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    7 views25 pages

    Metric Handbook Part 02 - Basic Design Data

    Uploaded by

    Anca Loghin

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    2 Basic design data David Adler KEY POINTS: © Certain dimensions are crucial to individual use and health © Satisfying the average situation is unlikely to help the majority © Each case must be carefully considered with all classes of users, particularly people with different disabilities, in mind Contents 1 Introduction 2 Anthropometries 3 Ergonomics 4 Disabled people 5 Circulation spaces 6 Activities 7 Fumiture 8 Storage 9 References 1 INTRODUCTION In this chapter will be found basic data which are needed for the hie, 9 en ok 1h is i T] | |S atten oyun it imo 160 ino e ction yeas od igo iss lo I e hen, 12 Se 2 bm hie, 1 jean 180 | hie, Sea 10 7 ‘Syean ld tes0 S10 | J legen 0 20 z . 1? jean od so isn ean od wea isn t 5 ea tn Ais tes es isis eed 195 Nas 0 isos ness ss fei Hao iiss et 195 as ts hay eo 15 tao te 16% v 18 24 Key dimensions listed in Table Il. These figures are based ‘om surveys of unclothed volunteers, and in using them allowances should be made for the wearing of clothes and shoes (see Table Il). Dimension references marked » are most commonly used 3 ERGONOMICS. 301 ‘This is the discipline that deals with the dimensions of people at ‘work, including activites not directly connected with earning @ living. Such matters as the space required by people using ‘motorcar, flying aeroplanes and operating machinery come under this heading. Many of the dimensions requized for this will be found in Table I. ‘Table VI Dimensions fr Beth pope aged 651 80 Men Wen Percents Pacts Se So 958 Sh sm oS Standing Soe {575 1685 1990 1475 157 1690 2 bea {aio Isis teas 13s tas is 3 Shi ig "aaa Sto 1480 19am ts 4 how tet sms ms "Mb B10 eS 5 Hi ce Dh & wo ms as Teo Ree ope 1St0 1665 2000 8 AR 80 Sing gh shove sen eve fis 5 990 20 sis aes 1 Bye hop aove sea evel jos bao ts 6s Ho. 5 Shor hg soe set ist 20 0. ASS SIS 30 10 Leng teetsibon to gerip 25.340 90) 2D 80 ‘Thigh clearance 3 0 75 IS 45 190 Tepotiner hig above or $8515 TSS SOD Sad 12 Popa ap Ms Gs 40S des 15 Pamof siento fom o€hncs 210. a 380 SS 17 Rewofosnmiave fomettoee $30 SD SBD Sess 19 Set wt 30s 380 Sos Sin Sm 0 Siting and standing 20 fore gp rach 200 285 mS 0 685 135 21 Feri spn VGaS TBS 18601800 1S 188 2 Shei om Moos ass 3 ‘a So 302. Worktop heights ‘The most common ailment after the common cold is probably the “bad back’. Many believe that this can be caused by Working on 2 surface that is too low, causing stooping. Both when standing and siting to work, it is important that the worktop should be as follows: ‘© For manipulative tasks involving moderate degrees of both force and precision: between SO and 100mm below elbow height of the person concerned (© For delicate tasks: between 50 and 100mm above elbow eight (© For heavy tasks, particularly those involving downward pres- sure on the workpiece: between 100 and 300mm below elbow eight. 3.02 Standing worktops ‘Worktops at which people stand are found in factories and in the hhome kitchen. Since women are generally shorter in stature than men, the heights of these respective surfaces have tended 10 reinforce the wraditional roles of the sexes: factory worktops at 1050 mm being seen as too high for many women and kitchen ‘worktops st 900mm (or lower) being too low for men. It is possible in faciories 10 provide small moveable platforms to assist ‘women workers, but this type of solution isnot available where the ‘worktop is too low forthe user. In 25 the percentage comfortable at each worktop height is plotted assuming thatthe users are wearing shoes and comfort is achieved with rops between SOmm above elbow height and 100mm lower. It can be Seen that the standard kitchen worktop height of 900mm actually seems to suit p0-one. 850 mm would be a good height where only elderly women are likely t0 use it. The surprising thin is that 900 mm is uncomfortable for 84 per cent of all women! 1000 mm is ideal for most women, but only for 40 per cent of men. The traditional men’s height of 1050mm appears to satisfy both 76 per cent of men and 84 per cent of women, 3.03 Sink heights ‘One of the most common domestic chores is washing up. It is ‘customary for sinks to be set into worktops, or ited wit their rims level with them. Since the effective working surface in this case is the base ofthe sink, usually about 100mm lower than the rim, this ase design dats 28 percentage reasonably comfortable oB 8 8 7000 worktop heights 7100 2S Graphs of percentages comfortable at each worktop height These assume that the worktop is between SOmm above and 100mm below elbow height, and that shoes are worn ‘unther worsens the situation. It is recommended that sink surrounds shouldbe ited at least 75 mm above normal worktop height, 3.04 Serveries ‘A particular type of standing worktop is a counter, 2.6 This can be in a shop, restaurant or public house, or be a reception counter in an office ora hotel. There is often no good reason why the same height is needed on each side, and itis common forthe non-public side tobe higher than the other. Details of such ean be found in the appropriate specialist chapters. 