PRACTICE TEST 19-8

SECTION I: LISTENING
Part 1: You will hear part of an interview with Norman Cowley, a well-known novelist and biographer.
For questions 1-5, decide whether these following statements are True (T) or False (F).
1. Norman Cowley feels proud of the directness of the writing about his first novel T
2 Norman Cowley thought the review was written in a clever and amusing style in his second novel. F
3. Norman Cowley thinks that if a writer uses people he knows well in a book, the writer will have to alter them
in some way. T
4. Norman Cowley believes that some modern novels don't describe the setting adequately F
5. Norman Cowley likes basing a narrative on actual events about writing a biography F

PART 2: You will hear part of a discussion between Velm a Andrews, a lawyer, and Sergeant William
Bailey, a police officer. Choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear.
6. How did William feel the first time he gave evidence in court?
A. humiliated B. nervous C. furious D. indifferent
7. Velm a suggests that police officers giving evidence should ……….
A. study the evidence more carefully. B. ignore the lawyer for the defence.
C. not take comments personally. D. demonstrate that they are honest and reliable.
8. Velma compares a police officer's evidence to a piece in a jigsaw puzzle because ……….
A. it is unimportant unless it is part of a bigger picture.
B. it m ay not fit in with the rest of the evidence.
C. the defence lawyer w ill try to destroy it.
D the police officer should only talk about his or her evidence.
9. William suggests that lawyers ………….
A adopt a special manner in the courtroom . B. can be detached about a case.
C. might actually be close friends. D. do not take their work seriously.
10. William 's main concern is that………….
 A. a criminal could get away with his or her crime. B. a court case could be confusing,
C. young police officers find courts terrifying. D. police officers might argue with the lawyer.

PART 3: You will hear an interview with a man called Jon Simmons and a woman called Clare Harries,
who both work as life coaches. Choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you
hear, using NO MORE THAN FIVE WORDS for each answer. (10 pts)
11. What made the sea water shake?
………………………………the earthquake…………………………………..
12. What threw the pebbles into the air?
……………………………………explosion………………………………..
13. What was mixed with silt to form a layer of rock?
……………………………………sand……………………………………..
14. What shaped the ripples on top of the rock?
…………………………the huge waves…………………………………………..
15. How was the meteorite's impact after an hour?
………………………………………………………..

PART 4: You will hear part of an interview with a sculptor who is talking about his life and work. For
questions 1-10, complete the sentences. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A
NUMBER taken from the recording for each answer in the spaces provided. (20 pts)
Alan's father originally wanted him to work as an (16) …accountant…….. in the family firm.
Alan describes his father as feeling (17) …relieved……when the sculpture teacher thought little of his work.
The subject that Alan eventually decided to study at university was (18) ……mathematics….
Alan disagreed with his father's belief that art was not really a (19) …professional…….. activity.
Alan describes his father's attitude once he had taken up sculpture as (20) …supportive……
Alan describes the approach at the art college as very (21) …traditional…. Harold Morton disagreed with the
way
Alan managed to combine that with the final years of college, which made (22)…all the difference….
Alan was taught (23) ………drawing…. by the college staff.
Alan learnt how (24)…a sculptor draws…, because he was being taught by painters, who are looking at things
in a different way.
Alan accepts that the term (25) ……abstract art….. describes the type of work he does these days.

SECTION II: LEXICO & GRAMMAR

Part 1. Choose a word or phrase that best completes each sentence.
1. The day their first child was born, the new parents were ______ with joy.
 A. overpowered B. overtaken C. overthrown D. overcome
2. He was in the ______ of despair when he heard that his mother was leaving him.
A. abyss B. pits C. valley D. depths
3. She is usually ______ courteous to strangers.
A. absolutely B. exceedingly C. somewhat D. utterly
4. Many people no longer trust their own ______ memories and commit every detail of their lives to some
digital device or other and are completely lost without it.
 A. controllable B. susceptible C. vulnerable D. fallible
5. I am not surprised their marriage is on ______. They are the most incompatible couple I know.
A. a razor edge B. the rocks C. broken wings D. a roll
6. Her parents died when she was a baby, so I ______ family she ever had.
A. was all the B. was the whole
C. was nothing but the D. was everything of the
7. - Nadine: “I’ve been offered $550 for my stereo. Should I take it or wait for a better one?”
 - Kitty: “Take the $550. ______.”
A. Actions speak louder than words. B. Kill two birds with one stone.
C. The early bird catches the worm. D. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
8. We do not have a secretary ______, but we do have a student who comes in to do a bit of filing.
A. as such B. the least bit C. whatsoever D. little more
9. The experimental play was only a ______ success, which disappointed the playwright.
A. local B. qualified C. reserved D. cautious
10. The police have been ______ the district for the murderer, leaving no stone unturned.
A. brainwashing B. penetrating C. ransacking D. scouring

