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information through the use of cookies. To learn more, view our Privacy Policy.× The Title "Elements of Mining Technology Vol. 1" is written by D.J. Deshmukh. This book was published in the year 2008. The ISBN number 8189904337|9788189904333 is assigned to the Paperback version of this title. This book has total of pp. 424 (Pages).4.4/5(31)The
Title "Elements of Mining Technology Vol. 1" is written by D.J. Deshmukh. This book was published in the year 2008. The ISBN number 8189904337|9788189904333 is assigned to the Paperback version of this title. This book has total of pp. 424 (Pages).3.6/5Elements of Mining Technology Vol 1 2010 by Deshmukh Elements of Mining Technology Vol
2 2016 by D J Deshmukh Elements of Mining Technology Vol 3 2016 by D J Deshmukh Principles and Practices of Modern Coal Mining 1997 by R D Singh Introductory Mining Engineering 2007 by Hartmann Mining Coal Junior Reference Books 1976 by John Davey. Chat HereBuy Elements of Mining Technology Vol. 1 Book Online at Low . The Title
"Elements of Mining Technology Vol. 1" is written by D.J. Deshmukh. This book was published in the year 2008. The ISBN number 8189904337|9788189904333 is assigned to the Paperback version of this title. This book has total of pp. 424 (Pages).elements of mining technology volume 1 by d.j. deshmukh. elements of mining technology volume 1 by
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B.TECH (MINING ENGINEERING) Semester III L T P 05BMI104 Surface Mining Technology 3 1Nov 25, 2017 The Title "Elements of Mining Technology Vol. 1" is written by D.J. Deshmukh. This book was published in the year 2008. The ISBN number 81899043379788189904333 is assigned to the Paperback version of this title.Elements of Mining
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Technology Vol. 1 (8th Edition) Deshmukh D.J. Denett & Company, Jan 1, 2010 424 pages. 4 Reviews. Contents: 1. Mining Geology Minerals, Rocks and Rock Structures. 2. Coal and Coalfields of India. 3. Boring. 4. Shaft Shinking. 5. Opencast Mining. 6. Access to Mineral Deposits and Pit Bottom, Pit-Top Layouts. 7. Drivage of5/5(4)Buy Elements of
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and Coalfields of India. 3. Boring. 4. Shaft Shinking. 5. Opencast Mining5/5(4)Contents: 1. The Units, Mass, Force, Weight and Basic Definitions. 2. Work, Energy and Power. 3. Friction, bearings, lubrication, inclined plane, bolts and nuts. 43/5(1)Elements of mining engineering dj deshmukh elements of mining technology by d j deshmukh pdf mining
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mining technology D.J. Deshmukh, elements of mining technology. 57 likes. Book. Get Price. Sickness, Disability and Work Breaking the Barriers (Vol. 3) Sickness, Disability and Work Breaking the Barriers Buy Elements of Mining Technology Vol 1 Book Online at . nbsp 0183 32 The Title quot Elements of Mining Technology Vol 1 quot is written by D
J Deshmukh This book was published in the year 2008 The ISBN num4337 9788189904333 is assigned to the Paperback version of this title This book has total of pp 424 Pages It is a multi volume book other associated volume s is are Elements of Mining TechnologyA Nomenclatures of Axial Flow Fan 1) INPUT CASING 2) IMPELLER CASING 3) the
References Deshmukh, D. J. (2008); “Elements of Mining Technology, Vol Mine fanElements of Mining Technology Vol.1 2010 by Deshmukh. Elements of Mining Technology Vol.2 2016 by D. J. Deshmukh. Elements of Mining Technology Vol.3 2016 by D. J. Deshmukh. Principles and Practices of Modern Coal Mining 1997 by R.D. Singh. Introductory
Mining Engineering 2007 by Hartmann. Mining Elements of Mining Technology Vol II- D.J. Deshmukh, 9 th Edition, Central Techno Publication, Nagpur, 1998. Elements of Mining Technology Vol. III D.J.Deshmukh, 6th edition Central Techno Publication, Nagpur, 1998. area and volume: The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining . The
Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction, Second During the past decade there has been an explosion in computation and information technologyIntroductory mining engineering- Wiley India (P) Ltd, Howard L.Hartman, Jan M.Mutmansky; Elements of mining technology Vol-I D.J. Deshmukh; REFERENCE BOOKS. Roy
