1.

Explain the Doctrine of Check and Balances in the three separate

branches of the American Government.

Montesquieu, an eighteenth-century philosopher, coined the term

"Separation of Powers." Separation of powers refers to a system in which the
government is divided into separate branches, each with its own set of powers.
This structure serves to ensure that no one branch of government is more
powerful than the others by having many branches. The Legislative Branch, the
Executive Branch, and the Judicial Branch are the three branches of government
under this system. These three departments of government are divided by the
federal government of the United States and forty states.

Notably, the notion that a just and fair government must divide power
between departments was not conceived during the Constitutional Convention,
but rather has profound philosophical and historical roots. Polybius, a Greek
statesman and historian, described Ancient Rome's administration as a "mixed"
system with three branches: monarchy (the consul, or senior magistrate),
aristocracy (the Senate), and democracy (the people) . These beliefs impacted
later notions about the importance of separation of powers in a well-functioning
government.

https://www.history.com/topics/us-government/checks-and-balances

https://www.infoplease.com/us/government/checks-and-balances

https://bensguide.gpo.gov/j-check-balance

References:

Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopedia (2019, August 26). checks and

balances. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved August 29, 2021 from
https://www.britannica.com/topic/checks-and-balances

2. Discuss the significance of the American Declaration of

Independence.