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Uppgjord — Prepared Datum — Date Rev Dokumentnr — Document no
RM/TEI/CC/P MASSIMO COSTA 839 72727 2000-02-16 C 75/1553-HSC 103 12 Uen
Godkänd — Approved Kontr — Checked Tillhör/referens — File/reference

ERA/LVN/RAC (Lennart Blixt)

User Description, Multiband Operation

Copyright

© Ericsson Radio Systems AB 2000. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be
reproduced in any form without the written permission of the copyright holder.

Contents Page

1 Introduction 2

2 Glossary 2
2.1 Concepts 2
2.2 Abbreviations and Acronyms 2

3 Capabilities 2

4 Technical description 3
4.1 General 3
4.2 Power and frequency capability of an MS 3
4.3 Broadcast of measurement frequencies 4
4.4 Measurement reporting 4
4.5 GPRS 4
4.6 Related Counters 4
4.7 Main changes in Ericsson GSM system R8/BSS R8.0 5

5 Engineering guidelines 5
5.1 General 5
5.2 Traffic control by sufficient SS threshold, active mode 5
5.3 Traffic control by sufficient SS threshold, idle mode 6
5.4 GPRS 7
5.5 Load dependent traffic distribution 8
5.6 Neighbour relations 8
5.7 Subscriber differentiation 9
5.8 Classmark 3 Messages 9

6 Parameters 9
6.1 Main controlling parameters 9
6.2 Parameters for special adjustments 10
6.3 Value ranges and default values 11

7 References 12

SEIF v2.3,
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1 Introduction
An operator with licenses to operate both in the GSM 900 and 1800 frequency
band can choose to have the GSM 900 network and the GSM 1800 network
combined into the same network.

Each cell in a multiband network has frequencies from only one frequency
band. The Multiband operation feature allows cell re-selection, assignment
and handover between the GSM 900 cells and the GSM 1800 cells.

With the Multiband Operation feature it is also possible to have GSM 900
and/or GSM 1800 cells together with GSM 1900 cells, supported by the same
BSC. However, it is not possible to perform cell re-selection, assignment or
handover between GSM 1900 and the other bands.

2 Glossary

2.1 Concepts

E-GSM Extended GSM900 band including the Primary GSM900 band

and the G1.

G1 Extension band defined for GSM900 at 880-890 MHz (uplink)

and 925-935 MHz (downlink).

P-GSM Primary GSM900 band defined at 890-915 MHz (uplink) and

935-960 MHz (downlink).

2.2 Abbreviations and Acronyms

CLS Cell Load Sharing

GPRS General Packet Radio Service

HCS Hierarchical Cell Structure

PBCCH Packet Broadcast Control Channel

SS Signal Strength

3 Capabilities
A combined GSM 900 and GSM 1800 network provides a very efficient
solution for building a cost efficient high capacity network together with
good coverage.

The radio waves on the 900 MHz and 1800 MHz frequency band have different
pathloss characteristics. GSM 900 cells generally have a larger range than
GSM 1800 cells. If cells from the different frequency bands can be joined into
one single network, GSM 900 cells can be used to cover large areas with
limited traffic density. GSM 1800 cells can provide additional capacity in high
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density areas. Operators with an existing GSM 900 network can use the
additional 1800 MHz band to increase the capacity of their network. Operators
with an existing GSM 1800 network may not have full coverage and they can
use GSM 900 to increase both coverage and capacity.

In a multiband network, the system supports cell re-selection, assignment

and handover between GSM 900 cells and GSM 1800 cells for multiband
MSs. Multiband MSs, and single band MSs (GSM 900 or GSM 1800) can
co-exist. This has two benefits:

1 An operator that is changing the network from a single band

(GSM 900 or GSM 1800) to a multiband network is still able to
serve the single band MSs on both frequency bands.

2 A multiband subscriber will be able to use the multiband MS in a

pure GSM 900 network as well as in a pure GSM 1800 network.

