1.

Although some of the structures and chemicals found in cells can be selectively stained by
specific fluorescent dyes, others are most conveniently revealed by using antibodies.
2. The DNA molecule must be opened up before replication can proceed.
3. A brain cell is quite different from a liver cell because it contains different proteins even
though the DNA in the two cell types is identical.
4. Since most eukaryotes are multicellular organisms with many cell types, gene expression
must be controlled so that different cell lineages develop differently and remain different.
5. The process of peptide bond formation is followed by translocation, and the Whole
process is repeated until the ribosome reaches a stop signal and protein synthesis
Terminates.
6. When the A site is occupied by a release factor, the enzyme Peptidyl transferase is unable
to add an amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain and Instead catalyzes the
hydrolysis of the bond joining the polypeptide chain to the tRNA
7. When protein synthesis is over, the two ribosomal subunits dissociate
8. Protein synthesis begins when a second aminoacyl tRNA occupies the A site.
9. The term residue is used to refer to the amino acid when it is part of a peptide chain.
10. If a protein contains more than one hydrophobic stretch, then synthesis of the second
stretch reinitiates translocation across the membrane
11. If a blood vessel is cut, cytosol from damaged cells at the edge of the cut can leak into the
blood.
12. Hormones are long-lived transmitters that are released into the blood and travel around the
body before being broken down.
13. Nitric oxide lasts for only about 4 s before being broken down.
14. Although there is some final processing of Proteins in the trans-Golgi network, most of the
proteins reaching this point have received All the modifications necessary to make them
fully functional and to specify their final Destination.
15. Although spontaneous pneumothorax would present the same way on a radiograph, the
patient’s history of Trauma (car crash) indicates the patient does not have A spontaneous
pneumothorax.
16. Because branches of The saphenous nerve cross the vein in the distal part Of the leg, the
nerve can be torn out of the limb if the Vein is stripped from the ankle to the knee.
17. Foot dorsifl exion is weakened because of partial Denervation of the extensor digitorum
longus
18. If a particular nerve is injured bilaterally, There is signifi cant risk of asphyxiation
postoperatively unless the patient is intubated or the airway is Opened surgically.
19. Division of lower Lumbar and sacral ventral rootlets would not eliminate pain sensation
since these rootlets contain effer ent motor fibers and no afferents.
20. Even though these genotypes appear to have a large number of pods per plant, they have to
be carefully evaluated in specific environments and their genotypic potential confirmed prior
to their used in the breeding program.
21. These enzymes are activated when the lysosomes fuse with other organelles destined for
degradation.
22. Even though transposons turn out to be much of the non-coding DNA in some eukaryotic
genomes, they seemed to serve no purpose other than their own replication.
23. Cancerous growth may result if a normal dividing cell suffers a somatic mutation that
disrupts normal cell cycle control.
24. The chemical and metabolic evolution that began before life may have overlapped in time
with cellular evolution
25. We could not definitively know their function until it became possible to release them from
cells and separate them from one another