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MEDINA COLLEGE J
Maningcol, Ozamiz City
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Junior High School DepartmentR

SCIENCE 7
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EXEQUIEL M. RAMIENTOS JR, LPT
MEDINA COLLEGE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
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MODULE 2

Cla ssifying substances as Elements or Compounds

What Is This Module About?

This module introduced to you the concept on the scientific ways of acquiring
knowledge and solving problems. Scientific method is important not only for scientist but also
for every person since it will serve as our guide to come up with an appropriate solution to the problem. There is one
lesson prepared for you in this module :

Lesson 1: The Components of Scientific Investigation

What Will You Learn From This Module?

After reading this module, you should be able to:
1.Identify and describe the components of a scientific investigation

How to learn from this module

In order to achieve the objectives of this module successfully, you have to

remember the following:

1. Read and follow the instructions carefully.

2. Answer the pretest.

3. Take down notes and record points for clarification.

4. Take the posttest and check your answers against the key at the

end of the module.

5. Try to obtain at least 85% level of proficiency in the tests.

EXEQUIEL M. RAMIENTOS JR, LPT

MEDINA COLLEGE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
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Let’s See What You Already Know

Before you start studying this module, take the following test first to find out
how much you already know about the topics to be discussed.

Directions: Choose the correct answer from the words inside the box and write your answer in the blank space provided
before the number.

a. Hypothesis d. Dependent Variable g. Data j.Independent Variable m.Record

b. Control e.Experiment h.Communicate k.Interpret n.Question
c. Investigation f.Conclusion i. Observation l.Variable o.Procedure

___1.A conclusion based from evidence and reasoning

____2. A formal inquiry or systematic study
____3.A judgment based on the results of an experiment
____4.A sequence of steps involved in performing experiment
____5.A temporary solution to a problem
____6.Any information that is gathered with the use of senses
____7.can change or influence the result of the experiment
____8.observations & measurements recorded
____9. Organized process to test a hypothesis
____10.Sharing the results to get helpful feedback
____11.The inquiry or problem relating to a topic
____12.The factor that is manipulated during an experiment
___13.To interpret or give meaning
___14. To write accurate information about what occurs during experiment
___15.Used to show that the result of an experiment is really due

EXEQUIEL M. RAMIENTOS JR, LPT

MEDINA COLLEGE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
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LESSON 1
Let’s Learn

TECHNICAL TERMS :

Scientific Method : a method of doing research that includes the steps of identifying problem , gathering data ,
forming a hypothesis , testing a hypothesis and drawing a conclusion
Question : the inquiry or problem relating to a topic that can be answered by conducting an experiment
Experiment : a test or trial performed in order to discover something
Hypothesis: an educated guess or reasonable assumption
Procedure: a sequence of steps involved in performing an experiment
Observe: to notice what occurs during an experiment
Record : to write accurate information about what occurs during an experiment
Interpret : to explain or give meaning to
Conclusion : the result or outcome of something
Variable : something that can change or influence the results of an experiment
Ethical : following the rules of being fair and honest
Fair Test :making sure that in an experiment, one factor or condition(the independent variable) affects another
(Dependent Variable) by keeping all other conditions constant or the same.
Controlled Variables: factors that are kept the same in the experiment

WHAT IS SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION?

Scientific investigation refers to the way in which scientists and researchers use a systematic approach to answer
questions about the world around us . Scientific investigation method is a systematic way of gaining scientific knowledge. It
trains us to think critically and creatively and also trains us to be more observant and more analytical.
Investigation is the heart of science. It is the way scientists do research. Scientific investigation is a way to find
answers to a question that will produce evidences that help you answer questions and solve problems. When the evidence
cannot provide answers or solutions then it may lead to new questions or problems for investigation. As more knowledge are
discovered, science advances.

Researchers investigate the world in so many ways. In different fields of science, they may use different methods and
be guided by different theories and hypotheses but most of them generally follow the steps in a Scientific Investigation.