GSM 1900 cells must always form a separate network. With GSM 900 and
GSM 1800 the operator can choose whether to have separate networks
or one combined network.

4 Technical description

4.1 General

A Mobile services Switching Centre (MSC) is able to handle BSCs of different

system types, which means that it is possible to have GSM 900 BSCs,
GSM 1800 BSCs and GSM 1900 BSCs connected to the same MSC.
Correspondingly, a BSC is able to handle cells of different system types, which
means that it is possible to have GSM 900 cells, GSM 1800 cells and GSM
1900 cells connected to the same BSC. Each cell must however only contain
frequencies related to one system type.

A multiband MS is able to receive, transmit and measure on GSM 900

frequencies as well as on GSM 1800 frequencies. A multiband MS performs
neighbouring cell measurements on GSM 900 cells as well as on GSM 1800
cells. Both types of cells are evaluated in the idle mode cell re-selection
algorithm and in locating. This means that cell re-selection, assignment and
handover can be performed between the frequency bands.

A single band MS will not measure neighbouring SS on frequencies it can not

handle. This means that a single band MS will never be allocated a channel in
the wrong frequency band.

4.2 Power and frequency capability of an MS

Classmark 3 (CM3) contains MS capabilities such as multiband and power

capability of each band, extended-GSM band and multislot. MSs inform the
network of their capability during the call set up procedure and at location
updating. Regarding multiband it is important for the network, besides to know
the multiband capability itself, to know the MS power capability in the other
frequency band, not currently used. With parameter ECSC = YES there is a bit
in system information 3 telling the MS to send Classmark Change, containing
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CM3 (and CM2) as soon as possible after access. CM2 contains the MS
power capability related to the frequency band on which the MS is residing.

The MSC needs to have the CM3 information in case of an inter BSC
handover. The MSC then transfers the CM3 information to the target BSC.
If a multiband MS performs an inter-BSC handover, and the MSC does not
have the CM3 information, the target BSC will not have the correct information
regarding the power capabilities of the MS. If the handover was between two
cells belonging to the same frequency band, the target BSC will treat the MS
as a single band MS for the remainder of the call. If the inter BSC handover
was between two frequency bands, depending on the content of CM2 the
result will either be a handover failure, or the target BSC will use incorrect
values regarding the MS power capability.

In order to reduce the load on the A interface (between the BSC and the
MSC), the sending of CM3 is possible to suppress or delay by parameter
CLMRKMSG. For CLMRKMSG = 0, the BSC will always transfer the message
to the MSC. For CLMRKMSG = 1 the message is suppressed in all situations,
i.e. the CM3 information is never transferred to the MSC. CLMRKMSG = 3
means that the sending is suppressed at location updating but not at call
set-up. Finally it can be delayed even further, until an inter-BSC handover is
performed (CLMRKMSG = 2).

4.3 Broadcast of measurement frequencies

An MS performs neighbouring cell measurements in idle mode as well as in
active mode. The information about which neighbours that shall be measured
on is broadcasted to all MSs in the cell. A single band MS ignores frequencies
it can not handle.

The frequencies of neighbouring cells are given by parameter MBCCHNO,

see User Description, Double BA lists. With this parameter GSM 900
frequencies as well as GSM 1800 frequencies can be defined as neighbouring
frequencies in a multiband network.

4.4 Measurement reporting

A multiband MS measures the SS from GSM 900 neighbours as well as from
GSM 1800 neighbours. It is possible to control how many GSM 900 cells and
GSM 1800 cells respectively that are reported in the measurement report by
parameter MBCR. This implies that not always the six strongest cells will be
reported. MBCR determines how many of the decoded neighbours of the other
band that shall be reported, at the expense of neighbours in the current band.
If the report is still not full, more neighbours from the other band are included.

4.5 GPRS
There is no restriction for dualband GPRS.

4.6 Related Counters

In order to give the operator statistic measurements to adjust parameters
for controlling the traffic between frequency bands to off-load the GSM 900
cells to a maximum, the object type CELLDUALT is introduced to support
the following counters:
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TFDUAL- Traffic level accumulator. It gives continuous information on the

TRALACC number of seized channels for dualband MSs.

