Ihm 101

CHAPTER 1

 Why does Tourism have many definitions?

-it is multi-dimensional
-Modern Tourism as a discipline has only recently attracted the attention of
scholars from many field
-most definitions of tourism varies depending on the interpretation of:
a.) distance travelled
b.) length of time spent and
c.) purpose of trip

 UNWTO Definition
-The International Conference on Travel and Tourism Statistics convened by
the United Nations World Tourism Organization(UNWTO) in Ottawa,
Canada, in 1991 reviewed, updated, and expanded on the work of earlier
international groups.
-Recommendation was adopted on March 4, 1993

“TOURISM comprises of activities of a person travelling to and staying in

places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive
year for leisure, business, and other purposes.”

 INITIAL CONCEPT OF TOURISM

-people who are visiting a particular place for sightseeing
-visiting friends and relatives
-taking a vacation
-having a good time
-the people involved in tourism use different forms of transportation
-they utilize Land, Water, and Air transportation
-the people involved in tourism require a place to stay in the destination

BUT, if we consider the subject further:

Tourism also includes people participating in a convention, business
conference, or some kind of business or a professional activity. It can also
include study tours and research activities.
  FOUR PERSPECTIVES OF TOURISM
1. TOURIST
-psychic and physical
-experience and satisfaction

2. BUSINESS PROVIDING GOODS AND SERVICES

-opportunity to make profit

3. GOVERNMENT OF THE HOST COMMUNITY

-wealth factor in the economy of their jurisdiction

4. HOST COMMUNITY
-cultural and employment factor

 TYPES OF TOURISM
1. DOMESTIC TOURISM
-involving residents of the given country travelling only within the country.

2. INBOUND TOURISM
-involvng non-resident travelling to a given country (non-resident papasok sa
isang country)

3. OUTBOUND TOURISM
-involving residents travelling in another country (palabas ng country)

4. INTERNAL TOURISM
-which comprises domestic tourism and inbound tourism

5. NATIONAL TOURISM
-which comprises domestic tourism and outbound tourism

6. INTERNATIONAL TOURISM
-which consists of inbound and outbound tourism
  TRAVELERS TERMINOLOGY FOR INTERNATIONAL TOURISM
Traveler - any person on a trip between two or more countries or between
two or more localities within his/her country of usual residence.

Visitor - All types of travelers engaged in tourism

Two categories of Visitors:

1. Same-day Visitors - Visitors who do not spend the night in a collective or
private accommodation in the country visited.

2. Tourist - Visitors who say in the country visited for at least one night.

 DIFFERENT DEFINITIONS OF TOURISM

US Definition
"A Tourist is one who travels away from home for a distance of at
least 50 miles (one way) for business, pleasure, personal affairs, or any
other purpose except to commute to work, whether he stays overnight
or returns the same day." (National Tourism Resources Review
commission, 1973)

Canada's Definition
In Canada's International travel survey, the primary groups of
travelers identified are:
-Nonresident travelers
-Resident travelers
-Other travellers

U.K Definition
Introduce the United Kingdom Tourism Survey (UKTS). It
measures all trips away from home lasting one night or more. It include:
-Trips taken by residents for holiday
-Visits to friends and relatives (nonresident)
-Trips taken for business, conference, and most other purposes.

Australia's Definition
"A tourist is defined as a person visiting a location at least 40
kilometers from his usual place of residence, for a period of at leat 24
hours and note exceeding 12 month." (Australian Bureau of Industry
Economics, 1979).
THE TOURISM PHENOMENON: COMPONENTS OF TOURISM &
TOURISM MANAGEMENT

 BENEFITS OF TOURISM
-Provides employment opportunities, both skilled and unskilled,
because it is a labor-intensive industry.
-Generates a supply of needed foreign exchange Increase income
-Create increased gross national product
-Can be built on existing infrastructures
-Can be developed with local products and resources
-Helps to diversify the economy
-Tends to be one of the most compatible economic development
activities available to an area
-Spreads development
-Has a high multiplier impact
-Increase government revenue
-Broadens educational and cultural horizon and improves the feeling of
self-worth.
-Improves the quality of life related to a higher level of income and
improved standards of living.
-Reinforces preservation of heritage and tradition
-Provides employment for artists, musicians, and other performing
artists because of the visitors interest in local culture.
-Breaks down language barriers, sociocultural barriers, class barriers,
racial barrier, political barrier, and religious barrier.
-Promotes international understanding and peace

 COST OF TOURISM
-Develops excess demand for resources
-Creates the difficulty of seasonality
-Causes inflation
-Can result in unbalanced economic development
-Creates social problems
-Degrades the natural physical environment and creates pollution
-Degrades the cultural environment
-Increase the incidence of crime, prostitution, and gambling
-Threatens family structure
-Contributes to disease, economic fluctuation, and transportation
problems