Western Cape Education Department

Directorate: Curriculum FET

MATHEMATICS
REVISION BOOKLET
2023 TERM 1

Grade 11

This revision program is designed to assist you in revising the critical content
and skills envisaged/ planned to be covered during the 1st term. The purpose
is to prepare you to understand the key concepts and to provide you with an
opportunity to establish the required standard and the application of the
knowledge necessary to succeed in the NCS examination.
MATHEMATICS REVISION BOOKLET 2023 GRADE 11 TERM 1

If you wish to master Mathematics you need to remember:

 The final answer is by no means the most important in Mathematics.
Systematic, detailed and logical layout of every step of your working is
the most important.
 Do not accept the fact that you are careless. Carelessness can be
overcome by checking your work. It is important to check the
correctness and the validity of every step of your calculations. In this
way carelessness is overcome.
 Never take short cuts in Mathematics by leaving out steps in your
working.
 Despair in Mathematics can destroy your Mathematics. Never give up:
try again and again and … until you get it right. Continually say to
yourself: I CAN!!!!!
 The more you practice the better you will become!

The revision program covers the following topics:

• Exponents and surds
• Equations and inequalities
• Euclidian Geometry
• Trigonometry
 TOPIC: EXPONENTS AND SURDS
 𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 = 𝑎𝑎 × 𝑎𝑎 × 𝑎𝑎 × 𝑎𝑎 × … to 𝑛𝑛 factors of 𝑎𝑎, where 𝑎𝑎 > 0 and 𝑛𝑛 ∈ ℕ.

1. Product of powers 𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚 × 𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 = 𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚+𝑛𝑛

𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚
2. Quotient of powers 𝑛𝑛
= 𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚−𝑛𝑛
𝑎𝑎
3. Power of a power (𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚 )𝑛𝑛 = 𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
4. Power of a product (𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎)𝑚𝑚 = 𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚 𝑏𝑏 𝑚𝑚
1
5.1 Negative exponent 𝑎𝑎−𝑚𝑚 = 𝑚𝑚
𝑎𝑎
1
5.2 Negative exponent = 𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚
𝑎𝑎−𝑚𝑚
6. Exponent of 0 𝑎𝑎0 = 1

 When a root of a counting number is an irrational number, then the root is called a surd.

𝑚𝑚
𝑛𝑛
√𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 = 𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚
𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚
√𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 𝑚𝑚√𝑎𝑎. √𝑏𝑏
𝑚𝑚
𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑎 √𝑎𝑎
� = 𝑚𝑚
𝑏𝑏 √𝑏𝑏
𝑚𝑚 𝑛𝑛
� √𝑎𝑎 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
√𝑎𝑎

 You can use the laws only if the bases are the  2𝑚𝑚 . 2𝑛𝑛 = 2𝑚𝑚+𝑛𝑛
2𝑚𝑚
same.  = 2𝑚𝑚−𝑛𝑛
2𝑛𝑛

 You can only do calculations with the bases if  10𝑚𝑚 . 2𝑚𝑚 = 20𝑚𝑚
10𝑚𝑚
the exponents are the same.  = 5𝑚𝑚
2𝑚𝑚

REMEMBER THE FOLLOWING WHEN SOLVING EXPONENTIAL EQUATIONS:

1. Variable is in the exponent: Make the bases the same on both sides of the equation sign. Equate the
exponents.

2. Variable is in the base: Use the reciprocal of the exponent on both sides.
𝑚𝑚
If 𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑎𝑎, where 𝑎𝑎 is any constant, then:

2.1 if 𝑚𝑚 is odd, there is only one solution.

2.2 if 𝑚𝑚 is even, there are two solutions, one positive and one negative.

3. Factorisation
MATHEMATICS REVISION BOOKLET 2023 GRADE 11 TERM 1

Exercise:
1. Determine the following without the use of a calculator:
3
1.1 9− 2 (3)
1.2 (3−1 + 2−1 )−2 (4)
1
1.3 (0,5)−3 + √29 − (0,125)− 3
3
(4)
√12+2√27
1.4 (4)
√48

1.5 32021 + 32021 + 32021 (2)

3 3
1.6 √𝑎𝑎 − 1 × √𝑎𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑎 + 1 (3)

1.7 �2√5 − 4 . �2√5 + 4 (4)

3 2 3
1.8 ��1 − √2� . �3 + 2√2 (5)