TFDUAL- Number of abnormally terminated dualband connections.

NDROP

TFDUAL- Number of assignment complete for all MS power classes.

CASSALL

TFDUALAS- Number of assignment attempts for all MS power classes.

SALL

The counters are defined per cell and are stepped only for dualband MSs.
See User Description, Radio Network Statistics for details.

4.7 Main changes in Ericsson GSM system R8/BSS R8.0

Changes in the Engineering guidelines due to enhanced HCS with 8 layers

and 8 bands (see User Description, Hierarchical Cell Structures).

New counters for dualband MSs (see 4.6).

5 Engineering guidelines

5.1 General

A combined 900 and 1800 network depends on the same functionality and
planning principles as a single band network. However, in order to utilise the
given spectrum efficiently, it is often desired to direct the traffic in accordance
with the distribution of multiband MSs, single band 900 MSs and 1800 MSs.
Therefore multiband operation makes its own use of other features. This
engineering guideline is based on the typical scenario of a GSM 1800
layer implemented on top of a mature GSM 900 system in order to provide
additional capacity. In that case it is important to give priority to 1800 cell in
a efficient but safe way. Also, more attention must be paid to the numerous
neighbour relations.

5.2 Traffic control by sufficient SS threshold, active mode

In the early stages of a multiband network the presumed high number of 1800
frequencies and low penetration of multiband phones means large spare
capacity in the 1800 cells and also low interference. Therefore these cells
should be favoured whenever they have sufficient SS. This can be done with
HCS, Locating and idle mode cell re-selection.

The easiest method in active mode is HCS (see User Description, Hierarchical
Cell Structures). When the 900 cells and 1800 cells co-exist the 900 MHz
SS will in general be higher than the 1800 MHz SS. The natural choice of
carrier would be the stronger 900 MHz but with HCS it is possible to direct the
traffic to the higher priority 1800 MHz frequency band if the SS in that cell
is above an absolute SS threshold.
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Two HCS options are available, one with 8 layers and 8 HCS bands and
the other with 3 layers and no HCS band. The full HCS feature offers the
cell two thresholds instead of one. The layer threshold LAYERTHR is used
to limit interference between layers within the same frequency band. The
band threshold HCSBANDTHR is used to prioritise between non interfering
layers. GSM 900 cells can be specified in one band and GSM 1800 cell within
another band. Since each band can consist of layer structures there is one
priority mechanism dealing with multiband and another mechanism used
between layers (for example microcells and macrocells) within each band.

Since the GSM 1800 cells are not interfered by the GSM 900 cells, an 1800
cell can very well be the serving cell in an area with considerably higher SS
from the GSM 900 cells. If the frequency planning within the GSM 1800
layer is not too aggressive, noise rather than interference limit the GSM 1800
coverage allowing a low SS threshold. HCSBANDTHR = 95 is a reasonable
level for the 1800 band. Of course a low threshold like -95 dBm requires short
SS and quality filters, (E.g. 3 to 5 s). The SS may fall quickly and serving cell
must not disappear within the time it takes to complete a handover. More than
5 s must be allowed due to filtering, time to identify new neighbours and
to allow TINIT (see User Description, Locating ) to elapse after a possible
previous handover. A threshold of -95 dBm allows time enough to perform
handover out in normal urban areas. There are however situations with fast
moving mobiles where the threshold must be higher. In these situations the
SS falls a lot more than 10 dB in the 5 s before a handover can be performed.
The MS will be trapped in the 1800 cell and drop the connection. This problem
has been seen for example during rapid shifts of height and direction at
highway exits. Those kinds of areas must be identified and a threshold of -85
dBm or higher should be used in affected cells.

The HCS priority is considered already in the assignment stage (see User
Description, Assignment to Other Cell). If a call set-up is performed in 900
although 1800 has sufficient SS, the assignment can be done directly in
the best 1800 cell provided that CM3 is received by the BSC early in the
assignment stage.