Pijush Pal, Blasting in ground excavations and mines, Oxford and IBH, 1st ed 1993; C.P. Chugh, Drilling technology Glossary of Mining Terms . A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z. A. Acidic precipitation Snow and rain that have a low pH, caused by sulphur dioxide To improve the efficiency and reduce costs of cemented-fill mining,
we propose a continuous mining and continuous backfilling (CMCB) method based on the coal resources at the Yuxing mine in Inner Mongolia, China, and constructed a complete filling material transportation system. The new technology is suitable for cemented-fill mining of gently inclined coal seams. Numerical simulations were performed to
investigate the dynamic migration law of surrounding rock stress using CMCB cemented-fill mining technology, and similar simulations were conducted to analyze the movement characteristics of the coal overburden. The results show that the coal pillars and filling body alternately bear and support each other during the CMCB process, which
resolves the contradiction between mining and filling, achieves parallel mining and filling operations, and improves mining efficiency. The new mining mode exerts minimal disturbance to the overlying rock and effectively controls surface deformation. The engineering application of this technique is promising and provides theoretical guidance and
technical support for safe and efficient mining of the same type of coal resources.1. IntroductionThe ongoing exhaustion of coal resources in central and eastern China has led mining operations to gradually shift to western China [1,2]. However, this region is located within a more fragile ecological environment with limited ecological self-repair
capacity and is highly sensitive to mining disturbances. For example, groundwater systems can be easily damaged using traditional mining methods and large cracks and collapse pits can emerge on the ground surface, which can damage surface buildings [3–8].Backfill mining is an important green mining technology (GMT) method and an effective
technical approach to resolve these issues [9,10]. Solid backfilling, paste backfilling, and high-water material backfilling techniques have made considerable progress in Chinese coal mines [11–14]. Zhang [15–20] optimized a solid compact-filling mining technology system based on gangue, studied the gangue compaction characteristics, developed
efficient backfill mining technology, and identified the mechanism of solid-backfilled overlying strata movement. Zhou [21,22] studied the mechanical properties of paste backfilling materials and proposed further development directions for coal mining technology using paste filling. Zhao [23] used loess to replace fly ash in traditional paste-filling
materials and studied the mechanical properties of paste-filling materials using different proportions, which provides a reference for backfill mining in the ecologically fragile areas of western China. Ma [24,25] studied the backfill method for filling nearly horizontal coal seams with high-water materials using the Wongawilli mining method, analyzed
the evolution characteristics of overlying strata fractures, and achieved a water-preserving approach to mining coal resources. Sun and Feng [26–30] analyzed the structure of high-water materials, developed ultrahigh-water material (97 vol%), and studied the control principle of overlying rock movement.The achievements mentioned above have
obtained promising effects in some mining areas and further promoted the development of coal mining technology in China. The control effect of cemented filling mining on surface subsidence is more significant than other filling mining methods [31, 32]. However, traditional longwall cemented backfill mining continues to face the following
shortcomings. (1) The initial investment required for backfilling equipment and systems is large and the filling material cost is high. (2) The contradiction between mining and backfilling is prominent. Because backfill materials require a certain curing time, mining and filling cannot be simultaneously operated to their respective maximum extents.