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined part in each of the following questions.
11. Because Jack defaulted on his loan, the bank took him to court.
A. failed to pay B. paid in full C. had a bad personality D. was paid much money
12. His career in the illicit drug trade ended with the police raid this morning .
A. elicited B. irregular C. secret D. legal
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in
meaning to the underlined part in each of the questions.
13. In remote communities, it's important to replenish stocks before the winter sets in.
A. remake B. empty C. refill D. repeat
14. There has been no discernible improvement in the noise levels since lorries were banned.
A. clear B. obvious C. thin D. insignificant

Part 2: The passage below contains 10 mistakes. Identify the mistakes and write the corrections in the
corresponding numbered boxes.

Line
1 For centuries, scientist(s) and philosophers have been fascinated by the brain, until
recently viewed as nearly incomprehensible. Two thousand five hundred years ago
Hippocrates argued that the brain more than the heart, which is what his contemporaries
believed, is the seat of thought, sensation, emotion and cognition. In the 17 th and 18th
5 centuries, anatomists began depicting the structure of the brain with increasing accuracy.
However, not until the 19th century it was confirmed that nerves and muscles generate
electrical impulses. All of this pave the way for the modern era of neuroscience, beginning
 with the work of Spanish anatomist Ramon y Cajal on the dawn of the 20 th century: he
suggested that our abilities depend on the way neurons are connected, not on any special
10 features of the cells themselves. And in recent years, due to the accelerating pace of
research in neurological and behavior science, along with the development of new research
techniques, scientists have begun to understand much more about the 100 billion neurons
which, along with trillions of neural connections, construct the most intricate organ of the
human body, weigh three pounds and using a fifth of a person’s blood supply.
 15

SECTION III. READING

Part 1. Read the following passage and choose the words that best complete the sentences.
Every now and then we hear someone claiming to be ________1____ or to experience precognitive dreams or
to have premonitions about imminent ______2_______. Sometimes, we meet people who have participated in
spiritualistic seances where they have _____3_______ miraculous parapsychological occurences or listened to
mediums making their pessimistic prophecies about the future or even using their second sight for
_______4______ past memories.
Parapsychology or extrasensory perception which includes such phenomena as spychokinesis,
clairvoyance and out-of-body experiences is fiercely _______5______ by its opponents finding no scrap of
evidence for the reliability of performances like foreseeing future events or _____6_______ messages without
any use of sensory means, namely, by telepathy. Neverthless, the acquisition of information by use of
nonsensory channels can sometimes be of great advantage to those who aspire at ____7_______ the most
enigmatic questions like the mysterious cases of crime or missing individuals. Although officially the police
deny having ______8_____ to parapsychology, they do benefit from its vast potential whenever any clear
evidence is ____9_______. The psychics are then employed with the hope that their original practices will
throw new light on many cases.
Despite the growing interest in extrasensory perception and its possible applications, convetional scientists
disregard it as highly ________10______.
1. A. clairvoyant B. supernatural C. extraordinary D. subconscious
2. A. discrepancies B. qualms C. turmoils D. adversities(misfortune)
3. A. beheld B. overlooked C. visualized D. partaken
4. A. invigorating B. rejuvenating C. animating D. resuscitating(revive)
5. A. dispelled B. deprecated C. deferred D. dispensed
6. A. releasing B. emanating C. transmitting D. dissenting
7. A. disentangling B. renouncing C. exploring D. detecting
8. A. support B. aid C. plea D. recourse
 9. A. falling short B. laying bare C. running low D. coming clean
10. A. benevolent B. obscure C. incongruous D. irrefutable

