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Module 1

Introduction to Microprocessor and its organization

 General concept of microprocessor and architecture
 Bus organization, Memory concepts
 8085 microprocessor
 Instruction execution and timings
 Instruction Set
 Interfacing I/O devices
 Addressing modes
 8085 interrupts

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 Module 1

Introduction to Microprocessor and its organization

Lecture 3

8085 Microprocessor Architecture

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 Module 1

Introduction to Microprocessor and its organization

 General concept of microprocessor and architecture
 Bus organization, Memory concepts
 8085 microprocessor
 Instruction execution and timings
 Instruction Set
 Interfacing I/O devices
 Addressing modes
 8085 interrupts

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 8085 Microprocessor

Architecture

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 8085 microprocessor

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 8085 microprocessor

The 8085 architecture consists of

 ALU

 Timing and Control Unit

 Instruction Register and decoder

 Register Array

 Interrupt Control, and

 Serial I/O control

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 8085 microprocessor

Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)

 It performs the computing functions

 It includes the accumulator, temporary register, the arithmetic and logic circuits and five flags.

 The temporary register is used to hold data during an arithmetic / logic operation.

 The result is stored in the accumulator.

 The flags (flip – flops) are set or reset according to the result of operation.

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 8085 microprocessor
Flags

 In 8085, five flags are present.

 Sign Flag (S),

 Zero Flag (Z),

 Auxiliary Carry Flag (AC), D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

 Parity Flag (P) and S Z AC P CY
 Carry Flag (CY).

 The Program Status Word (PSW) for flag register is as follows:

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 8085 microprocessor

 Sign Flag (S)

o After the execution of an arithmetic or logic operation, if bit D7 of the result is 1,
the sign flag is set.
o This flag is used with signed numbers.
o In a given byte, if bit D7 is 1, the number is negative.
o If it is 0, the number is positive.
o The remaining seven bits are used to measure the magnitude of a number.
 Zero Flag (Z)
o It is set, if the result of operation is 0, and the flag is reset, if the result is not zero.

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 8085 microprocessor

 Auxiliary Carry Flag (AC)

o In an arithmetic operation when a carry is generated by D3 and passed to D4, the AC flag is
set.
 Parity Flag (P)
o After an arithmetic or logical operation, if the result has an even number of 1s, the flag is set.
If it has an odd number of 1s, the flag is reset.
 Carry Flag (CY)
o If the arithmetic operation results in a carry, the carry flag is set, otherwise it is reset.

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 8085 microprocessor

 Timing and Control Unit

o This unit synchronizes all the microprocessor operation with the clock, and
o Generates the control signals necessary for communication between microprocessor and
peripherals.
 Instruction Register and Decoder
o When an instruction is fetched from memory, it is loaded in the instruction register.
o The decoder decodes the instruction and establishes the sequence of events to follow.

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 8085 microprocessor

 Register Array
o The 8085 has six general purpose registers to store 8-bit data during program execution.
o These registers are B, C, D, E, H and L.
o They can combine as register pair – BC, DE and HL to perform 16 – bit operations.
o These registers are programmable.
 Accumulator
o It is an 8 – bit register. It is used to store 8 – bit data.

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 8085 microprocessor

 Program Counter
o It is a 16 – bit register. It is used to sequence the execution of instructions.
o The function of the program counter is to point to the memory address from which the next
byte is to be fetched.
o When a byte is being fetched, the program counter is incremented by one to point to the
next memory location.
 Stack Pointer
o It is a 16 – bit register used as memory pointer.
o It points to a memory location in R/W memory called the stack.

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 8085 microprocessor

Video for 8085 architecture

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 8085 microprocessor

Thank you

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