3.04 Sitting worktops ‘Traditionally, writing desks are standard in height at 710mm, 2.7. Desks for typewriters and word processors (where the working 26 Serving counter 00 Ff Jone gee fot 470 & a | 22 5 gq af iy) i iat IT woo 27 Sitting worktop 246 ‘Base design data viewing distance tefer io 2.80 620 ‘Setane from seroen 430mm 1 ne rimmed eae a veual angle oe ‘and 22 minutes 500 mm character height (mm) saec--- 200 00600600, Viewing distance (rm) "70001200 bb Viewing distance surface is the top of the Keyboard) are available 30mm lower Chairs for sitting workers are now by legislation required to provide for vertical adjustment so that each individual can find the ‘ight relationship with the worktop. However, it i important that, the feet remain in contact with the ground, and where this is not possible, footrest should be provided. 3.05 Computer work stations Many office workers now work with visual display units (VDUs), and these introduce further requirements for comfortable and healthy working. People often find working a sereen tring tothe eyes. 28 gives the recommended dimensions for minimising fatigue; some people may need special spectacles. Most VDUs are placed at or above eye level so that normal bifocals do not help. Opticians are now used to supplying ‘imermediate’ spectacles with ‘the normal bifocal facility for viewing the keyboard and material ‘on the desk, with the upper part allowing focus on the near distance. This permits the VDU to be placed between 900 10 1000 mm distant from the user. ‘accassibitty 50% ‘accessiilty 53% || inaccessible FEB vot eanyacrsstie ZZ eccessivie easily accessible 29 Accessibilty of storage: Zones of accessibility 1300 700: bb Frequently needed articles. 1900: LL) | seo «Less frequently needed articles higher 4 Less frequently needed articles lower 3.06 Storage ‘Two of the commonest operations at work and in the home is the stowage and retrieval of items into and from storage. 2.9 shows the recommended heights for vatious storage areas for general use; 2.10 gives particular requirements where elderiy people are ‘concerned 307 Maintenance Buildings and the services and plant therein need constant ‘maintenance. Something frequently forgotten isthe need for easy aceess to certain areas. It is reasonable to assume that people employed on maintenance work will be sufficiently agile and not greatly above average size. The dimensions shown in 2.1 to 218 are therefore less than would be required for use by the general public asic design deta 2.7 4790 al 4 = re i to ai sen]? ale: 3 7 aa] i? : mx! 25 § nae : it i Jit 2410 Accessibilty of storage used hy elderly people: ‘8 Maximum reach over worktop. bb Maximum reach to unobstructed wall-mounted cupboard so ea [— 1850 on 1350 820 600 L— 300 L 21 Body clearance: maintenance reach levels i 200 ea} | tas: 3 1480 | Lo 213 Body clearances 650 a (209 square in 600 NgR ATO ree preferable) shia) rs 7 2180 opt 3 e cs min 450 dia soos Jamo] Pt ange ‘or square oe ‘eas 242 Service accesses 214 Service access: catwalk 2.18 Service access; stairs 28 ‘sc design date ee ‘max diam 40 mm, 215 opt 850 (e180) , or Tone 216 Service access: ramps / recommended for angles 50° to 75° handrails are required on both sides if sors are not left open orf there are no side walls ‘widths: 500 mm to 600 mm with handrails 6600 mm min between side walls Gienm) ‘380 ‘900 910 920 950 160" 1050" recommended riser 180 mm to 250 mm twead 75 mm 10160 un 45 mm clam max for handrall 2.7 Service access: step ladders 4 DISABLED PEOPLE 401 [At any one time about 8 per cent of people in Britain are in one way of another disabled. The principal disabilities of eoncem to the architect are those that mean the person has to use a wheelchair for most oF all ofthe time. That person is handicapped by this in two significant ways: first, the eyes and arms are permanently at sitting rather than standing level, and second, the wheelchair itself takes up to five times the space needed by an ambulant person. ‘While people in wheelchairs constitute only about one quarter of ‘one per cent ofthe population, society ha rightly decided thatthe

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