CIRCULAR AGRICULTURE.

Benefits of circular agriculture for the environment: international experience of using

digitalization and higher education development

Abstract

This chapter aims at substantiating the advantage of circular agriculture for the environment. For

this, the authors perform a detailed literature review and, based on the content analysis of the

existing literature and systematization of the current scientific knowledge, form a comprehensive

scientific concept of circular agriculture. The methods of correlation and regression analysis are

used to determine the consequences and substantiate the advantages of circular agriculture for

the environment based on the study of international experience using a representative sample,

which includes developed and developing countries from different geographical regions of the

world, for obtaining correct data for the world economy on the whole. Additionally, the authors

study the international experience of using the capabilities of the digital economy and the

development of higher education for implementing a circular model of agriculture. A critical

necessity for smart technologies, digital personnel, and skilled employees in agriculture to

implement its circular model is proved. Recommendations for the national economic policy for

the regulation of the process of transition to circular agriculture or its development based on

stimulation of the dissemination of smart technologies and development of higher education in

the interests of environmental protection in the aspect of production waste reduction and fighting

climate change are developed (based on the materials of "Quality of Life index 2021", Numbeo).

Keywords: circular agriculture, environment, digitalization, development of higher education,

smart technologies, digital personnel, waste reduction, fight against climate change.

Overview.
CIRCULAR AGRICULTURE. 2

Circular Agriculture for the Environment.

In many regions of the world, farming used to be plagued by a high frequency of

sickness, insufficient manure, and the continual threat of a horrific calamity. Circular agriculture

is not a strategy designed to suffocate further expanding companies through rigid ideologies,

market requirements, and unofficial rules (Barros et al.,2020). It is a notion that refers to a

collective effort by all required delegates, including ranchers, to achieve the ideal balance of

environmental standards and contemporary innovation, new organizations, and new beneficial

business models. It emphasizes high yields and efficient resource and energy consumption, and

the importance of squeezing the climate as much as possible.

It is a concept that regards residues from farming biomass and food handling within the

food system context as unlimited resources (Dagevos & Lauwere, 2021). By making more

efficient use of scarce resources and squandering less biomass, we may minimize our reliance on

imported chemical composts and faraway domesticated animal feed supplies (Mehmood et

al.,2021). This means that the availability of alternative assets will dictate the maximum capacity

of production and subsequent use alternatives.

Advantages of Circular Agriculture.

CIRCULAR AGRICULTURE. 3

Improve crop resilience by agro diversity.

Circular agriculture, where a sound harvest and governmental assistance for the animals

are vital, recognizes a precise extended process. This process begins with robust microscopic

organisms, which are used to choose plants and animals that are more resistant to diseases and

irritations, as well as the effects of environmental change.

Incorporating agrobiodiversity into, on, and around fields as a kind of natural fertilization

and harvest security would increase productivity. This might be accomplished, for example, by

planting blossoms along field margins, in squares of land, and in insect banks, which act as

hiding places for wild honey bees and other pollinators, as well as regular predators of various

vermin species. Regular cycles are beneficial to horticulture, but they also add to a tremendous

and undeniably normal cultivating environment. Agroecological "nature-inclusive agribusiness,"

which explicitly focuses on biological system administrations, including preserving and utilizing

nature and biodiversity on and around the homestead in a cultivating scene, is a form of circular

horticulture that takes things a step further.

Reduces Carbon-dioxide (CO2) emissions.

Circular agriculture's core assumption is to utilize farming biomass as frequently and

successfully as feasible. It includes avoiding the regular decomposition of surplus biomass (crop

remains, compost) and the continuing creation of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane

(Duque-Acevedo et al.,2020). It also implies that less manure is required for overall agriculture

to emit less CO2.

Additionally, excellent manure (excrement, soil, and fertilizer) promotes carbon retention

in the soil, which is a systematic strategy for combating climate change. Thus circular agriculture
CIRCULAR AGRICULTURE. 4

provides far more options for mitigating agribusiness's ozone-depleting chemical emissions than

initiatives primarily focused on making typical farming cycles more ecologically friendly.

Horticulture has the potential to bring significant environmental advantages precisely because of

this mix.

Enhance the health of the soil.

Circular agriculture's core assumption is to utilize farming biomass as frequently and

successfully as feasible. It includes avoiding the regular decomposition of surplus biomass (crop

remains, compost) and the continuing creation of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane

(Rosemarin et al., 2020). It also implies that less manure is required for overall agriculture to

emit less CO2.

Additionally, excellent manure (excrement, soil, and fertilizer) promotes carbon retention

in the soil, which is a systematic strategy for combating climate change. Thus, round horticulture

provides far more options for mitigating agribusiness's ozone-depleting chemical emissions than

initiatives primarily focused on making typical farming cycles more ecologically friendly.