This makes it difficult to ensure effective backfill space and time and the efficiency of backfill mining is not particularly high. To address these problems, we developed a full negative-pressure continuous mining method to replace the previous “under-three-objects” approach to coal seams (i.e., under buildings, roads, and water bodies). Extensive
scientific and technological research has led to continuous improvement of the technology and equipment system as a new continuous mining and continuous backfilling (CMCB) cemented-filling technique. This technology has been applied in several mining areas, including the Yuxing and Haoyuan mines in Inner Mongolia, and has achieved good
results. This paper focuses on the application of CMCB technology for gently inclined coal seams based on the Yuxing mine. The principles of the step-by-step replacement technology are provided as theoretical guidance for coal backfill mining under similar conditions.2. Study LocationThe Yuxing coal mine is located in Qipanjing town, Ordos, Inner
Mongolia, as shown in Figure 1. The design production capacity is 0.6 Mt/a and focuses mainly on mine nos. 9 and 16. The buried depth of the no. 9 coal seam is 300–400 m and the coal seam inclination is 12°. The average thickness of the coal seam is 5 m, which is a typical gently inclined seam. The direct top of the coal seam is fine-grained
sandstone with a thickness of 1.69 m, the basic top is medium-grained sandstone with a thickness of 4.86 m, the direct bottom is 0.5 m thick siltstone, and the basic bottom is fine-grained sandstone with a thickness of 1.24 m. The overall condition of the surrounding rock is good. More than 95% of the mine’s recoverable reserves are located under the
Qipanjing Ecological Park, which has an industrial plaza, artificial lake, sculptures, and other buildings, as shown in Figure 1. Traditional caving mining does not meet surface deformation requirements. A suitable mining method to reduce adverse surface deformation, safely and efficiently mine the coal in this area, and extend the mine service life is
therefore urgently needed.3. CMCB Mining Technology3.1. Layout of Panel RoadwaysFor gently inclined coal seams, the air-return roadway, haulageway, and cutting hole of the working face are excavated in advance and connected in accordance with the traditional long-wall working face layout. Air enters from the main haulageway and reaches the
main air-return roadway, cutting hole, and air-return roadway. The working face forms a full negative-pressure ventilation system. To increase mining efficiency, the design length of the working face is generally about 50–100 m. The coal seam to be mined at the working face is divided into a number of mining branches along the direction parallel to
the cutting hole according to a certain width and are labeled as branches 1, 2, 3, and so on. The mode of backward backfill mining is adopted, as shown in Figure 2. The design of the branch width should consider the geological conditions of the surrounding rock and equipment size and must meet certain principles to facilitate rapid excavation, safe
support, and efficient backfilling. In general, 4–6 m is appropriate. The main equipment used in the working face includes a fully mechanized excavator, bolter, and transfer machine, which are filled by the air-return roadway (upper roadway), and the haulageway (down roadway) is used for coal extraction.3.2. Mining Technology Using the CMCB
MethodThe backfill mining sequence was adopted in the Yuxing mine according to the roof conditions and coal strength characteristics of the stope. After each branch roadway is mined, it is immediately backfilled and the next branch roadway is simultaneously mined in a two-step mining procedure, as shown in Figure 3. To reduce the handling of
the working face equipment during the actual construction process and improve the filling and mining efficiency, it is possible to divide the continuous branches into groups and continue backfill mining in each group. After the branch is fully mined and filled, the next group is treated using the same method.Slice mining is mostly used in branches for
thick coal seams. The fully mechanized excavator mines the branch roadway from the bottom to top, starting with the upper layer. The loader transfers the coal from the branch roadway to the haulageway. An anchor trolley is used to support the roof and coal side. After the branch roadway is connected with the air-return roadway, another fully
mechanized excavator is used to mine the lower layer and the former fully mechanized excavator is used to mine the upper layer of the other branch. Two fully mechanized excavators work continuously and the anchor trolley works alternately between these branches. While mining the branches, the top and bottom of the layered upper branches are
filled (Figure 3). Backfilling and mining do not interfere with each other. The mode of continuous mining and continuous filling of the working face resolves the contradiction between mining and filling, allows the parallel operations to be applied to their maximum extents, and improves mining efficiency.4. Backfill Materials and Systems4.1. Backfill
MaterialsThe backfill materials include ordinary Portland cement, fly ash from nearby power plants, washing gangue, and water. To meet the roof control requirements and facilitate the transportation of backfill materials, the preliminary backfill material design includes 10% cement, 20% fly ash, 50% gangue, and 20% water, which requires a curing
time of 28 days. After curing, the material strength can reach approximately 4 MPa.4.2. Backfill SystemTo reduce the probability of pipe blockage accidents during the filling-slurry transport process, two independent backfill material transportation systems are adopted: gangue in one and cement, fly ash, and water in the other. The backfill materials
are mixed according to their given proportions at the working face to ensure the reliability of the transportation system.4.2.1. Gangue Transportation SystemGround-washed gangue is delivered through a dedicated gangue feeding shaft. A gangue buffer silo is arranged at the bottom of the feeding shaft. After the gangue reaches the buffer silo, it is