PART 2. Fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE suitable word and write your answers in
the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
LIFE IN THE FAST LANE
In our modern, competitive world, employers are beginning to expect almost complete concentration (1)
from their employees. But what is it that is leading a growing army of workers to tolerate such heavy demands
all for the sake (2) of earning a little money? Peer pressure is certainly a part of it. Incessant media pressure has
a lot to answer (3) for too. We are bombarded by images of the latest products …available.. (4) to those who are
in the right earning group and the fact that the majority of people use plastic to purchase goods these days is
revealing (5) of the “spend now, pay later” culture that is blighting modern society and leading so many into
debt.
The prevailing trend for young people to spend hours surfing the internet and the growing popularity of
eBay has made (6) it all too easy for people to purchase expensive goods without really coming to terms (7)
with how much money they are spending. Perhaps, most at fault, however are the credit card companies and
banks that permit and often blatantly encourage people to spend beyond their means. Once people are caught (8)
in this kind of financial trap, it is incredibly difficult for them to extract themselves from the burden of interest
that must be paid on expensive loans and overdrafts.
So how can we learn to evaluate our life in a more constructive manner? There is a need to regain some
of the basic priorities and values of the past. There needs to be a shift (9) in emphasis from materialism to
building and maintaining personal relationship, both within a close-knit (10) circle of family and friends and
with colleagues and associates. Welfare needs to become the number one priority in a world that is becoming
smaller through technology. The global village needs to adopt a village mentality of caring by going back to the
basics.

Part 3: Read the text and choose the best answer A, B, C or D.

Suddenly international trade has become a very controversial issue. When the representatives of about a
hundred states met in Uruguay to form the World Trade Organisation the response of the public in general was a
big yawn. Most people did not think that complicated agreements on things like import taxes could have very
much effect on their lives, and they were just not interested. How different it was at the last meeting of the
WTO in Seattle!
This time the delegates were met by a rainbow coalition of protesters, from members of trade unions to
anarchists and environmentalists. Many of the protests were passive and peaceful, or consisted of
demonstrators blocking roads and making it difficult for delegates to get to meetings. However, other
demonstrations were violent, and by the end of the first day, shop windows had been broken, cars wrecked and
police had fired tear gas at the demonstrators.
What was all the fuss about? The demonstrators themselves would not have been able to agree. The
environmentalists were afraid that looser trade laws would allow big business to work from countries which
allowed them to pollute the environment. Trade unions were afraid that cheaper labor in the third world would
take their jobs, and the anarchists were, well, just being anarchists.
So with all these objections why did anyone want to increase global trade anyway? Well, it is a fact that
the opening of the markets of the world, and world prosperity have increased together, and countries that have
closed their economies from outside trade, like India, have done much worse than open countries like Thailand
and Singapore.
So who is right? Perhaps both sides have a point. In any case at some time the two groups will have to
talk, so that agreement can be reached so that world trade can become freer while still meeting the concerns of
those opposed to it. But the sudden interest of ordinary people in world trade has been caused by one thing -
people realize that what is decided at these inter-government meetings can change their lives; and not
necessarily for the better.
1. This article is _______.
A. critical of efforts to liberalize world trade B. a discussion of the world economy
C. a review of the arguments about world trade D. about world trade and the environment
2. At the Uraguay talks _______.
A. the WTO was born B. 100 countries joined the WTO.
C. mainly import taxes were discussed D. the environment was not discussed
3. The author suggests that _______.
A. world trade has recently become controversial B. that the WTO is part of the United Nations
C. that demonstrations in Uruguay were peaceful D. world trade is unfair to many countries
4. The demonstrators were _______.
A. worried about the environment
C. mainly anarchists
5. The advantage of world trade is that _______.
A. it gives businesses less environmental laws
C. people can travel more easily
6. The author thinks that _______.
A. the two sides will never agree
C. the two sides must negotiate
7. The article concludes that _______.
A. now most people think world trade is important
B. worried about their jobs
D. concerned about different things
B. it helps countries to become richer
D. it has helped countries like India and Singapore
B. we must choose between free trade and the environment
D. the WTO should listen to its critics
B. world trade must become freer.
 C. trade has been better for Thailand than for India D. inter-government meetings interest ordinary people.
8. Where would you find this sort of article?
A. In a work of fiction B. In an economics magazine
C. In a political journal D. In an anarchist newsletter
9. Which word can replace the word coalition in paragraph 2?
A. coal mining B. coeducation C. combination D. coexistence
10. Anarchists in paragraph 2 are those who _______.
A. establish laws in a particular state. B. excite revolts against the established rule, law, or custom.
C. believe in the current government. D. promote order where necessary.