2. Simplify each of the following and leave answer with positive exponents:
2.1 (−6𝑥𝑥 2 )3 × (−𝑥𝑥 −3 )−2 ÷ (−3𝑥𝑥 3 )2 (5)
4
2.2 3.5𝑥𝑥 + 6.5𝑥𝑥 − (3)
5−𝑥𝑥
7𝑛𝑛+1 . 14𝑛𝑛−1
2.3 (4)
98𝑛𝑛−1
25𝑛𝑛−1 .6𝑛𝑛
2.4 (5)
10𝑛𝑛−1 .15𝑛𝑛
2𝑥𝑥−1 + 2𝑥𝑥+3
2.5 (4)
3.2𝑥𝑥+1
5𝑥𝑥+2 −4.5𝑥𝑥
2.6 (4)
5𝑥𝑥−1 +2.5𝑥𝑥+1
51000 −5502 +24
2.7 (4)
5501 −5
3
√4𝑎𝑎+1 × √8𝑎𝑎+1
2.8 (4)
4𝑎𝑎−1

2.9 If 3𝑎𝑎 = 𝑝𝑝 and 2𝑏𝑏 = 𝑞𝑞, express 2.9𝑎𝑎 − 3.8−𝑏𝑏 in terms of 𝑝𝑝 and 𝑞𝑞. (3)

3. Solve for 𝑥𝑥:

3.1 (0,125)𝑥𝑥 = 0,25 (3)
2
3.2 𝑥𝑥 −3 = 0,25 (3)
3.3 2𝑥𝑥 = 1 (2)
1 𝑥𝑥−1
3.4 � � −9=0 (3)
3

3.5 22𝑥𝑥+3 + 4𝑥𝑥 = 72.23𝑥𝑥 (4)

3.6 3𝑥𝑥 = 8 + 9.3−𝑥𝑥 (5)
1
3.7 𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑥𝑥 2 − 5 = 0 (4)
MATHEMATICS REVISION BOOKLET 2023 GRADE 11 TERM 1

4. Simplify the following and leave your answer with a rational denominator:
3
(4)
√10+√7
2
�√3+2� +2
5. Show that = 3√3 + 4, without the use of a calculator. (4)
√3
6
6. If = 𝑚𝑚 + 𝑛𝑛√𝑡𝑡, find the values of 𝑚𝑚, 𝑛𝑛 and 𝑡𝑡. (4)
√2−2

TOPIC: EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES

 Solving quadratic equations

 Factorisation
 Quadratic formula

 Simultaneous solutions

 Both linear – use the substitution method

 One linear and the other one quadratic
- make one variable in the linear equation the subject
- substitute into the quadratic equation
- solve
- substitute the solution into the linear equation

 Equations with surds

- get term with surd alone

- square both sides
- solve
- test answer

 Quadratic inequalities

- write in standard form

- make coefficient of 𝑥𝑥 2 positive
- change the direction of the inequality if multiply or divide by a negative
- factorise
- determine the answer by means of a number line or a parabola
MATHEMATICS REVISION BOOKLET 2023 GRADE 11 TERM 1

Exercise:
1. Solve for 𝑥𝑥:

1.1 2𝑥𝑥(𝑥𝑥 − 3) = 0 (2)

1.2 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 5𝑥𝑥 − 4 = 0 (3)
1.3 √2 − 7𝑥𝑥 + 2 = 𝑥𝑥 (6)
1 2𝑥𝑥
1.4 + =1 (5)
𝑥𝑥+1 𝑥𝑥−1
2
1.5 𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥 = 6 (4)
3

1.6 (2𝑥𝑥 − 5)(𝑥𝑥 + 3) = 5 (5)

1.7 𝑥𝑥(2𝑥𝑥 + 5) ≥ 3 (4)
1.8 (𝑥𝑥 − 2)(3 − 𝑥𝑥) > 0 (2)
1.9 (5 − 𝑥𝑥)2 ≤ 0 (2)

2.1 Solve for 𝑥𝑥:

2
4𝑥𝑥 − = 7 (3)
𝑥𝑥

2.2 Hence solve for 𝑏𝑏:

2
4(𝑏𝑏 2 − 𝑏𝑏) − =7 (6)
𝑏𝑏2 −𝑏𝑏

3. Solve for 𝑥𝑥 and 𝑦𝑦:

3.1 4𝑥𝑥+𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥+4 and 2𝑦𝑦 2 − 3𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = −4 (7)

3.2 (𝑥𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦𝑦 − 3)2 = 4 and 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 4 (7)