transported to the working surface by a conveyor belt, as shown in Figure 4.(a)(b)(c)(a)(b)(c)4.2.2. Cement Slurry Transportation SystemThe cement, fly ash, and water are made into a cement slurry at the filling station on the ground according to the designed proportions using an automatic slurry preparation system (as shown in Figure 5). The
slurry is transported underground through vertical slurry pipelines and conveyed to the working face through horizontal slurry pipelines.(a)(b)(c)(a)(b)(c)4.2.3. Self-Backfilling of Mixed SlurryThe gangue conveyor belt and slurry conveyor pipeline are arranged in parallel in the air-return roadway, and the filling material is mixed at the upper opening
of the branch. The conveyor speed of the filling material is controlled to ensure the suitable proportion of filling material. Before backfilling, a special plugging device is arranged at the lower opening of the branch to prevent the slurry from collapsing. After the filling slurry is mixed, the inclination of the coal and initial kinetic energy can be used to
form a flow-like slurry. The filling material is evenly mixed during the self-flowing process and the filling materials are uniformly mixed via gravity filling of the branch roadway. The working face filling rate can reach more than 95%, which ensures the backfilling body strength, as shown in Figure 6.(a)(b)(c)(a)(b)(c)5. Stress Evolution Characteristics
of the Surrounding RockThe CMCB method was adopted in the #2907 working face of the Yuxing mine. The burial depth of the coal seam was 320 m, the roof was stable, the coal and rock mass strength were relatively high, and the width of the working face was 5 m. The branches were divided into several groups to reduce the handling of the
working face equipment and improve the filling efficiency. Every six consecutive branches formed a group and the group adopted the two-step mining mode. After the first group had finished, the second group was mined in sequence. The following groups were mined using this method to achieve full mining and backfilling of the working face. A
numerical model was developed to determine the bearing capacities of the coal pillars and backfills during this process based on the working face background.5.1. Numerical ModelTo simplify the calculation, the model size was set to 240 m in length, 1 m in width, and 120 m in height. The section size of the simulated branch was 5.0 m wide and 5.0 m
high, and 50-meter boundary coal pillars were set on the left and right sides of the working face to eliminate boundary effects. The length of the simulated working face was 140 m. Twenty-eight branches were set, numbered 1, 2, 3, etc., from left to right. The numerical model contained 17,652 nodes and 8560 elements. The Mohr–Coulomb model was
selected as the constitutive model. Based on the strength test results of intact rock, the mechanical parameters of rock mass are reduced to a certain extent by the method of references [33,34]. The rock mass mechanical parameters used in the numerical model are shown in Table 1. A 5-meter coal pillar of the coal seam to be mined was regarded as
a branch. A 180-meter-long survey line was arranged in the roof, floor, and coal seam of the working face, and the left and right sides both exceeded the mining boundary by 20 m. Among them, the #1 survey line was 1 m from the coal roof, the #2 survey line was arranged in the middle of the coal seam, and the #3 survey line was 1 m from coal seam
floor. Measuring points were arranged every 1 m along the measuring line to monitor the vertical stress changes in the filling body, coal seam, and surrounding rock during the CMCB process.Type of materialsDensity (g·cm−3)Bulk modulus (GPa)Shear modulus (GPa)Cohesion (MPa)Internal friction angle (°)Tensile strength (MPa)Medium
sandstone2.506.174.072.1234.02.5Mudstone2.533.021.381.2227.31.2Coarse sandstone2.426.424.252.2035.02.4Fine sandstone2.524.702.562.1830.02.0Coal1.421.940.851.0526.01.0Siltstone2.603.151.501.4428.01.5Filling body1.850.960.400.7516.00.65.2. Dynamic Migration Law of StressDuring advancement of the working face, a vertical stress
cloud map of the surrounding rock was obtained after the completion of mining and filling and the vertical stress curve of the surrounding rock of the filling stope was drawn based on the monitoring data. The vertical stress change law of the rock surrounding the stope is similar during the two-step mining process of each group. The vertical stress
variation characteristics of the surrounding rock during the backfilling and mining process of the first three groups are shown in Figures 7–9.(a)(b)(a)(b)(a)(b)(a)(b)(a)(b)(a)(b)After completing the one-step mining of the first group, the stress of the filling bodies and coal pillars showed a W-shaped distribution state. The stresses of the filling bodies and
roof and floor of the branch were relatively small: 0.01, 1.75, and 0.6 MPa, respectively. The coal pillars were in the peak stress area. The peak stresses of the coal pillar, roof, and floor were 5.8, 2.5, and 3.6 MPa, respectively. At this time, the coal pillar was the main bearing body. After completion of the two-step recovery in the first group, the
vertical stress of the backfills still presented a W-shaped distribution state and the stress in the one-step backfill was greater than the two-step backfills, which indicates that the backfills after one-step mining were the main bearing body. During the mining process of the third group, the stresses in the filling bodies of the first and second groups
increased and the bearing capacity was gradually exerted. The stresses of the filling bodies and coal pillars still showed a W-shaped distribution after one-step mining in the third group. The stress of the backfill was 95%. The internal structure of the roof is shown in Figure 15. The results of the internal roof structure do not show a caving zone or
crack zone and roof deformation is dominated by delamination, which is consistent with the simulation results. Delamination is more developed in the 2.5-meter range of the roof. The separation layer is distributed between 2.5 and 9.0 m and the overall roof stability is good. Surface deformation was monitored during the filling and mining process.