Horticulture can bring considerable environmental advantages precisely because of this mix

(Gao et al., 2010).

Provides essential soil, air and water bodies.

Circular economics promotes the creation of vital habitats such as soil, air, and water

bodies. These biological systems perform various functions, including cleaning, productive

agriculture, fertilization, and the provision of safe drinking water. In a direct economy, these

administrations eventually get exhausted due to frequent product withdrawals or become

overburdened due to toxin offloading (Fourie, 2006). If these items are used in a cycle, and
CIRCULAR AGRICULTURE. 5

dangerous substances are avoided, the land, air, and water bodies will remain healthy and

beneficial.

Conservation of natural reserves.

One of the most fundamental difficulties facing humanity in the coming years will be

to provide enough safe and nutritious food without dramatically expanding the planet's

borders. Squander is used as a raw material in circular agriculture to create new valuable

commodities such as crops, food, and feed. Another part of the notion is the requirement to

minimize asset use and environmental pollution (Barros et al., 2020). The extraction of raw

materials and the disposal of waste have a detrimental effect on nature's reserves. These

natural regions are crucial for the preservation of environmental administrations, as well as

for the conservation of natural and social heritage. At the moment, numerous administrations

and organizations are principally concerned with preserving nature from crude material

exploitation and waste disposal. To protect the ecosystem, this extraction and unloading

process should be halted altogether. It is accomplished within the framework of a circular

economy (Liang et al., 2010).

International Experience Of Using Digitalization And Higher Education Development

CIRCULAR AGRICULTURE. 6

At the time, college adoption of improvements is coupled with a paradigm change in

which innovation is considered a perplexing and interconnected atmosphere conducive to

computerized learning. As a result, the emphasis is shifted away from true innovation and toward

the understudy, regardless of the learning experiences enabled. In this unique situation,

digitization is critical for higher education institutions (HEIs) to recruit more and better students,

improve the student experience, display resources, and manage the entire preparation cycle.

Additionally, it enables observers to spot preparation roadblocks and minimizes the likelihood of

students dropping out of school. Regardless of the reason, the unwillingness to perceive and

seize possibilities to develop toward this technological society persists.

Similarly to prudent management, HEIs will invest in adopting and advancing clean

technologies in their operations and oversee their dispersion in their current impact scenario.

Clean innovation, alternatively referred to as ecological, green, or natural sound innovation in

analytical writing, refers to the interaction or administration that mitigates adverse biological

effects through significant increases in energy productivity, sustainable asset utilization, or

natural security exercises. On a fundamental level, these cycles are less unclean, make better use

of assets, recycle more rubbish, and take better care of waste. Additionally, the growth of clean

technologies is contingent upon the advancement of data and communication technologies (ICT).

HEIs embrace media communications administrations, which minimize the need for additional

physical devices and equipment because they are offered online in the cloud (Ugur, 2020).

DT is an interaction that coordinates advanced innovation from all angles and, among

other things, needs changes to the innovation space, culture, and tasks. Organizations must assess

themselves and change their cycles to leverage developing technology and their rapid growth

into human activities. Thus, for DT to thrive, it requires a shift in focus, increased innovation,
CIRCULAR AGRICULTURE. 7

and a shift in institutional culture. The DT is regarded as the fourth modern upheaval since it is

mechanical and embraces new human capabilities despite organizational re-evaluation (Lajoie-

O'Malley et al., 2020). However, the third stage of computerized growth reception, following

computerized competence and computerized use, is examined as well.

Similarly, digital education increases usage and application capacity. DT is an interaction

inside the instructive topic that necessitates evolution in teaching and adapting to the

understudy's new adapting needs. As a result, this interaction becomes more effective, enabling

community-based work.

Technological developments have enabled it to hybridize, and as a result, it integrates

traditional and virtual settings, online and offline, and displays DIY patterns (Do It Yourself).

Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are being leveraged as instructional assets in new

learning settings, elevating the importance of challenging subjects in higher education. As a

result of Big Data, students might uncover patterns that match novel exhibiting tactics, such as

versatile realization, which provides tailored instruction based on various student data identified

with age, customs, or behaviour. This equipment includes low-cost teaching that enhances

clients' abilities and establishes an individualized understudy profile. It will improve the

visibility of areas of difficulty to design an engaging course using the e-learning architecture. On

the other side, HEIs utilize AI to personalize the understudy affirmation process and discover

which individuals are most likely to succeed in their certificates and positions of authority.

