PICO Exercise

Contoh

Research question: Is Cognitive Behaviour Therapy more effective at reducing the

symptoms of eating disorders than antidepressants?

Main Concept Synonyms/Abbreviations/More

specific concepts
P – Problem, Eating Disorder(s)  Appetite Disorder(s)
condition, patient, Also consider if you  Anorexia Nervosa
population, setting wish to restrict to a  Bulimia
particular group e.g.  Pica
men, older women,  Binge eating disorder(s)
adolescents etc. …
I – Intervention: Cognitive Behaviour  CBT
dose, delivery, Therapy  Cognitive Therapy
frequency Also consider length of  Cognitive Psychotherapies
treatment/Frequency Cognitive
of sessions? Does it Behavioral/Behavioural
depend on the skill of Therapies
the therapist? …
C – Comparison Antidepressants  Antidepressive agents
(may not be one) Consider if you are  Selective serotonin reuptake
interested in a specific inhibitor 
dose, how administered  SSRI
(oral, patches, self  Specific drug names (brand
administered etc.), and generic) e.g. fluoxetine
frequency etc and Prozac
…
O – Outcome: Symptom reduction Reduction of symptoms
what happens to Could also consider: Symptom management
P? Cost-effective? adverse effects, how Treatment outcome
Patients’ quickly do you see an
experience? effect? Which is more
cost effective?
Research question:
Obat manakah dari golongan NSAID yang memiliki efektifitas terbaik untuk meredakan
sakit migrain ?

P – Problem, condition,
patient, population, setting
Synonyms/Abbreviations/M
Main Concept
ore specific concepts
Pasien remaja berumur 25  Migraine Disorders
tahun berjenis kelamin laki-  Male
laki mengeluhkan sakit  Adults
migrain  Humans

I/E– Intervention/ NSAID  Therapeutic use

Exposure: dose, delivery,  Aspirin
frequency  Ibuprofen
 Anti-Inflamatory
Agent, Non-Steroidal
 Cyclooxygenase 2
Inhibitor
C – Comparison (may not
be one)
O – Outcome: what happens Obat yang memiliki  Drug effects
to P? Cost-effective? efektifitas terbaik untuk  Drug effect
Patients’ experience? meredakan migrain

 Pubmed (Sinonim) > mesh term

 Pubmed (Boolean) > advance
 Cochrane library > advance search > search manager > format ( #number
OR #number > #number AND #number)
 Euro pmc > langsung search > format (