The maximum surface subsidence was 30 mm, the maximum horizontal movement was 12 mm, the maximum horizontal deformation was 0.7 mm/m, the maximum curvature was 0.05 mm/m2, and the maximum tilt was 0.4 mm/m. The surface deformation was within the I-level range, which meets the national standard requirements and can achieve the
safe and efficient replacement of coal resources in this location.(a)(b)(c)(a)(b)(c)(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)(g)(h)(i)(j)(k)(l)(m)(n)(o)(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)(g)(h)(i)(j)(k)(l)(m)(n)(o)8. DiscussionThe characteristics of CMCB cemented-fill mining technology in gently inclined coal seams can be summarized as a long-wall layout, short-wall mining, interval coal mining, and
stepwise filling. The working face does not use hydraulic supports or filling pressure pumps, which greatly reduces the initial investment and mining cost. The use of cemented-fill mining effectively controls ground surface deformation. The gangue and cement slurry in the filling material are two independent conveying systems. The filling material is
changed from ground mixing to working-face mixing, which reduces pipe blockage accidents during the transportation process. Uniform mixing of the filling material is achieved through gravity flow, which can ensure filling body strength. The working face adopts a two-step mining mode. The coal pillar and solidified filling body are used as the main
bodies to support the rock surrounding the roof during the one-step and two-step mining processes, respectively. The alternate bearing of the coal pillar and filling body ensures the stability of the filling space and solidification time of the filling material. Mining and filling do not interfere with each other. The working face can be continuously mined
and filled with these processes operating in parallel to their respective maximum extents.Because of the small excavation area of the branch and timely filling, the filling body maintains the integrity and bearing capacity of the surrounding rock and increases the ability of the roof to resist deformation. A support system from the joint action of the coal
seam, overlying strata, and filling body forms as the working face advances. Owing to the limited movement space of the overlying strata, the surrounding rock changes the stress state of the entire working face, which significantly weakens the appearance of rock pressure. Only a curved sinking zone occurs in the overburden rock. This multicycle,
small-disturbance, step-by-step replacement backfill mining mode shows significant advantages, especially for mining coal seams with stable roofs and abandoned coal resources in irregular areas. For coal seams with unstable roofs, it is necessary to further optimize the branch support to reduce the impact of supporting technology on coal
production. Owing to the short service time of the branches, differentiated support methods can be used in branches. The economic and effective principles must be met to avoid the two extremes of the support plan. One is excess support, which affects the mining speed and causes material waste; the other is insufficient support, which causes roof
collapse and rib spalling.9. Conclusions(1)CMCB mining technology is proposed to resolve the problems of large initial equipment investment and low backfill mining efficiency in traditional long-wall cemented coal mining. A complete filling material delivery system was constructed for the mining of gently inclined coal seams.(2)During the CMCB
mining process, the coal pillar and filling body alternately support each other, which ensures the stability of the filling space and curing time of the filling body and can achieve maximum parallel operations of both mining and filling, which improves backfill mining efficiency.(3)The features of the CMCB cemented-fill mining method include a long-wall
layout, short-wall mining, interval coal extraction, and step-by-step filling. This multicycle, small-disturbance backfill, and mining mode has achieved good engineering application effects. The approach significantly reduces surface deformation and can safely and efficiently replace coal resources that are difficult to mine.Data AvailabilityThe
experimental data used to support the findings of this study are included within the article.Conflicts of InterestThe authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.AcknowledgmentsThe help of the Yuxing mine is gratefully acknowledged. The authors sincerely appreciate the financial support from the
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51804310) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2020XJNY05).Copyright © 2021 Bin Lu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is properly cited.

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