4. Express 𝑘𝑘 as a power of 5 if 𝑘𝑘 = 5𝑥𝑥 + 5𝑥𝑥 + 5𝑥𝑥 + … 625 times. (2)

MATHEMATICS REVISION BOOKLET 2023 GRADE 11 TERM 1

 NATURE OF THE ROOTS OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION

∆= 𝑏𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 Nature of the roots
∆<0 Non real/Imaginary
∆≥0 Real
∆ > 0 and ∆ a perfect square Real, rational and unequal
∆ > 0 and ∆ not a perfect square Real, irrational and unequal
∆=0 Real, rational and equal

1. Without solving the equation, determine the nature of the roots:

1.1 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 + 4 = 0 (3)

1.2 𝑥𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑥 − 3 = 0 (3)

2. For which values of 𝑟𝑟 will 2𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥 − 𝑟𝑟 = 0 have equal roots? (4)

3. For which values of ℎ will the roots of 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 2ℎ𝑥𝑥 + 3 = 0 be imaginary? (5)

−2±√12−2𝑘𝑘
4. The solution to a quadratic equation is: 𝑥𝑥 =
3

4.1 If 𝑘𝑘 = 6, determine the nature of the roots. (3)

4.2 Determine the largest value of 𝑘𝑘 such that the roots of the equation will be rational. (2)

4.3 Determine the value(s) of 𝑘𝑘 such that the roots of the equation are non-real. (2)

5. Given: 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 2𝑥𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑥 − 4

5.1 Solve for 𝑥𝑥 if 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 0. (4)

5.2 Hence calculate the value of 𝑘𝑘 for which 𝑘𝑘𝑥𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑥 − 4 = 0 will have equal roots. (3)

3 1
6. Given: 𝑃𝑃 = � −
𝑥𝑥+4 𝑥𝑥

6.1 For which value(s) of 𝑥𝑥 will 𝑃𝑃 be undefined? (2)

6.2 For which value(s) of 𝑥𝑥 will 𝑃𝑃 be non-real? (2)

MATHEMATICS REVISION BOOKLET 2023 GRADE 11 TERM 1

TOPIC EUCLIDIAN GEOMETRY

GRADE 8 TO 10 GEOMETRY
 Angles on a straight line
 Vertically opposite angles
 Sum angles triangle and quadrilateral
 Properties of triangles and quadrilaterals
 Pythagoras
 Isosceles and equilateral triangle properties
 Congruency
 Alternate, corresponding, co-interior angels between parallel lines

CIRCLE GEOMETRY
Study all theorem proofs!!
 Line perpendicular from centre, bisects chord.
 Angle at centre equals twice angle at circumference.
 Opposite angles cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary.
 Angle between tangent and chord equals angle subtended by
chord in opposite segment.

Prove that:
Three ways to prove that a quadrilateral is
 opposite angles are supplementary
cyclic.
 exterior angle equal interior opposite angle
 line subtends equal angles on same side of it
Prove that:

Two ways to prove that a line is a tangent to a  the angle between line and radius is 90°
circle.  the angle between line and chord equals angle
subtended by chord in opposite circle
segment

Exercise:

1. In the diagram, O is the centre of circle WRP. Radius PO

is produced to bisect chord WR at T. PR = 60 mm and
PT = 40 mm.

Calculate, with reasons, the length of

chord WR. (5)
MATHEMATICS REVISION BOOKLET 2023 GRADE 11 TERM 1

2. In the diagram, O is the centre of circle RMPS.

T is the midpoint of RM and R � = 50°.

2.1 Calculate, with reasons, the size of:

�1
(a) T
(b) O�2
(c) S�
(d) P�1 (8)

2.2 Is TOPM a cyclic quadrilateral? Give a reason

for your answer. (2)

3. In the diagram, PSRM is a circle with centre O.

SR is produced and MN is drawn. MO � S = 2𝑥𝑥

3.1 Give, with reasons, three other angles

equal to 𝑥𝑥. (4)

3.2 Express S� 2 in terms of 𝑥𝑥. (2)

3.3 SRMO is a cyclic quadrilateral.

True or false? Explain your answer. (4)

4. In the diagram, PQ is a tangent to circle SRQWT at Q.

PRS is a straight line. RW intersects SQ at K and
intersects QT at L. PS ∥ QT and RS = TW.