5.3 Traffic control by sufficient SS threshold, idle mode

To keep the number of handovers down, a higher priority to 1800 cells

is desired in idle mode. In cell reselection the C2 algorithm (see User
Description, Idle Mode Behaviour) provides the possibility to apply a Cell
Reselection Offset, parameter CRO, to a high priority cell at cell re-selection.
By that the cell becomes favoured a given number of dB in the cell reselection.

At low SS it is however dangerous to allow high offsets instead of letting

the strongest cell be selected. Therefore the use of CRO requires that the
favoured cell cannot be accessed at too low SSs. Parameter ACCMIN
becomes important; above which a multiband MS has to camp on 1800, even
if the signal is too weak, and below which the MS is not allowed to camp on
the 1800 band at all. The MS should continuously listen to its paging group
and abandon a cell where paging messages tend to be lost. This leaky bucket
behaviour with common parameter settings, see User Description, Idle Mode
Behaviour, gives however no guarantee that the MS selects a strong enough
cell, if possible. From experience it is found that an offset forces the MS to
camp on an 1800 cell although the cell is too weak to deliver the pagings
properly. The MS remains silent although there are stronger 900 cells where
the pagings would succeed. Call set-up seems to be a smaller problem since
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the MS either change cell after failure or succeeds with call set-up followed by
immediate handover or assignment handover out.

Below follows three strategies for how to set ACCMIN , associated to three
types of situations:

1 High difference in SS between bands, some 1800 single

band MSs

High CRO is necessary which means that ACCMIN1800 must

be high enough to allow e.g. paging. If ACCMIN1800 is set to
the lowest safe value instead of the lowest possible value, the
1800 coverage area is not decreased noticeable. A safe value
may differ between networks and MSs but ACCMIN1800 = 103
is a suggestion. Strategy 1 gives a small discrepancy in the
idle and active mode cell borders (unlike strategy 3) but this is
regarded less important than possible single band 1800 MSs in
the system, or possible extra coverage added by the 1800 cells.

2 Small difference in SS between bands

If the SSs of 1800 and 900 are almost equal, a small offset of 2
to 4 dB can be effective. A few dB offset is excused without
adjustment of ACCMIN in 1800. A small favour to 1800 is
compensated by less interference and perhaps better uplink
due to Tower Mounted Amplifier (TMA).

3 No single band 1800 MSs, minimum of inter-band handovers

It is also assumed that CRO is high. If there are no single

band 1800 MSs in the system, and if the 1800 cells provide
no additional coverage compared to the GSM 900 system,
ACCMIN 1800 could be set according to the sufficient SS
threshold in active mode i.e. HCSBANDTHR1800 if HCS is
used for 1800 macrocells. Especially when 900 to 1800
handovers mean inter-BSC or even inter-MSC handovers, it
is advantageous to have about the same cell borders in idle
and active mode.

5.4 GPRS

The GPRS MSs perform an autonomous cell selection in both packet idle
mode and packet transfer mode (see User Description, GPRS Cell Selection).

For an MS in GPRS mode currently listening to a cell with a PBCCH C31 and
C32 criteria are used to perform the cell re-selection and GPRS mobiles
prioritise the bands, but not the layers, in the same order as HCS (see User
Description, Hierarchical Cell Structures). This solves the task of prioritising in
idle mode.

In case no PBCCH is configured in the cell C1 and C2 criteria are used just
like for all circuit switched MSs in Idle Mode. In this case GPRS mobiles will
not see the HCS structure.
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5.5 Load dependent traffic distribution

The traffic load in cells fluctuates over time and some cells may be congested.
Also the increasing number of multiband phones may require re-tuning of the
HCS thresholds. Ericsson's GSM system has load dependant features for
traffic distribution in order to temporary move traffic from highly loaded cells
to less loaded.