COMPONENTS OF SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION

EXEQUIEL M. RAMIENTOS JR, LPT

MEDINA COLLEGE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
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1.FORMULATE A SPECIFIC QUESTION OR PROBLEM TO A TESTABLE FORM

The first step in scientific investigations is to identify a problem in a given situation. The problem comes when a researcher is
curious or interested about something he/she has observed in the environment

For example :

 If you want to know the effects of fertilizer on the growth of plant, your possible problem question is :

I.Question :  A testable question is one that can

be answered by designing and
Does fertilizer make a plant grow bigger?
conducting an investigation

2. FORMULATE HYPOTHESIS

 Hypothesis is the statement that gives a tentative answer or solution to the question , it is the expected outcome in an
experiment

For example :

II.Hypothesis:

If the fertilizer is applied to plant, then the plant will grow bigger

We can use the IF-THEN statement for your hypothesis

3. SELECT AND JUSTIFY A PROCEDURE TO BE USED IN ANSWERING THE SPECIFIC QUESTIONS

 In this step you will formulate procedures for your actual experiment

For example:
III.Procedure : 1.Write hypothesis in a testable form
2.Identify the variables that need to control in order to have a fair test.
3.Identify the dependent and independent variables
4. Prepare all the materials needed
5.Make experimental and controlled set-up

4.IDENTIFY THE DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES IN THE INVESTIGATION

For example : Does fertilizer make a plant grow bigger?

EXEQUIEL M. RAMIENTOS JR, LPT
MEDINA COLLEGE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
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Independent Variable (fertilizer) Dependent Variable (plant growth)

The Fertilizer is the Independent Variable because it is the variable that stands alone and cannot be affected by the other
variable and the Plant Growth is the dependent variable because it is the variable that depends on the independent variable.
IV.Variables : Independent variable : Fertilizer
Dependent variable : Plant Growth

 Determining cause and effect is one of the most important parts of scientific research. It's essential
to know which is the cause – the independent variable – and which is the effect – the dependent
variable.

5.CARRY OUT THE PROCEDURES THAT INCLUDES A FAIR TEST.

 This is the step in which you will perform the experiment including the Fair test.
Fair test: An investigation where one variable (the independent variable) is changed and all other conditions (controlled
variables) are kept the same; what is measured or observed is referred to as the dependent variable.
In Fair test you are going to identify controlled variables by making Experimental design which consist of controlled set-up
and Experimental Set-up, the controlled variables or the same variables in both set-up are species of plant with the same
size, health ,age, type of soil , pot and amount of water at the same schedule of watering. These are important because they
ensure that the fertilizer is the only variable that can affect the plant growth.
EXPERIMENT : DOES FERTILIZER MAKE A PLANT GROW BIGGER?

Controlled Variables
Independent variable
 PLANT
only in EXPERIMENTAL
 SOIL
SET-UP which is the :
 POT
 WATER
 FERTILIZER
CONTROLLED SET-UP EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP

 Do repeated trials to increase accuracy and reliability, you should repeat the actual experiment at least three times.

6.MAKE OBSERVATIONS THAT ARE RELEVANT TO THE SPECIFIC QUESTION

EXEQUIEL M. RAMIENTOS JR, LPT

MEDINA COLLEGE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
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Observation is essential in science. Scientists use observation to collect and record data, which enables them to construct
and then test hypotheses and theories

Let us go back to the Question Problem , the question is asking about the Plant growth as the fertilizer is applied, thus ,the
focus of your observation is the Plant growth .So after applying the independent variable which is the fertilizer you will
now observe the plant growth which is the dependent variable .Plant Growth is the dependent variable because dependent
variable is what you are observing.

7.MAKE MEASUREMENTS USING APPROPRIATE DEVICES AND UNITS

Choose appropriate device from the measuring devices, since you will measure the length of the growth of plant , the device
that you can use is TAPE MEASURE OR RULER. You will also use the appropriate unit , in this experiment the
appropriate unit is centimeter

8.Record and Report all observations and data

You can make a chart to record the measurement of plant growth in a certain period of time
EXEQUIEL M. RAMIENTOS JR, LPT
MEDINA COLLEGE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
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V.Observations and Data

Plant Growth Chart

Date Plant A Plant B

(controlled set-up) (Experimental set-up)

July 1 2 cm 3 cm

July 3 4 cm 6 cm

July 6 6 cm 9 cm

July 9 8 cm 12 cm

9.INTERPRET PATTERNS FROM THE DATA GATHERED

In interpreting data you can use graphical representation such as Bar Graph,Horizontal Bar Graph, Line Graph and Pie
Chart

10.INFER AND EXPLAIN RELATIONSHIPS FROM THE DATA

EXEQUIEL M. RAMIENTOS JR, LPT

MEDINA COLLEGE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
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11.Draw a conclusion from the results obtained, including a statement to support or reject the hypothesis .