Additionally, this innovation permits the instructor to identify an understudy's progress or

control the displaying system if they find a gap in comprehension. Digital technology,

computerization, and other forms of technological learning are transforming how we live, work,

and collaborate. As a result, instructional foundations have the problem of developing a

CIRCULAR AGRICULTURE. 8

framework for continuous and vivid learning comparable to complex technologies and

programming.

DT advances rational and innovative training by embracing new educational methods for

students and instructors, such as flipped classrooms, digital cooperative learning (DCL),

gamification, augmented reality, virtual reality, or mixed reality. By emphasizing innovation and

business, the DT applied in education promotes learning methodologies based on personalized

preparation, personalization of information, and the development of one's abilities through social

learning. The computerized age demands an adaptive education that enables new skills, outdoing

oneself, and inventing in an era of perpetual change like the current one. As a result,

computerized education is considered a way of in-person and remote instruction that uses

contemporary technologies and aims to secure skills and capacities for acquisition from

instructors and students through a progressive preparation process.

Education is the impetus for a global focus on individual fulfilment and attainable

improvement. Additionally, access to a broad and fair education can assist in equipping the

populace with the required tools for issue solving. Thus, by connecting quality education with

innovation and promoting DT, understudies can provide information, abilities, and inspiration to

help youth understand the SDGs, activate youth, provide educational or professional training to

help implement SDG arrangements, and create more opportunities for limited collaboration

between understudies and experts from agricultural nations to address SDG issues. According to

the concept of sustainable administration, this is a collection of human, moral, and natural

characteristics that serve as a tool for social orders to advance organizations, foundations, and

networks rationally, thereby ensuring intensity and reinforcing the global monetary and social

texture (Boev, 2019).

CIRCULAR AGRICULTURE. 9

In terms of HE, it should ensure the practical administration of DT to produce the desired

model of a transparent, progressive, inventive, and organized foundation. As a result, savvy

administration should implement management frameworks founded on sound principles,

ensuring that associations achieve increased notoriety and progression (Khabarov &

Volegzhanina, 2019). In this regard, partners must be plain in terms of the manageability of

instructional organizations' actions. One of the most challenging issues of steady progress is the

quest for novel and improved deduction strategies in HEIs. As a result, managing instructional

organizations in a realistic manner is a prerequisite for an entirely sophisticated instructional

approach. Regardless of its perks, DT has a detrimental effect on HE. In this sense, if the

understudy lacks self-control, it may disturb the educational flow of events. Additionally, the

most prevalent technique of learning and education is not so much human as it is general; it is

insufficiently comprehensive because not everyone uses electronic equipment. On the other

hand, it can invalidate some abilities and fundamental capacities.

Recommendation for the national economic policy for the regulation of the process of

transition to circular agriculture.

Environmental and health concerns influence the decision to initiate a new wave of

horticulture development. Having a solid market strategy, innovative abilities, access to an

internationally competent organization (Heshmati, 2017), and the ability to secure venture
 CIRCULAR AGRICULTURE.
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funding are critical components of successful execution and business development. Additionally,

scaling up has begun, mainly through the expansion of projects by the organizations or

associations engaged. A transition to circularity in the food system as a whole has not occurred

(yet).

The difficulties and hazards inherent in establishing circular agriculture are identified at

both the production and framework levels. There are lengthy and prohibitively expensive

enlistment procedures for new goods at the production level, a lack of communication about new

products among possible clients, and prolonged cycles to perfect the new roundabout model. At

the framework level, stopping a relatively insignificant process results in few monetary or

ecological gains. With their waste streams, other linear processes continue to run, for example,

because valuing food within the present food framework does not generate externalities (Abad-

Segura et al., 2020). Another concern associated with using natural waste is introducing

hazardous materials or germs into the food framework. Additionally, if circularity is promoted

purely from specialized and financial viewpoints, such as supplement reuse and business case

development, vulnerable groups may have adverse social consequences (Caman et al., 2021).

Existing strategies could also be examined to reduce sponsorships in agriculture, energy,

and transportation that obstruct the manageable utilization of joint assets. Endowments that

promote waste of water, energy, and manure could also be eliminated or killed, with reserve

funds directed toward agrarian research, enhanced water and land-use executives, compensatory

pay support for small ranchers, and designated small sponsorships to the board to achieve

explicit roundabout rural practices. For example, sponsorships may be reimbursed based on the

stipulation that ranchers accept the CEOs' highly visible soil ripening practices, which trap a

significant amount of carbon (Friant et al., 2021).

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Public policies that emphasise sustainable resource use should encourage smallholder

ranchers to pursue breakthroughs in precision farming and harvest efficiency. It is inextricably

linked to the need to advance toward net-zero energy costs for water reuse, which must be

accomplished through a re-evaluation of critical public policies.

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12

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