Prove that:

4.1 KQ is a tangent to circle LQW (4)

� 1 = L� 3
4.2 R (3)

4.3 PRKQ is a cyclic quadrilateral (6)

MATHEMATICS REVISION BOOKLET 2023 GRADE 11 TERM 1

5. In the diagram, circles ACBE and AMBD intersect

at A and B. CB is a tangent to the larger circle at B.
M is the centre of the smaller circle. CAD and BND
� 3 = 𝑥𝑥
are straight lines. A

� in terms of 𝑥𝑥.
5.1 Determine the size of D (4)

5.2 Prove that:

5.2.1 CB ∥ AN (5)
5.2.2 AB is a tangent to circle AND (3)

6. In the diagram, P, Q, R and S are on the circle.

PS and QR produced meet in T, PQ = PR and
PQ� R = 80°.

6.1 Give, with reasons, three other angles

equal to 80°. (6)

�S = 70°, calculate the sizes of SR

6.2 If QP � T,
ST � S.
�R and PQ (6)

7. QS is a diameter of the circle with centre O,

produced to A. AU is a tangent to the circle at P.
PQ ∥ UO and P�4 = 𝑥𝑥.

7.1 Determine, with reasons, three other angles

that are equal to 𝑥𝑥. (6)

7.2 Prove, with reasons, that UPOS is a cyclic

quadrilateral. (2)
MATHEMATICS REVISION BOOKLET 2023 GRADE 11 TERM 1

8. Complete the following by giving the reasons for the answers:

𝑎𝑎 = 10 […8.1…]
𝑥𝑥 = 35° […8.2…]
𝑦𝑦 = 90° […8.3…]
𝑏𝑏 = 4 […8.4…]
𝑐𝑐 = 9,17 […8.5…] (5)

9. In the figure, O is the centre of the circle. 𝑉𝑉𝑂𝑂�𝑌𝑌 = 80°

and 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 ∥ 𝑌𝑌𝑌𝑌.

Determine 𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦 and 𝑧𝑧. (6)

10. In the diagram, a circle is drawn passing through A, B, C, D and E.

The tangents at B and C meet at T. BE �C = 𝑥𝑥 and D
� = 𝑦𝑦.

Express each of the following in terms of 𝑥𝑥 and/or 𝑦𝑦, giving reasons.

�2
10.1 B
10.2 C� 4
�
10.3 T
�
10.4 A
�1
10.5 B (10)
MATHEMATICS REVISION BOOKLET 2023 GRADE 11 TERM 1

11. TD is a tangent to the circle ABCD. AD ∥ BC. AB and

DC produced meet at W. TBS is a straight line.

� T = CB
If WB �D, prove that:

11.1 BWTD is a cyclic quadrilateral. (3)

11.2 TBS is a tangent to circle ABCD. (5)

12. In the diagram, two circles intersect in 𝐴𝐴 and 𝐶𝐶. Straight

lines 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 and 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 intersect the circles in 𝑇𝑇 and 𝐷𝐷, and
𝐶𝐶 and 𝐷𝐷 respectively. The larger circle passes through 𝑂𝑂,
the centre of the smaller circle.

If 𝐵𝐵� = 𝑥𝑥, prove that:

12.1 � = 180° − 2𝑥𝑥

𝐷𝐷 (3)
12.2 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 (2)
12.3 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 ∥ 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 (3)
MATHEMATICS REVISION BOOKLET 2023 GRADE 11 TERM 1

TOPIC TRIGONOMETRY
 Definitions
𝑦𝑦 opposite
For any size 𝜃𝜃: sin 𝜃𝜃 = =
𝑟𝑟 hypotenuse

𝑥𝑥 adjacent
cos 𝜃𝜃 = =
𝑟𝑟 hypotenuse

𝑦𝑦 opposite
tan 𝜃𝜃 = =
𝑥𝑥 adjacent

 Identities

sin 𝜃𝜃 1 cos 𝜃𝜃
tan 𝜃𝜃 = =
cos 𝜃𝜃 tan 𝜃𝜃 sin 𝜃𝜃
sin2 𝜃𝜃 = 1 − cos 2 𝜃𝜃
sin2 𝜃𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃𝜃 = 1
cos 2 𝜃𝜃 = 1 − sin2 𝜃𝜃

 180°, 360° 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 (−𝜃𝜃) rule

REDUCTION FORMULAE
Quadrant 2 Quadrant 3 Quadrant 4 Negative angles
sin(180° − 𝜃𝜃 ) = sin 𝜃𝜃
sin(180° + 𝜃𝜃 ) = −sin 𝜃𝜃 sin(360° − 𝜃𝜃 ) = −sin 𝜃𝜃
cos(180° − 𝜃𝜃 ) sin(−𝜃𝜃 ) = − sin 𝜃𝜃
cos(180° + 𝜃𝜃 ) cos(360° − 𝜃𝜃 ) = cos 𝜃𝜃
= −cos 𝜃𝜃 cos(−𝜃𝜃 ) = cos 𝜃𝜃
= −cos 𝜃𝜃 tan(360° − 𝜃𝜃 )
tan(180° − 𝜃𝜃 ) tan(−𝜃𝜃 ) = −tan 𝜃𝜃
tan(180° + 𝜃𝜃 ) = tan 𝜃𝜃 = −tan 𝜃𝜃
= −tan 𝜃𝜃