Part 4: Read the passage and do the tasks below.

 Bio-mimetic Design
What has fins like a whale, skin like a lizard, and eyes like a moth? The future of engineering. Andrew Parker,
an evolutionary biologist, knelt in the baking red sand of the Australian outback just south of Alice Springs and
eased the right hind leg of a thorny devil into a dish of water.

A   “Its back is completely drenched!” Sure enough, after 30 seconds, water from the dish had picked up the
lizard’s leg and was glistening all over its prickly hide. In a few seconds more the water reached its mouth, and
the lizard began to smack its jaws with evident satisfaction. It was, in essence, drinking through its foot. Given
more time, the thorny devil can perform this same conjuring trick on a patch of damp sand – a vital competitive
advantage in the desert. Parker had come here to discover precisely how it does this, not from purely biological
interest, but with a concrete purpose in mind: to make a thorny-devil-inspired device that will help people
collect lifesaving water in the desert. “The water’s spreading out incredibly fast!” he said, as drops from his
eyedropper fell onto the lizard’s back and vanished, like magic. “Its skin is far more hydrophobic than I thought.
There may well be hidden capillaries, channeling the water into the mouth.”
B    Parker’s work is only a small part of an increasingly vigorous, global biomimetics movement. Engineers in
Bath, England, and West Chester, Pennsylvania, are pondering the bumps on the leading edges of humpback
whale flukes to learn how to make airplane wings for more agile flight. In Berlin, Germany, the fingerlike
primary feathers of raptors are inspiring engineers to develop wings that change shape aloft to reduce drag and
increase fuel efficiency. Architects in Zimbabwe are studying how termites regulate temperature, humidity, and
airflow in their mounds in order to build more comfortable buildings, while Japanese medical researchers are
reducing the pain of an injection by using hypodermic needles edged with tiny serrations, like those on a
mosquito’s proboscis, minimizing nerve stimulation.
C   Ronald Fearing, a professor of electrical engineering at the University of California, Berkeley, has taken on
one of the biggest challenges of all: to create a miniature robotic fly that is swift, small, and maneuverable
enough for use in surveillance or search-and-rescue operations. Fearing made his own, one of which he held up
with tweezers for me to see, a gossamer wand some 11 millimeters long and not much thicker than a cat’s
whisker. Fearing has been forced to manufacture many of the other minute components of his fly in the same
way, using a micromachining laser and a rapid prototyping system that allows him to design his minuscule parts
in a computer, automatically cut and cure them overnight, and assemble them by hand the next day under a
microscope.
D  With the micro laser he cuts the fly’s wings out of a two-micron polyester sheet so delicate that it crumples if
you breathe on it and must be reinforced with carbon-fiber spars. The wings on his current model flap at 275
times per second – faster than the insect’s own wings – and make the blowfly’s signature buzz. “Carbon fiber
outperforms fly chitin,” he said, with a trace of self-satisfaction. He pointed out a protective plastic box on the
lab bench, which contained the fly-bot itself, a delicate, origami-like framework of black carbon-fiber struts and
hairlike wires that, not surprisingly, looks nothing like a real fly. A month later it achieved liftoff in a controlled
flight on a boom.Fearing expects the fly-bot to hover in two or three years, and eventually to bank and dive with
flylike virtuosity.
E   Stanford University roboticist Mark Cutkosky designed a gecko-insured climber that he christened
Stickybot. In reality, gecko feet aren’t sticky – they’re dry and smooth to the touch – and owe their remarkable
adhesion to some two billion spatula-tipped filaments per square centimeter on their toe pads, each filament