The next step of scientific investigation is to form a conclusion. If the data support the hypothesis, then the hypothesis is
correct and may be the explanation for the phenomena. If the data do not support the hypothesis, then more observations must
be made, a new hypothesis is formed and the scientific investigation is used all over again.

VII. Conclusion :
The plant B with fertilizer grew bigger than the plant A without fertilizer.
The data suggest that the hypothesis is correct. These can be said that the fertilizer Here, you need to support the
can make the plant grow bigger results by citing studies or
The result is similar to the experiment conducted by ….. that the fertilizer
experiments with the same results
can make the plant grow bigger.

Steps in Scientific Method

Scientists are, by nature, keen observers that is why they can easily perceive areas where problems exist.
Having identified the problem, scientist undertakes a carefully planned investigation following a systematic and
logical approach using steps in scientific method. The figure below shows the steps in Scientific Method.
EXEQUIEL M. RAMIENTOS JR, LPT
MEDINA COLLEGE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
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FORM A HYPOTHESIS
DEFINE/IDENTIFY MAKE TEST HYPOTHESIS &
THE PROBLEM OBSERVATIONS PERFORM EXPERIMENTS

TRY NEW EXPERIMENTS

NO
ORGANIZE AND ANALYZE DATA

YES

FAULTY EXPERIMENTS

COMMUNICATE RESULTS DRAW CONCLUSION

1. Identifying Problems – The first step in scientific investigations is to identify

a problem in a given situation. The problem comes when a researcher is curious
or interested about something he/she has observed in the environment.

EXEQUIEL M. RAMIENTOS JR, LPT

MEDINA COLLEGE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
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2. Making Observations - The process of science starts with an observation within

the surrounding of a researcher. In this step, the scientist will research and make
observations regarding the problem.

3. Forming a Hypothesis - In this step, you will give temporary solutions to the
identified problem.

4. Testing the Hypothesis/ Experiment –The next scientific step you are going to
do is to test your hypothesis . Some hypothesis may be tested simply by further
observations or take an elaborate and tedious process as in the experiment.

5. Organize and Analyze Data - After performing an experiment and collecting

data , one must analyze the data . Research experiments usually analyzed data with
statistical software in order to determine the relationships among the data gathered.
In this case of a simpler experiment, one would look at the data and see how they
show a relationship .

6. Draw Conclusions – The next step of scientific investigation is to form a

conclusion. If the data support the hypothesis, then the hypothesis is correct and may
be the explanation for the phenomena. If the data do not support the hypothesis, then
more observations must be made, a new hypothesis is formed and the scientific
investigation is used all over again.

7. Communicate Results –When a conclusion is drawn , the research can be

presented to others to inform them of the findings and receive input about the
validity of the conclusion

Week 1
Activity 1
Directions : Fill in the crossword puzzle with the words missing from the sentences
below. Match the number of the sentence to the boxes placed across or down the grid. If filled out correctly , the words will
fit neatly into the puzzle.

EXEQUIEL M. RAMIENTOS JR, LPT

MEDINA COLLEGE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
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1.The __is the part of an experiment that is not being tested and is used for comparison.
2.The _ describes the steps you use during an experiment.
3.After an experiment , scientists write a _ which summarizes their experiment and results.
4.The __ __ is a process used by scientists to find answers to questions or solve a problem.
5. The __ variable is the part of the experiment that is being tested or the part that is changed by the person doing the
experiment.
6.The __ is an educated guess.
7. Scientists use their data to make charts and __ to communicate the results of an experiment.
8. After the scientist makes a hypothesis , they perform an __ to collect data.
9. The first step of the scientific method is to define or identify the __.
10.Sometimes scientists make a mistake , or __ and need to do an experiment again.
11.The __ variable is the part of the experiment that is affected by the independent variable.
12.After the experiment , scientists organize and __ the data.
13. The information collected during an experiment is called__.
14. Scientist make __ to help them make a hypothesis or collect data during an experiment.

