employing investment advisors as
traditional investment behaviour. It scapegoats and avoiding stocks of
was also uncovered that there was not companies with low reputations.
positively a significant relation
between religion and society during Harlow and Brown (1990) observes
investment decisions. Investors also that psychologists tend  to believe that
had alternative plans to reduce the risks an individual’s choice is primarily
and gave importance to innovation determined by factors
financially. It also revealed that they unique to the particular decision
showed interest in financial setting, whereas economists
information presented by means of assume that there  is some  individual
communication instruments such as specific mechanism 
media and the internet and kept pace playing a common role in all
with progress of their investment economic decisions.
instruments.
Warren et al. (1990) and Rajarajan
SmitaMazumdar (2014), has carried (2000) predict individual investment
out a study on Individual investment choices (e.g., stocks, bonds,
behaviour with respect to financial realestate) based onlifestyle and demog
knowledge and investment risk raphic attributes. These investors see
preference with an objective to find the rewards as contingent upon their own
significant relationship between behavior.

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(Rajarajan, 2002). Gupta (1991) Scheme  for Retired  Employees
argues that designing a portfolio for a (DSRE),and  the  Overall Score
client is much more than merely Confirmed  that  the  level of
picking up securities for investment. awareness among  investors in the  old 
The portfolio manager needs age group  was higher  than in those  of
to understand the psyche of his client young  age group. NO differences
while designing his portfolio. were observed among male and female
Risk tolerant investors behave as investors except for NSS and KVP.
though they can control risk. This
suggests that risk tolerance serves as National Council of
a proxy for an ‘illusion of control’ Applied Economic Research (NCEA)
and thus overconfidence (1961) ‘Urban Saving survey’ noticed 
[Madhusoodanan(1997); that irrespective  of occupation
Odean (1998);Barber and Odean followed  and  educational level and 
(2001) ;Benartzi and Thaler (2001) ; age attained, households in  each
Gervais and Odean(2001) ; And Daniel group  thought  saving  for the  future 
and Huberman (2003)]. was desirable.  It was found that
desire to make provision for
Barber and Odean (2000) emergencies were a very
explored the impact of important motive for saving for
intuitive thinking on investment old age. Securities
preference to study the experience of and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
actual investors. The ET Retail Equity and NCEA (2000) ‘Survey of Indian
Investor Survey (2004) in Investors’ had been report that Safety
the secondary market and Liquidity were the primary
identified different categories of considerations which
investors based on their characteristics determined the choice of an asset. In
and attitude towards secondary market this paper we are trying to find out
investments. A study by on 245  Kuala  the Factors which influence individual
Lumpur Stock  Exchange individual investment decision, the difference in
investors from Kula Lumpur the perception of Investors in
and Petaling Jaya, reveal that there are the investing process on the basis of
some  differences between Age and the difference in perception of
active and passive investors in terms of the Investors on the basis of Gender.
demographic and psychographics,
investment characteristics as well as RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
investment behavior.
The research methodology depicts the
Karthikeyan (2001) has flow of the research process and serves
conducted research on Small Investors as guidance for the research to carry
Perception on Post office Saving  out the research study. It comprises of
Schemes and found that there was data source, sample size, sampling
significant difference among the four techniques and tools of analysis. In this
age groups, in the level  of awareness research study, the researcher has used
for kisan vikas patra (KVP), National the primary data obtained from 110
Savings Scheme (NSS), and deposit respondents of customers in banking
sector.

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Research Descriptive research
Design
Study Chennai
Area

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Sampling Customers of various
Unit banks
Sampling Convenient sampling
Method
Sample 110 Investors
Size
Nature of Primary data
Data
Sources of Survey method through
Primary Questionnaire
Data
Tool used Structured Questionnaire
for Data
collection
Type of Close ended, open ended
Questions
Statistical Chi square, Anova,
Tools Correlation and
Used regression and
Friedman’s test
from the survey to arrive at the
conclusions.
SAMPLE SIZE:
INFERENTIAL ANALYSIS:
Sample size denotes the
number of elements selected for the ONE WAY ANOVA TEST
study. For the present study, 110
respondents were selected at random. Null Hypothesis (H0): There is no
All the 110 respondents were the significant relationship between
customers of different banks. respondents who are ready to invest
and their satisfaction level.
The study will be based on
questionnaire with convenience Alternate Hypothesis (H1): There is
sampling method and the data analysis a significant relationship between
respondents who are ready to invest
and their satisfaction level.
Descriptive of ANOVA Table:

Ready_to_invest
95% Confidence
Std. Interval for Mean
Deviati Std. Lower Upper Minimu Maximu
N Mean on Error Bound Bound m m
Highly 1 1.00 . . . . 1 1
Unsatisfied

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Unsatisfied 6 1.00 .000 .000 1.00 1.00 1 1
Neutral 32 1.41 .499 .088 1.23 1.59 1 2
Satisfied 63 1.05 .215 .027 .99 1.10 1 2
Highly 8 1.38 .518 .183 .94 1.81 1 2
Satisfied
Total 110 1.17 .380 .036 1.10 1.24 1 2

TESTS OF HOMOGENEITY OF VARIANCES:

Levene
Statistic df1 df2 Sig.
Ready_to_inves Based on Mean 51.774 3 105 .000
t Based on Median 9.100 3 105 .000
Based on Median and 9.100 3 60.656 .000
with adjusted df
Based on trimmed 50.161 3 105 .000
mean

Table: Tests Of Homogeneity Of Variances4

ANOVA:

