Robert Kennedy College

University of Cumbria

CRKC7045 Final Assignment (Apr-May 2021)

Tackling Global-Local Challenges in Ethics, Responsibility and Sustainability

FORUM/Class # 4732

Start and End Date: (19 Mar 2021 - 28 May 2021)

Supervisor

Prof. Sarah Williams

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 Table of Content

Subject Page

Cover page 1

Table of content 2
Abstract 3
Introduction 4
Literature Review

a. Information Governance
b. Information Security

The role and responsibility of leadership in IM of Procter & Gamble

Critical Analysis:.....
Evaluation of Possible Improvements:..
Importance of Security in Information Management...
Conclusion
Reference

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 ABSTRACT
The importance of information management is increasing not only on local level but also

globally. Creating data and information is essential for optimising your business. But who is

responsible for creating, developing, analysing and understanding of the processes involved

with information technology? Is the business leader accountable for not creating strong

information governance or should the government be responsible setting out legislation. In this

assessment we to develop a conceptual and comprehensive understanding of the manager's

role in relation to the leading of the effective management and use of information, information

technology and information systems and to apply these within both organizational and strategic

contexts as well as how the deal with today's strong influences of information management to

stay ahead of the competition..

INTRODUCTION

Information Governance (IG) within the global economy seems to be one of the most important

subjects for running an organisation. Senior leaders of an organisation need more skills than

before to understand the complexity of information management, not only to understand soft

and hardware but also social media which is becoming an import subject in today's business

and social life's, Understanding information governance is one of the elements which should be

high on the agenda by any kind of organisation dealing with clients.

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Today business leaders should be aware of the changes which occur daily information.

management. Are the changes important for an organisation and are employees willing to

change, confirming new rules and regulations. Decision making, creating storage, archiving and

delete information to ensure internal process, roles and policies are just a few vital standards of

effectiveness and efficiency within the organisations. Critical analysis will be highlighted to

discuss ethical decisions made by senior leaders, whereby the new law of client protection of

information sharing is secured to create a save environment for clients and companies.

Literature Review
a. Information Governance:

Information governance can be considered as a very important approach that is used

for information management by introducing responsibilities, procedures, metrics and
controls which consider data as a valuable resource for the business. The main aim
of information governance is ensuring that information resources are available for
every person who requires it. In the aspect of information management, information
governance also aims to simplify management and ensure maintaining compliance
(Brown and Toze 2017). Information governance is very much important for the
businesses as it helps them to reduce legal risk which is associated with inconsistent
information handling. In this way, information. governance helps organisations to
become more flexible in the present growing marketplace.

In case of information management, information governance plays an vital role as it

helps to provide necessary data to the employees by developing trust and easy
access during the business decision making process. Also, regarding information
management, information governance helps in the aspect of litigation and
compliance audit which can be crucial for different organisations.

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 b. Information Security:

Information security can be considered as a collection of techniques which are used. for

controlling appropriate tools, processes and policies so that combat threats regarding non

digital and digital information can be identified, avoided and recorded. Information

security is important to develop appropriate business processes so that important data

resources can be protected. These data resources are protected irrespective of their type

and how they are encoded. Both types of data which are in transit and stationary are

protected by ensuring appropriate information security procedure (Moody, Siponen and

Pahnila 2018). Most of the organisations develop dedicated security teams for

information security. This security group is responsible for performing different tasks for

information security which includes risk management. Through risk management

vulnerabilities for the existing system are identified. and protective measures against

them is determined.

The role and responsibility of leadership in IM of Procter & Gamble

P&G case study

Proctor & Gamble is one of the world's largest and most influential companies the maker of
numerous billion-dollar brands that have helped shape the way millions of people live today.

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Brands like Tide, Crest, Ivory, and Pampers have become household names in modern
consumer culture- and legends in the annals of brand-building history.

The P&G case study is not about detergent or any product. It is, however, an example of how
business grows, a hardworking, dedicated, and informed team combined their skills and insight
with new technology to outsmart their competitors and drive what was thought to be a saturated
market to newer heights.

A few key players transformed P&G's business strategy through a calculated gamble on
technology still in its infant stage, especially if we compare it to what technological capabilities
are available today.

Value chain activities based on analytics were new, risking such a global player's market share
and footprint took serious confidence. Given that most of the infrastructure was not even in
place and had to be considered as this process was slowly developing is a clear indication of
great leadership's insight and strategic abilities.

Instead of focusing their initial attention on the primary activities of the business, P&G looked at
obtaining valuable information at the other end of the process - the retailers and consumer
habits. By getting a clearer picture of what was happening at that end, they could derive much-
needed information to develop and streamline all the other areas of the business to not only
meet but increase the production and financial rewards for the company.