only a hundred nanometers thick. These filaments are so small, in fact, that they interact at the molecular level
with the surface on which the gecko walks, tapping into the low-level van der Waals forces generated by
molecules’ fleeting positive and negative charges, which pull any two adjacent objects together. To make the
toe pads for Stickybot, Cutkosky and doctoral student Sangbae Kim, the robot’s lead designer, produced a
urethane fabric with tiny bristles that end in 30-micrometer points. Though not as flexible or adherent as the
gecko itself, they hold the 500-gram robot on a vertical surface.
F   Cutkosky endowed his robot with seven-segmented toes that drag and release just like the lizard’s, and a
gecko-like stride that snugs it to the wall. He also crafted Stickybot’s legs and feet with a process he calls shape
deposition manufacturing (SDM), which combines a range of metals, polymers, and fabrics to create the same
smooth gradation from stiff to flexible that is present in the lizard’s limbs and absent in most man-made
materials. SDM also allows him to embed actuators, sensors, and other specialized structures that make
Stickybot climb better. Then he noticed in a paper on gecko anatomy that the lizard had branching tendons to
distribute its weight evenly across the entire surface of its toes. Eureka.”When I saw that, I thought, wow, that’s
great!” He subsequently embedded a branching polyester cloth “tendon” in his robot’s limbs to distribute its
load in the same way.
G   Stickybot now walks up vertical surfaces of glass, plastic, and glazed ceramic tile, though it will be some
time before it can keep up with a gecko. For the moment it can walk only on smooth surfaces, at a mere four
centimeters per second, a fraction of the speed of its biological role model. The dry adhesive on Stickybot ‘s toes
isn’t self-cleaning like the lizard’s either, so it rapidly clogs with dirt. “There are a lot of things about the gecko
that we simply had to ignore,” Cutkosky says. Still, a number of real-world applications are in the offing. The
Department of Defense’s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), which funds the project, has
it in mind for surveillance: an automaton that could slink up a building and perch there for hours or days,
monitoring the terrain below. Cutkosky hypothesizes a range of civilian uses. “I’m trying to get robots to go
places where they’ve never gone before,” he told me. “I would like to see Stickybot have a real-world function,
whether it’s a toy or another application. Sure, it would be great if it eventually has a lifesaving or humanitarian
role…”
H   For all the power of the biomimetics paradigm, and the brilliant people who practice it, bio-inspiration has
led to surprisingly few mass-produced products and arguably only one household word – Velcro, which was
invented in 1948 by Swiss chemist George de Mestral, by copying the way cockleburs clung to his dog’s coat.
In addition to Cutkosky‘s lab, five other high-powered research teams are currently trying to mimic gecko
adhesion, and so far none has come close to matching the lizard’s strong, directional, self-cleaning grip.
Likewise, scientists have yet to meaningfully re-create the abalone nanostructure that accounts for the strength
of its shell, and several well-funded biotech companies have gone bankrupt trying to make artificial spider silk.
Questions 1-5
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage?
           TRUE                         if the statement agrees with the information
           FALSE                       if the statement contradicts the information
          NOTGIVEN              if there is no information on this
1 Andrew Parker failed to make effective water device which can be used in desert. NOTGIVEN
2  Skin of lizard is easy to get wet when it contacts water. FALSE
3  Scientists apply inspiration from nature into many artificial engineering. TRUE
4  When gecko climbs downward, its feet release a certain kind of chemical to make them adhesive. NOTGIVEN
5  Famous cases stimulate a large number of successful products of biomimetics in real life. FALSE