Activity 2

Directions : Below are steps in scientific investigation, arrange the following steps in the proper order. Write numbers 1-7 (1
being the first step and 7 as the last step).

____________ a. Test the hypothesis

____________    b. Observe and record
____________    c. Make a hypothesis/ temporary solution or answer
EXEQUIEL M. RAMIENTOS JR, LPT
MEDINA COLLEGE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
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____________    d. Communicate the result

____________    e. Identify the problem
____________    f. Arrive at a conclusion/ making of general statement
____________    g. Find out the problem

II. Critical Thinking

Directions : Read the following scenario and identify the parts of the scientific method in it.

Maggie read that some plants grow better if the soil is acidic. She can’t believe that a plant can grow when exposed to acid.
Maggie decides to test if the plants she has will grow better when acid is added to the soil. She puts potting soil in two
planting containers and transplants two of her geraniums that seem about the same size into the pots. She puts the pots in the
same location so that they both get the same sunlight each day, are at the same temperature and she makes sure they get the
same amount of water. However, Maggie puts a tablespoon of vinegar in the water she gives to one of the plants. She
measures the growth of the plants every week for five weeks and records the results in a data table below:

1.Problem (What do you want to know)

_______________________________________________________________________
2.Hypothesis: _________________________________________________________________________
3. Dependent Variable: _________________________________________________________________
4. Independent Variable: ________________________________________________________________
5. Control Group:______________________________________________________________________
6. Experimental Group: _________________________________________________________________

Evaluation
Test I
Directions : Read the following scenario and identify the parts of the scientific method in it.

Al wonders if adding salt to water will affect how long it takes the water to freeze. Al thinks that salt water will
freeze more quickly than fresh water. He decides to check his hypothesis by conducting an experiment. Al takes two ice trays
and fills one with distilled water and the other with distilled water that has two tablespoons of salt added. He makes sure he
EXEQUIEL M. RAMIENTOS JR, LPT
MEDINA COLLEGE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
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puts exactly the same amount of water in each ice tray. Al takes the trays and puts them side by side in the freezer. Al checks
the ice trays every 10 minutes to see if the water in each tray has begun to freeze. Al finds that after 20 minutes the water in
the ice tray without the salt has started to form ice, while the ice tray with the salt water is still completely liquid
1.Problem (What do you want to know)
_______________________________________________________________________
2.Hypothesis: _________________________________________________________________________
3. Dependent Variable: _________________________________________________________________
4. Independent Variable: ________________________________________________________________
5. Control Group:______________________________________________________________________
6. Experimental Group: _________________________________________________________________
II.
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words from the vocabulary list inside the box.
The _________________ method is one way that people think about and solve questions or problems. When you
begin your experiment, it is important to state a problem or _________________ that you would like to find an answer to. It
is important to look up or _________________ up-to-date information about your topic before you conduct any experiments.
A(n) _________________ is a possible explanation about something.
To conduct a(n) _________________ is a good way to discover something new about science. Be sure to write down
each step or _________________ in the correct order before you start your science experiment. When you conduct an
experiment and you deliberately change one thing, you are introducing a(n) _________________. It is critical to watch or
_________________ what is happening with every step of your experiment. After you conduct your experiment, a valuable
step is to write down or _________________ what happened. When you explain what happened in your experiment, you
_________________ the results. Sharing true information about the outcome of your experiment is an example of
_________________ behavior. After an experiment, it is important to write down your _________________ or summary of
what you learned.

Scientific Method procedure Conclusion

Question Observe Variable

Experiment Record ethical

Hypothesis Interpret research

EXEQUIEL M. RAMIENTOS JR, LPT

MEDINA COLLEGE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
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EXEQUIEL M. RAMIENTOS JR, LPT

MEDINA COLLEGE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
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EXEQUIEL M. RAMIENTOS JR, LPT

MEDINA COLLEGE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
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EXEQUIEL M. RAMIENTOS JR, LPT

MEDINA COLLEGE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
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EXEQUIEL M. RAMIENTOS JR, LPT

MEDINA COLLEGE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL