WATER SUPPLY

WATER
Water is a combination of two elementary substances hydrogen and oxygen. It appears in its
natural state as:
Liquid ----------------------------- 830 times heavier than air.
Solid ----------------------------- ice
Gas ----------------------------- vapor or steam .. . 133 times lighter than air

WEIGHT OF WATER IN LIQUID FORM:

a. 3.778 kg. per U.S Gallon
b. 1.000 kg. per cubic meter

THERE ARE THREE SOURCES OF WATER:

a. Rainfall
b. Natural Surface; water from streams, rivers and lakes, ponds.
c. Underground water-deep and shallow wells

FROM THE RAINFALL

Advantages Disadvantages
Obtained from roofs and watersheds. It is soft Hard to store for a long time as it will be a
pure and good on places where there is an breeding place for mosquitoes, requires big
abundant rainfall. containers for storing big quantities for long
uses, roofs may not be clean, bad for places
that receives a little amount of rainfall.

FROM THE NATURAL SURFACE

Advantages Disadvantages
Obtained from ponds, lakes, rivers easiness of Dangerous because it contains large
procurements and good for locality near such amounts of bacterias , organic and inorganic
bodies of water. substances of varying quantities.
 FROM UNDERGROUND
Advantages Disadvantages
Obtained from below ground surface by Because of various organic matter and
means of mechanical and manual equipments. chemical elements present, it requires
treatment of various nature, such as
More water can be obtained depending by sedimentation, chemical, filtration, aerations.
equipments used and locality.

METHODS OF PURIFICATION AND TREATMENT OF WATER

1. SEDIMENTATION - articles of matters that are suspended in the water are
allowed to stay in a container so that they will settle in the bottom, then
drawing the water out, leaving these sediments in the container.

2. CHEMICAL TREATMENTS - water are given chemical treatments to kill the

harmful bacterias present and to cure the turbid taste or mud taste,
remove clay, salts, iron etc. commonly used chemical is chlorine.

3. FILTRATION - water are filtered on various processes, so as to remove the

particles of vegetable matter, mud, and other particles of matter present
in the water, most commonly used materials are sand and gravel.

TWO PROCESSES
 a. SLOW PROCESS

b. MECHANICAL OR RAPID PROCESS

4. Aeration - raw water is made to pass on pipes of tiny sieves and exposed
to air of fine mist.