Questions 6-8: Filling the blanks below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each question of
robot below.
Ronald Fearing was required to fabricate tiny components for his robotic fly (6) the same way by specialized
techniques.
The robotic fly’s main structure outside is made of (7) carbon-fiber and long and thin wires which make it
unlike fly at all.
Cutkosky applied an artificial material in Stickybot’s (8) legs and feet as a tendon to split pressure like lizard’s
does.
Questions  9- 10
Fill the blanks below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer about
facts of stickybot.
9  Stickybot’s feet doesn’t have self-cleaning function which makes it only be able to walk on smooth surface.
10  DARPA are planning to use stickybot for surveillance
Part 5: You are going to read an article about children. For questions 47-56, choose from the sections of the
article (A-E). The sections may be chosen more than once. When more than one answer is required, these may
be given in any order.

In which section of the article is the following mentioned?

47 an example of a sign that has become simpler.

48 the difference between how the deaf children communicate an image and how other people communicate the
same image.
49 the fact that the same signs can be used in the communication of a number of ideas.
50 the characteristics of languages in general at different stages of their development.
51 a belief that language is learnt by means of a specific part of the mind.
52 an aspect of language learning that children are particularly good at.
53 how regularly the children have been monitored.
54 older children passing their sign language on to younger children.
55 the reason why the children created a particular sign.
56 opposing views on how people acquire language.
Deaf Childern’s Ad Hoc Language Evolves and Instructs

A A deep insight into the way the brain learns language has emerged from the study of Nicaraguan sign
language, invented by deaf children in a Nicaraguan school as a means of communicating among themselves.
The Nicaraguan children are well-known to linguists because they provide an apparently unique example of
people inventing a language from scratch. The phenomenon started at a school for special education founded in
1977. Instructors noticed that the deaf children, while absorbing little from their Spanish lessons, had developed
a system of signs for talking to one another. As one generation of children taught the system to the next, it
evolved from a set of gestures into a far more sophisticated form of communication, and today’s 800 users of
the language provide a living history of the stages of formation.
B The children have been studied principally by Dr. Judy Kegi, a linguist at the University of Southern Maine,
and Dr. Ann Senghas, a cognitive scientist at Columbia University in New York City. In the latest study,
published in Science magazine, Dr. Senghas shows that the younger children have now decomposed certain
gestures into smaller component signs. A hearing person asked to mime a standard story about a cat waddling
down a street will make a single gesture, a downward spiral motion of the hand. But the deaf children have
developed two different signs to use in its place. They sign a circle for the rolling motion and then a straight line
for the direction of movement. This requires more signing, but the two signs can be used in combination with
others to express different concepts. The development is of interest to linguists because it captures a principal
quality of human language – discrete elements usable in different combinations – in contrast to the one sound,
one meaning of animal communication. ‘The regularity she documents here – mapping discrete aspects of the
world onto discrete word choices – is one of the most distinctive properties of human language’ said Dr. Steven
Pinker, a cognitive scientist at Harvard University.
C When people with no common language are thrown into contact, they often develop an ad hoc language
known to linguists as a pidgin language, usually derived from one of the parent languages. Pidgins are
rudimentary systems with minimal grammar and utterances. But in a generation or two, the pidgins acquire
grammar and become upgraded to what linguists call creoles. Though many new languages have been created
by the pidgin-creole route, the Nicaraguan situation is unique, Dr. Senghas said, because its starting point was
not a complex language but ordinary gestures. From this raw material, the deaf children appear to be
spontaneously fabricating the elements of language.
D Linguists have been engaged in a longstanding argument as to whether there is an innate, specialised neural
machinery for learning language, as proposed by Noam Chomsky of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
or whether everything is learned from scratch. Dr. Senghas says her finding supports the view that language
learning is innate, not purely cultural, since the Nicaraguan children’s dis-aggregation of gestures appears to be
spontaneous. Her result also upholds the idea that children play an important part in converting a pidgin into a
creole. Because children’s minds are primed to learn the rules of grammar, it is thought, they spontaneously
impose grammatical structure on a pidgin that doesn’t have one.
E The Nicaraguan children are a living laboratory of language generation. Dr. Senghas, who has been visiting
their school every year since 1990, said she had noticed how the signs for numbers have developed. Originally
the children represented ’20’ by flicking the fingers of both hands in the air twice. But this cumbersome sign
has been replaced with a form that can now be signed with one hand. The children don’t care that the new sign
doesn’t look like a 20, Dr. Senghas said; they just want a symbol that can be signed fast.
47 E. Sign representing “20” has become simpler, formerly needing two hands to show and later only one hand.
48 В. Middle of the paragraph compares how hearing and deaf individuals mime a story about a cat walking
down the street.
49 В. Below the middle of the paragraph. Similar signs in combinations can have different meanings.
50 С. The process of language evolution with pidgin language taken as an example
51 D. First sentence of the paragraph talks about the specialized part of human brain.
52 D. Last sentence of the same paragraph. Children’s minds are “primed” to learn the rules of grammar —
meaning that it is much easier to learn them when young.
53 E. First sentence — the visits have been taking place every year since 1990.
54 A. The second part of the paragraph mentions how older generations of children passed on their knowledge
to the younger ones.
55 E. The last sentence of the paragraph states that the children want a sign for a particular reason, in this case
— one that can be shown quickly.
56 D. The first sentence of the paragraph has two opposing ideas on the language origin.