 90° rule

CO-FUNCTIONS
Quadrant 1 Quadrant 2
sin(90° − 𝜃𝜃 ) = cos 𝜃𝜃 sin(90° + 𝜃𝜃 ) = cos 𝜃𝜃
cos(90° − 𝜃𝜃 ) = sin 𝜃𝜃 cos(90° + 𝜃𝜃 ) = −sin 𝜃𝜃

 Special angles

Know the 45°/30°/60° ratios without a calculator.

1 √3 1
sin 45° = sin 60° = sin 30° =
√2 2 2

1 1 √3
cos 45° = cos 60 ° = cos 30 ° =
√2 2 2
1
tan 45° = 1 tan 60° = √3 tan 30° =
√3
MATHEMATICS REVISION BOOKLET 2023 GRADE 11 TERM 1
MATHEMATICS REVISION BOOKLET 2023 GRADE 11 TERM 1

Exercises:

1. If 4 + 3 tan 𝜃𝜃 = 0 and sin 𝜃𝜃 > 0, determine without using a calculator the value
of sin 𝜃𝜃 + cos 𝜃𝜃. (4)

2. In the diagram, P is a point in the first quadrant so that

5 sin(90° − 𝜃𝜃) − 3 = 0. R(𝑘𝑘;6) is a point in the second
� R = 90°.
quadrant so that PO

Determine the value of:

2.1 tan 𝜃𝜃 (4)

2.2 𝑘𝑘 (3)

1
3. If sin 43° = , express the following in terms of 𝑎𝑎:
𝑎𝑎

3.1 sin 223° (2)

3.2 cos 317° (2)
3.3 tan(−137°) (2)
3.4 cos 493° (3)

4. If 2 tan 25° = 𝑝𝑝, determine the following in terms of 𝑝𝑝:

4.1 sin 205° (3)

4.2 cos (−115°) (3)
4.3 tan 245° (2)

5. Simplify the following expressions without using a calculator:

sin(−72°).tan 135°
5.1 (6)
sin 60°.tan 210°.cos 18°

sin 63° .cos2 135° .tan 315°

5.2 (8)
sin 240° .tan 150° .cos 27°

cos 143°.cos2 127°

5.3 (8)
sin(−37°).sin 217° .cos 323°
MATHEMATICS REVISION BOOKLET 2023 GRADE 11 TERM 1

6. Calculate without the use of a calculator that:

1
sin 240° . tan 300° + cos 330° = �3 + √3� (6)
2

7. Simplify without the use of a calculator:

sin(360°−𝜃𝜃).cos(180°+𝜃𝜃)
7.1 � (6)
tan 𝜃𝜃(cos2 𝜃𝜃+sin2 𝜃𝜃)

cos(90°−𝜃𝜃).tan(180°+𝜃𝜃) cos(90°+𝜃𝜃)
7.2 + (7)
tan(180°−𝜃𝜃).sin(180°−𝜃𝜃) sin(360°−𝜃𝜃)

cos(180°−𝜃𝜃).sin(𝜃𝜃−90°)−1
7.3 (8)
tan2 (540°+𝜃𝜃).sin(90°+𝜃𝜃).cos(−𝜃𝜃)

8. Prove the following identities:

cos 𝑥𝑥 2 sin2 𝑥𝑥
8.1 = (6)
sin 𝑥𝑥 2 tan 𝑥𝑥−2 sin 𝑥𝑥 cos 𝑥𝑥

cos 𝑥𝑥 1
8.2 tan 𝑥𝑥 + = (4)
1+sin 𝑥𝑥 cos 𝑥𝑥

8.3 tan2 𝑥𝑥 − sin2 𝑥𝑥 = tan2 𝑥𝑥 . sin2 𝑥𝑥 (4)

sin 𝑥𝑥+cos 𝑥𝑥
9. Given: = cos 𝑥𝑥
tan 𝑥𝑥+1

9.1 Prove this identity. (4)

9.2 For which values of 𝑥𝑥 is this identity undefined? (2)