Water and Solution

A brick with a crack in it was left outdoors in a cold weather.

Water that was collected in the crack froze into ice. When the temperature rose a little, the ice
melted into water, only to freeze again when the temperature fell. This continued for a long time
until the brick finally split into two.
(a) Explain why the brick split into two.
(b) Describe an experiment we can carry out easily in Malaysia to show an effect similar to the
splitting of a brick due to ice formation. Your experiment should yield results within a short
span oftime.

After washing the blanket, Mrs Edwards hung it on a pole to dry. However, not all parts of the
cloth dried at the same time.

Which of the following shaded parts, W, X, Y and Z, would dry the fastest? Provide an explanation
for your answer.
As water becomes more precious, many countries are building desalination plants to obtain fresh
water.

Tub of seawater Bowl

c:::::::J Plastic sheet

Coin

Side view of apparatus

(a) With the given apparatus above, draw and label, in the space below, how fresh water can be
obtained.

(b) Name two processes that occur in your set-up when the seawater becomes fresh water.

Aimy, a student of 2 Science, has prepared three types of solutions at room temperature using
copper(II) sulphate powder as shown below.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ solution. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ solution. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ solution.

(a) Classify the solutions P, Q and R.

(b) (i) State an observational difference between the solutions.
(ii) What causes the difference stated in (b )(i)?
(iii) What inference can be made based on the answer in (b)(ii)?
(c) Based on solution R, state the meaning of solubility.
(d) In another activity, Aimy adds iron powder to the water in a beaker.
(i) What will be Aimy's observation?
(ii) What do you call the mixture that is formed?
The diagram shows one method to purify water.

Cold water

Muddy water ---1-1.1-1- ---'

J.l
-~~-'n:~:~~

(a) State one advantage and one disadvantage of this method.

(b) If the muddy water is treated in the following methods, will the quality of water produced be
similar to the water purified by the method in (a)? Explain.

Thermometer

Filter paper

-+
Filter funnel Filtrate
0
0

Bunsen burner fl

-+---- Filtrate
\.,

The diagram below shows the steps involved in purifying raw water before they can be channeled
to consumers.

Water fron_i the

reservoir
- 1
'-;:________-_]-
_____ _ _ Oxidation I Coagulation I

l- 1 1- l l
I Fluoridation R: Filtration
- IQ
: I
(a) Complete the steps in the water pwjfication process in the diagram above.
(b) Why is step P an important process?
(c) At which step will bad odour of the water be got rid of?
(d) Suggest what could happen if the coagulation step was skipped.
(e) Which water purification step can be excluded and has been a practice in some developed
countries such as Japan and Britain? Explain your reason.
Rivers are the main source of water in Malaysia. Unfortunately, water pollution makes the water
unsuitable for consumption and also results in negative impacts on the environment.

(a) Domestic waste is the main source of water pollutants. Suggest three methods to overcome
the water pollution caused by domestic waste.
(b) What can happen to a person that goes swimming in the river with condition as shown in the
diagram above?
(c) How does polluted water influence the ecological balance? Explain.