SECTION IV: Writing

Part 1: I. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the original
sentence. If there is a word given, do not alter the word.
1. “Nothing will persuade me to sleep in that haunted house,” she said.
She flatly ……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. I rarely sleep in the afternoon.
I’m not in …………………………………………………………………………………………...
3. It would not have been possible to solve that puzzle, even for a genius.
That puzzle …………………………………………………………………………………………
4. We must continue our efforts, whether there are problems or not.
Regardless ………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. It seems that no one predicted the correct result.
No one ……………………………………………………………………………………………...
6. I don't mind which make of car you choose.
It is of …………………………………………………………………… make of car you choose.
7. You should always be grateful for what you are given. horse
You should …………………………………………………………………………….. the mouth.
8. He promised to look into my case personally. assurance
He ………………………………………………………………….. look into my case personally.
9. The prisoner was unrepentant about the suffering he had caused. remorse
The prisoner ........................................................................... the suffering he had caused.
10. We got no assistance when we needed help and advice. resources
We ……………………………………………………………... when we needed help and advice.
Part 2: A colleague gave you a book which you used for your presentation. Write a letter to your
colleague.
In your letter, you should say:
 what the presentation was about,
 why the presentation was important
  how the book helped you.

Dear Tony,

I am writing this letter to thank you for the book that you gave me last month.

Last week, I had a presentation in my department about how to develop manager software. The
book that you gave me had a lot of things which supports my software. Firstly, I took some
content for the main ideas that I will develop, such as how to arrange jobs, how to filter jobs,
how to set priority jobs, and so on. The book gave me all the results of this software which I
think about every all week. Secondly, for getting up my position in the company, this
presentation is really important to me. However, I had a successful presentation because with
your book I have a lot of ideas that make me get up my work.

In conclusion, I would like to invite you to a restaurant near my house to thank you.

I look forward to hearing from you.

Best wishes,

Tung

Part 3: Even though globalization affects the world's economies in a very positive way, its negative side
should not be forgotten.
Present argumentation to highlight your opinion on this matter. Give reasons and specific examples to
support your opinion(s).
Express your view in an essay of about 300-350 words.
In the present age, globalisation has been sparked as a controversial debate regarding its potential
effects. Some people argue that this trend of international cooperation has fundamentally beneficial
influence, while others contend that its detrimental effect should not be oblivious. This essay will
examine this phenomenon and give my perspective views.
On the one hand, it is undeniable that globalisation is playing a pivotal role in the economic
profileration across the world. As a matter of fact, there have been a great number of multinational
corporations profusely emerged which in turn, exceptionally enhances both demand and supply of
various commodities worldwide. Together with that, collaborations among the nations also contribute
to boost the global economy in favour of mutual imports and exports. For example, within the past
decade, Asian countries such as India, China and Vietnam, with the international outreach policy, those
nations have attained an enormous amount of outsourcing contracts in terms of labour force and
material resources from giant companies like Apple, Samsung or Huawei. Therfore, they have
witnesses economic growth unparalleled by any previous years. In other words, the whole population is
likely to experience much better living conditions when their national economy exceedingly accelerates
regardless of their locations.

Despite the aforementioned advantages derived from globalistion, I would concur with other
individuals to claim that this phenomenon should be taken into closer consideration according to its
destructive ramifications. First and foremost, when it comes to contagious diseases, globalisation,
characterized by the worldwide transportation, can be counterproductive and spin the situation out of
control. Taking the current Covid19 epidemic as an example, the fact that people travelling back and
forth from China where the outbreak originated has constituted menaces to more than 100 countries and
territories around the world in less than 3 months, accounting for thousands of dealths and innumerable
victims living on the verge of medical treatment. Coupled with that, the entre economic system across
the globe has ben severely disrupted as a result of the closure or lockdown of hundreds of factoriws and
airlines. That is to say, official leaders of all nations should never diminish the potential threars of
international development in respect of the long-term sustainability of humankid.

In conclusion, although the merits of globalisation are irrefutable, I believe that this trend profoundly
consists of adverse impacts which should be carefully scruinized by governments worldwide.