In case of congestion, assignment to worse cell (see User Description,

Assignment to Other Cell) to the other band would save otherwise lost
connections. It is recommended to allow assignment to worse cell from both
1800 and 900 cells. Assignment to worse cell is a method to considerably
increase the trunking efficiency in the network. AWOFFSET should be high
for the inter-band cell relations due to the non existing interference between
bands.

Since assignment to the other band is only possible for multiband MSs with
both 1800 and 900 coverage, not all new call set-ups can be saved by the
assignment to worse cell possibility. CLS offers a possibility to off-load a highly
loaded cell before congestion (see User Description, Cell Load Sharing).
The creation of spare channels enable single band MSs or multiband MSs
without coverage of the other band to grab resources in highly loaded cells.
CLS only moves candidates close to the cell border but in a co-siting situation
this could mean a large fraction of MSs. CLS operates in areas where SS
or path loss ranking is used. In combination with HCS that means between
cells belonging to the same band and same layer where both are above or
below their thresholds.

5.6 Neighbour relations

In the case a single band network is expanded to multiband, the existing

neighbour lists are probably too long to allow a simple addition of a new layer
of cells. In a multiband network there is no room for unnecessary neighbour
relations. Therefore the introduction of multiband often requires a throughout
survey of neighbour lists. A missing 900 neighbour could mean dropped call
and a missing 1800 neighbour could mean less capacity.

When 1800 cells are given high priority, it is important that a handover can be
performed quickly when the SS is below the threshold. With too few defined
900 neighbours to the 1800 cell, the MS may be trapped and therefore drop
the connection since HCS allows the cell border to reach deep into a non
co-sited 900 cell. Therefore the 1800 to 1800 relations must be optimised in
order to allow enough 1800 to 900 relations.

The 900 to 1800 relations on the other hand are mainly for capacity and not as
critical. It is enough to add the co-sited 1800 cells and perhaps a few more
if a need is discovered. Neighbouring Cell List Optimization Expert (see
User Description, Neighbouring Cell List Optimization Expert (NOX)) gives
information about new neighbour relations that would be suitable to add
and information about neighbour relations that are not used and therefore
can be removed.

It is recommended to use MBCR = 2. It is then possible for an MS to perform

a handover, or an assignment, to a weak GSM 1800 cell.
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5.7 Subscriber differentiation

At the same time as traffic is directed to the 1800 band with its spare capacity,
some of these low interfered high quality 1800 MHz channels can be reserved
for certain privileged subscriber groups. With the use of Differential Channel
Allocation (see User Description, Differential Channel Allocation) a fraction of
the channels in a cell can be defined as inaccessible for the non privileged
subscribers. There is a possibility to reserve all channels in a cell for certain
subscribers. Subscribers that are not allowed to access will get the same
response as at congestion. Therefore DCA requires assignment to worse cell.

Example: It was desired that low paying subscribers in a multiband network

should only use 1800 cells while the rest could use both bands. The solution
with all 900 TCHs defined inaccessible for some subscribers was satisfactory
but had some drawbacks:

1 The SDCCH load in 900 (no CRO) was high since assignment
to worse cell can mean several seconds set-up delay.

2 The displayed service in idle mode (900) does not always

correspond to actual active mode coverage (1800).

3 The configuration with 900 and 1800 in different BSCs is not

possible but this is not recommended anyway. DCA checks are
not done at inter-BSC handover.

5.8 Classmark 3 Messages

It is important to set parameter ECSC to YES because the multiband version
of Ericsson's GSM system relies on early classmark sending. Without CM3
the multiband capability of an MS will be unknown and a missing CM3 in target
BSC at handover means that the power class of the MS will be misunderstood.

How and when CM3 is further delivered to the MSC is controlled by parameter
CLMRKMSG. The extra BSC/MSC signalling at call set-up due to CM3 is
marginal. Therefore it is recommended to always send CM3 to the MSC
directly (CLMRKMSG = 0), at least when the fraction of MSs sending
Classmark Change is small. The other choices may be preferred if MSC
signalling is a bottleneck. To forward CM3 at access but not at location
updating (CLMRKMSG = 3) could be a safe way to reduce the load, but more
testing must be done until general recommendations can be given. If no
multislot MSs are expected and E-GSM band is not used, it could be optimal
to wait until inter-BSC handover ( CLMRKMSG = 2) before CM3 is forwarded.

