tre perpendicular distance between two ile! tangents of a reversed curved fs 7.5 m and the chord distance from the P.C, io the pt. is equalto 65 m, © Compute the central angle of the teversed curve, @ Compute the common radius of the reversed curve. 4 © Ifthe sta. of the P.C. is-at 4 +560.40, find the stationing of the P.T. Solution: © Central angle of the reversed curve: 44560.40 0 cf 1 — SYMMETRICAL PARABOLIC CURVES In highway practice, abrupt change in the vertical direction of moving vehicles should be avoided. In order {o provide gradual change in its vertical direction, a parabolic vertical curve is adopted on account of its slope which varies at constant rate with respect to horizontal distances. Tae ing =i Sin @ = 65 076.63" 20= 13°15" (central ange) ® Radius of the curve: Cos 13°45 Age R-375=0.913R R= 140.87 m, ® Staioning of PT. 1-8 On ane 180 ine oer (1218) {.=32.58 Sta. of PT. = (4 + 560.40) + 32.58 + 32.58 Sia of PT, = 4+ 625.56 1. The vertical offsets from the tangent to the curve are proportional to the squares of the distances from the point of tangency. ayir ue ie (a? 6 (4)? (xg)? H ovat (i)? ‘ye. H 2 Ly? 2 tal 6) 6) 2. The curve bisects the distance between the vertex and the midpoint of the long chord. From similar triangles: BF= x8a4 BE = BF 1. HH the algebraic difference in the rale of grade of the two slopes is positive, that is (G1- 92), we have a “summit” curve, but Hit is negative, we have a “sag curve". The length of curve of a parabolic vertical curve, refers to-the horizontal distance from the P.C. tothe P.T. 5. The slationing of vertical parabolic curves Is measured not along the curve but along ahotizontal ine. . For a symmetrical parabolic curve, the number of stalons tothe let must be equal {o the number of stations to the right, of the intersection of the slopes or forward and backward tangent. 7. The slope ofthe parabola varies uniformly along the curve, as shown by Cfferensating the equation of the parabolic curve. yoke icy aes The second derivative is ey 2% 2 were SY = rale of change of grade or slope. Therefore the rate of change of constant and equal fo: slope i =m L 122k . The maximum offset H = 1/8 the produc of the algebraic difference between the two rates of grade and the length of curve; From the figure: Hi=BE= foo. L CO=@1-a)9 The slope of the tangent at P.C. is 91. From the equation of the parabola, yekx? oy. See Zh 4 where X= 9, x=,pusssouic CURVES LN Yo 2x ax 22k (S) © 91=2kS; The slope of the tangent at P.T. is ga 4 ® %=-2KL-S)) Divide equation © by @ g__2kSy 2 -2k(L-S)) os Se G2 -(L-Si) -gib #91 S1 = Sy 92 $1 (91-92) = ib ah Soh 92 location of the highest point of the ‘curve from the P.C. }) From the P.T. The slope at the P.C. is g4: * arm ® gy=+2K(L-S2) Atthe PT. x28) ae dx @ location of the highest or lowest point of the curve from the P.T. ‘A patabolic curve has a descending grade of - 0.8% which meets an ascending grade of 0.4% at sta, 10 + 020. The max. allowable change of grade per 20.m. station is 0.15. Elevation at station 10 + 020 is 240.60 m. @ Whatis the length of the curve? @ Compute the elevation of the lowest point ofthe curve. ®. Compute the elevation at station 10 + 000.A vertical highway curve is at times designed to include a particular elevation al a Saat tae ee and backward tangents have already been established. It Is therefore necessary to use a curve with unequal tangents or a compound curve which is usually called ‘unsymmetrical’ or asymmetrical parabolic curve where one parabola extends from the P.C. to a point directly below the vertex and a second Which extends from this point to the Pll. In order to make the entire-curve smooth and continuous, the two parabolas are so constructed so that they will have a common tangent at the point where they joined, that is ata point directly below the vertex. Let us consider the figure shown betow: ty +1 — tak ots L,= length of the parabolic curve on the left side of the vertex. (= length of the parabolic curve on the right side of the vertex. 91 = slope of backward tangent $2 slope of forward tangent Gansiderog tangles AVD and ABC. A @-o)b; ust, H= Male alr +a) hetH 24 heqh S-35F Solving for Ly: 2H (a-m)le ty Lytk 2H + 2HL2= Ly Le (91 Ga) Ul @1-)-2H] = 24 oe Hh ST gn) Applying the squared property of parabola, in solving for the vertical offsets of the parabola. Location ofthe highest or lowest point of the curve. 3) Frome PC when <4 Le 3 oHS-354 PARABOLIC CURVES , be the at the common tangent Lkewlse, the location of the lowest o- periepehahgey highest point of the curve could be computed ftom the P.T. of the curve, tis L594. Considering the symmetrical parabola b) From the P.T. when “5, >H AVF, the location of the highest point of the sag is obtained from the relation. Sei o self o y= ttt. : 2 91-93 Substitutintg these values and solving for gs we have: @ H=Ba-a) 2A Lag Lags Ss a ‘Solving for ga in equation @ 2H=LaQy-Log S, = location of the highest or lowest point of the curve from the P.C. ® yatta 2psapOuc CURVES S-355 ‘substitute equation ® in. get %-82 ee SH tbe | ly & a a Ht lam LFe 52822 tombe. ven > H, the highest or lowest point of te curve is located on the right side of the conve. © When HoH 2 Use: 5 (rom the P.T.) 2 When HB ci 2 Use: ste (from the P.C,) 4o unsymmatrical parabolic curve has a ttrears tangent of - 8% and a back tangent of ‘3%. The length of curva on the left side of ‘te curve is 40 m. Song while that of the right Sis 60 m. long. The P.C. Is at station £766 and has an elevation of 110 m. An ‘Strep is found at station 8 + 800 has an of 196.40 m. © Compute the height of fi needad to cover Se outcrop, © Compute the elavation of curva at station 648% Congute the elevation ofthe highest pol he curve Solution: © Holght of fl needed to cover the outerop: \ Outcrop Eley. of B= 110 + 0.05 (20) - 0.39 Biev, of B= 110.64 m. Depth of fl atthe outergp = 110.81 - 108.40 Depth of l= 2.24 m. ® Elevation of curve at sta. 6 + 820: Boy, of C= 110 + 40 (0.05) 1.58 Bay, of C= 110.44.