Ready_to_invest
Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between 3.267 4 .817 6.888 .000
Groups
Within Groups 12.451 105 .119
Total 15.718 109

RESULT: Rejected and Alternate Hypothesis is


accepted. Therefore, there is a
Since the calculated p value is relationship between respondents ready
0.001<0.05. Null Hypothesis is to invest and their satisfaction level.
 The distribution of sample says
that majority of people which is
FINDINGS: 55.5% are at the age of 18 to
30. People at the age of 18 to

10
30 prefer to make investments people are investing quarterly
in banking sector. and 20.9% of people are
 The distribution of sample says investing monthly.
that majority of people which is  The distribution of sample says
64.5% are male. This clearly that majority of people which is
shows that males are more 52.7% prefer to invest for the
interested in investing in time period of 1 to 3 years.
banking sector.  The distribution of sample says
 The distribution of sample says that 56% of people are slightly
that majority of people which is aware of bonds, 56% of people
66.4% are graduates. Graduates are slightly aware of
are constantly looking for debentures, 59% of people are
creating multiple sources of moderately aware of equity
income and are interested in shares, 55% of people are
investing in banking sector. moderately aware of
 The distribution of sample says government securities. 60% of
that majority of people which is people are very aware of
62.7% are working in private mutual funds. 58% of people
sector. The report clearly shows are very aware of real estate,
that people who are working at 60% of people are very aware
private sector are more into of gold. So majority of people
investing in banking sectors. are very aware of mutual
 The distribution of sample says funds , real estate and gold.
that 40.9% of people who are  The distribution of sample says
investing in banking sector are that majority of people which is
having their monthly salary 78.2% have already invested in
range between Rs 40,000 and any of the following
Rs 70,000 and 40% of the investments :
people are having their monthly  Bonds
salary range between Rs 10,000  Debentures
and Rs 40,000. This shows that  Equity shares
people having their monthly  Government
salary range between 10,000 securities
and 70,000 are majorly  Mutual funds
investing in banking sectors.  Real estate
 The distribution of sample says  Gold
that majority of people which is  The distribution of sample says
73.6% are investing in fixed that majority of people which is
deposit and 26.4% of people 82.7% are ready to invest in
are interested to invest in these kinds of investments.
recurring deposit.  The distribution of sample says
 The distribution of sample says that majority of people which is
that majority of people which is 37.3% have invested mostly in
69.1% are investing 5% to 10% mutual funds, 25.5% have
of their income in banking invested mostly in bank
sector. deposits, and 16.4% have
 The distribution of sample says invested mostly in gold in the
that majority of people which is past few years.
56.4% are investing yearly in  The distribution of sample says
banking sector. 22.7% of that majority of people which is

11
65% agree that investment in that they like to have a fixed
banking helps to meet their amount of return in future. So
family needs in future, 67% of majority of 59% of people
people agree that investment in agree that they prefer to invest
banking helps to meet in banks because they like to
emergency needs, 63% agree have a risk free investment.
that investment in banking  The distribution of sample says
helps to live a safe and secure that majority of people which is
life, 69% agree that it helps to 57.3% are satisfied with
increase steady capital growth, banking investments. 29.1% are
63% agree that it helps to avoid neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
loss and expenses. So majority with banking investments.
of people invest in banks to  The distribution of sample says
meet family needs, emergency that majority of people which is
needs, secure life, capital 56.4% think that investment in
growth and loss & expenses. other avenues is riskier than
 The distribution of sample says bank investments.
that 49% of people agree that  From this survey, most of the
investment in banks was people suggest mutual funds as
influenced by relatives, 45% the best form of investment in
agree that it was influenced by banking.
peer, 46% agree that it was
influenced by social media, SUGGESTIONS AND
48% agree that it was RECOMMENDATIONS:
influenced by advertisements,  The basic driving force to
64% of people strongly agree invest in banks is security and
that it was influenced by self. benefit reasons. So banks can
So majority of people 64% provide various future
strongly agree that investment investment plans and high rate
in bank was influenced by self. of return other than any other
 The distribution of sample says avenues.
that 57% of people agree that  People prefer to invest in banks
they prefer to invest in banks due to various factors like
because they like to invest for security, awareness, opinion,
less than one year, 46% of benefit and duration. Individual
people agree that they like to require mainly security factor
invest for 5 years or more, 50% to invest in banks.
of people disagree to take  In the past few years, people
investment amount before the have invested mostly in mutual
due date. So majority of people funds. So people choose to
which is 57% agree to invest in invest in fixed deposit and
banks because they like to mutual funds.
invest for less than one year.  People in young age prefer to
 The distribution of sample says invest more, than the elder one.
that 59% of people agree that So elder people can avoid
they prefer to invest in bank taking risky investments while
because they like to have a risk young people can take risk.
free investment, 60% agree that  They can design a new savings
they like to have a high rate of or investment plans for their
return, 49% of people agree customers that can satisfy or

12
attract their customers towards http://journal.uob.edu.bh/xmlui/
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through advertisements, social Investment Decision of
media and pamphlets. Generations in India
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The study was conducted on 110 pdf
customers of banks that constituted the 5) Factors affecting investors
sample size. To collect data the decision-account learning
researcher used a structured https://accountlearning.com/fac
questionnaire that was personally tors-affecting-investment-
administered to the respondents. The decision/
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square, Anova, Correlation and https://www.skillsyouneed.com
regression, Friedman’s test. The /ips/decision-making.html
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