6 Parameters

6.1 Main controlling parameters

GSYSTYPE is the global system type for the whole BSC. It defines which type
of cells the BSC contains.

GSYSTYPE can have four values:

• GSM900:
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All cells in the BSC is of type GSM 900

• GSM1800:

All cells in the BSC is of type GSM 1800.

• GSM1900:

All the cells in the BSC is of type GSM 1900

• Mixed:

The BSC contains cells of more than one type

Only cells that are supported by GSYSTYPE should be connected.

GSYSTYPE must therefore be set to mixed before cells of another band
are connected to the BSC.

CSYSTYPE is the cell system type. It can have three values:

• GSM900:

The cell system type is GSM900

• GSM1800:

The cell system type is GSM1800.

• GSM1900:

The cell system type is GSM1900

MODE defines whether the BSC is in single or in multi band mode. The
parameter shall be set to MULTI in order to support cell re-selection,
assignment and handover between GSM 900 cells and GSM 1800 cells.
When the parameter is set to SINGLE, each frequency band forms a separate
network.

MBCCHNO is the list of the neighbouring cells frequencies (see User

Description, Double BA lists). The parameter is set per cell.

ECSC indicates if early classmark sending should be used by the MS. In order
to allow multiband operation the value must be YES. Extended GSM and
multislot also require the value YES. The parameter is set per cell.

6.2 Parameters for special adjustments

MBCR defines the number of neighbours from each frequency band that shall
be reported in the measurement report. The parameter can take the values
between 0 and 3, where the different settings mean:

0: The multiband mobile station reports the strongest identified

neighbours irrespective of the frequency band used in the cells.
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1: The multiband mobile station attempts to report the strongest

identified neighbour of the other band while the rest of the report
is used for neighbours from the serving band. If positions still
exist, more neighbours of the other band are included.
2: The 2 strongest identified neighbours of the other band
are reported while the rest is used for neighbours from
the serving band. If positions still exist, more neighbours
of the other band are included.
3: The 3 strongest identified neighbours of the other band
are reported while the rest is used for neighbours from
the serving band. If positions still exist, more neighbours
of the other band are included.

The parameter is set per cell.

CLMRKMSG suppresses or delays the sending of frequency and power

capability of a multiband MS from the BSC to the MSC. The parameter can
take the values between 0 and 3, where the different settings mean:

0: the sending is neither suppressed nor delayed

1: the sending is suppressed in all situations
2: the sending is delayed until an inter-BSC handover
3: CM3 sent at call set-up is not supressed but CM3 sent at
location updating is suppressed except when an inter -BSC
handover during location updating is performed

The parameter is a BSC exchange property, and is set per BSC.

6.3 Value ranges and default values

Table 1 Controlling parameters

Parameter Default Recommended Value range Unit

name value value
GSYSTYPE - GSM900,
GSM1800,
GSM1900,
MIXED
CSYSTYPE - GSM900,
GSM1800,
GSM1900
MODE - SINGLE, MULTI
MBCCHNO 1 to 124 ARFCN
(GSM900
P-GSM)
0, 975 to 1023
(GSM900 G1)
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512 to 810
(GSM1900)
512 to 885
(GSM1800)
MBCR 0 2 0 to 3
ECSC NO YES NO, YES
CLM- 0 0 0 to 3
RKMSG

7 References

1 User Description, Double BA lists

2 User Description, Hierarchical Cell Structures

3 User Description, Locating

4 User Description, Assignment to Other Cell

5 User Description, Idle Mode Behaviour

6 User Description, Cell Load Sharing

7 User Description, Neighbouring Cell List Optimization Expert

(NOX)

8 User Description, Differential Channel Allocation

9 User Description, Radio Network Statistics

10 User Description, GPRS Cell Selection