Leigh Shawntel J.

Nitro
BSMT-1A
Biostatistics
Activity n0.2
Answer the following by writing in the blank space below each number.(10 points each )

1. Describe how a random sample of 50 doctors may be drawn from the lists of all doctors
at Zamboanga medical center?

All the doctors will have corresponding number, and each number represents them. Example
if there are total 120 doctors, to choose 50 doctors we can use the random sample method
to be unbiased and to have fair chances of being selected. We can use draw lots and choose
the 50 doctors unbiasedly from the lists of all doctors at Zamboanga Medical Center.

2. Discuss how to get a random sample of 15 out of 75 students using a systematic

random sampling.

To get 15 students out of 75 students using a systematic random sampling, we can use
certain circumstances to select the 15 students. By arranging them logically or systematically,
example, rank the students according to their grades and select the first top 15 students as
the sample from the 75 students.

3. Explain stratified random sampling.

Stratified random sampling can be used when population is bigger and larger around
thousands to select respondents, the researcher will make a subgroup or strata according
to different race, gender, ethnicity, and age range, and from there the researcher will use
the simple random sampling or systematic random. First step is to define the target
population, then recognize the stratification variable, followed by creating, and evaluating
the samples. Then, define the elements per stratum, next is assign numbers to each
element, and size and select random elements. Example in batch 2021 there will be
15,000 students who will graduate from business course and having larger number of
populations can be time consuming for the researcher to conduct the study, so he will
choose to create a group or strata and choose from their using simple random sampling.
This method of sampling produces characteristics in the sample that are proportional to
the overall population.
4. Explain how to draw a random sample of 100 respondents from a population with socio-
economic (low, average, high) using stratified proportional allocation?

In a proportionate stratified method, the sample size of each stratum is proportionate to

the population size of the stratum. To draw a random sample of 100 respondents from a
population with socioeconomic status of low, average, and high using stratified
proportional allocation, we can assume that the total population is 500. Then, assume
that the number of people in stratum, and compute for the strata sample size using the
formula (sample size/population size) x stratum size. Let us assume that the percentage
for low socio-economic status is 43%, then average socio-economic is 37%, and for high
socio-economic is 20%. So, in the total population, which is 500, 215 people belongs to
low socio-economic status, then 185 people belongs to average socio-economic status,
and 100 people belongs to high socio-economic status. To get the strata sample size of
each socio-economic status use the formula (sample size/population size) x stratum size.
For low socio-economic status (215/500) x100=43, then for average socio-economic
status (185/500) x100= 37, and for high socio-economic (100/500) x100=20. Now, that
the strata are known, the researcher can now perform random sample. In other words,
43 people from the low socio-economic will be selected randomly from the entire
population, 37 people from average socio-economic will be selected from the population
randomly, and 20 people from high socio-economic will be selected from the population
randomly.

5. Explain multistage sampling.

Multistage sampling is done in stages. In this type of sampling method, population is first
divided into a number of first stage from which a sample is drawn. In the sampled first stage,
the sample if second stage is drawn. It is like drawing stages by adding levels depending on
the stages of sampling used. It can be two-stage, three-stage, four-stage and so on.

6. When is systematic random sampling preferred over simple random sampling?

Systematic random sampling is preferred over simple random sampling when the data does
not exhibit patterns and there is a low risk of being biased and less data manipulation. Also,
it is more straightforward sampling method and cost cheaper. Plus, systematic random
sampling is better to used with large number of population because simple random sampling
prefers more with small population.
7. When is stratified random sampling preferred over systematic random sampling?

Stratified random sampling is preferred over systematic random sampling because stratified
random sampling accurately shows and reflects the population being studied because
researchers are stratifying the entire population before using the random sampling methods.
Also, stratified random sampling is better to used when dealing with larger value of
population. To cut it short, it ensures that each subgroup within the population have proper
representation within the sample and allows researchers to obtain a sample population that
best represents the entire population being studied.

8. When is simple random sampling preferred over systematic random sampling?

Simple random sampling is preferred over systematic random sampling when dealing with
smaller data sets and it can produce more representative results. Also, in simple random
sampling each data has an equal chance of being chosen which is very unbiased while in
systematic random sampling data its randomness is utilized, and we do not have
independence already.

9. Compare stratified random sampling from cluster sampling.

Stratified random sampling have similarities with cluster sampling. One similarity that
stratified sampling has with cluster sampling is that the strata formed should also be
distinctive and non-overlapping. By making sure each stratum is distinctive, the errors in
results are drastically reduced. Stratified random sampling enhanced precision and
population depiction while cluster sampling has increased efficiency plus cost reduction.

10. Contrast stratified sampling from cluster sampling.

Contrast stratified sampling contrast with cluster sampling, firstly, stratified sampling can
generate more errors while cluster sampling reduced errors. Next, stratified sampling is
homogeneity within subgroups while cluster sampling is homogeneity between subgroups.
Then, stratified sampling is heterogeneity between subgroups, while cluster sampling is
heterogeneity within subgroups. Both contrast each other in different ways, lastly, in stratified
sampling population is divided into few subgroups while in cluster sampling, the population
into many subgroups.