Data obtained from analytics also paved a platform from which the supporting activities could be
changed and adapted to make it more efficient. This in itself saved the company millions of
dollars annually. Their vision also required a new approach to R&D. Through the use of the IM
system, leaders across all functions could view, interact and contribute. A lot of the guesswork
was taken out of the planning and forecasting, and the team could focus on strategies according
to the data. This saved an immense amount of time as they no longer had to deal with debating
which data was accurate and which was not. They could simply respond with strategies and

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respond to the market through the planning of these strategies. The Who, What, and Why
questions became opportunities instead of headaches, and the focus was directed to where it
belonged - steering the business to new heights.

What is also fascinating about this case is that it had a very positive impact on the HR side of
the business. Not only were managers forced to learn and understand the IM systems, it
provided new opportunities for the people directly involved with the collection and dissemination
of the data. Managers, as a result, were more informed and could make better decisions
through their own understanding. It also presented more precise information for strategic
decisions as they no longer relied on the data collected and "translate" through the people who
processed the statistical information. The decision-making process at the top became faster,
more efficient, and others could view it in key positions that could thus act with greater
understanding and speed themselves.

This belief and ultimate reliance on an integrated IM system they developed helped P&G
implement and execute its strategy. Implementing a dedicated IM system that reduced the need
for human input reduced the guesswork and largely removed errors. P&G could focus on its
business and develop strategies to increase its market share.

With real-time data accessible to key members of their teams globally, P&G could now forecast
consumer demands and provide better supply and value chain logistics to their suppliers and
retailers. It could also create a more efficient production cycle and probably equally valuable
track and respond to threats from competitors.

Critical Analysis

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Unilever is one of the organizations which employs information systems and information

technology in its operations. It is a Dutch-British entity, and it has acquired a high level of

consumer base due to the sale of products brand such as personal care products, cleaning

agent, ice creams and other food products among other items. The company employs the

modern technology by using management information systems handle managerial roles among

other purposes. The firm uses information system at various levels among them the operational

level which involves the making of dairy decisions. The strategic level requires long-term plans

while the tactical and control level investment decision support systems to increase its

effectiveness. The knowledge level calls for the decision involving carrying out research and

improvement of

the knowledge level in the entity (King, 2010).

In the strategic level, the management uses research and development programs to attain

historical data as well as individual analysis. By the utilization of a complex mathematical model,

the management can forecast its future sales in various markets and at the same time monitor

the share prices, the market share, the revenues as well as costs (Catteddu, 2010). The

management of the firm also employs a business intelligence solution as well as an enterprise

data warehouse which have the purpose of evaluating the performance of different units of the

company across the globe. The management of Unilever is planning of reshaping the

operational responsibilities so as to differentiate between the function of the global organization,

the regional level groups as well as local companies and to actualize this; the management is to

use a Unilever Information Program termed as One lever. The program will help the firm

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stakeholders communicate through a social media platform and exchange ideas on the quality

of product and services of the business and possible improvements that the management ought

to make (Hasan, 2015).

At the management level, Unilever uses Information systems o manage purchases. A supply

management information system is employed and used in analysing the best places to get

supplies for the firm and also negotiate with the creditors in an efficient and transparent manner,

and this reduces costs for the business and assists in proper management. By integrating the

supply management information system, the firm managers use it to analyze data very fast and

then using the result to make appropriate sourcing decisions for the global, regional and local

entities.

United States Agency for International Development (USAID)

The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is among those organizations

that largely depend on information systems and information technology. The organization has

established information technology (IT) resources that enhance work performance. Among the

IT resources that are linked to USAID include internet access from USAID computers, software

installed on a USAID computer, government furnished equipment (GFE), and electronic and

email messages (Abbasi, Sarker, and Chiang, 2016). The USAID management ensures

information about the organization is stored in computers, and the information is a property for

the agency and not for personal benefits. Besides, the organization has introduced policies for

the staff members in access. stored information. Other than the agency workforce, there is no

other. individual supposed to use GFE (Smallwood, 2019). Cloud Computing Services

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Technological advancement is of a huge benefit to an organization (Gunasekaran et al., 2016).

It

allows an organization to manage the internal processes and establish the organizational

structure. USAID has adopted several information systems and technologies to manage tasks

and operations along with the information sets.

Cloud computing is a method of computing that incorporates the use of networks in execution of

business processes and storage, management, and retrieval of infortAnemploys the

use of cloud computing services in terms of cloud database, digital marketing, and cloud-based

finance systems along with resource tracking and communication. In order to reach more

shareholders, the organization employs the use of Maropost as a marketing tool Within the

organization, there are many files and data sets that are transmitted and shared with other

resources using cloud. USAID has established cloud platform as a service.

Conclusion

Management Information System (MIS) is a planned system of collecting, storing, and

disseminating data in the form of information needed to carry out the functions of management.
A Management Information System is an information system that evaluates, analyzes, and
processes an organization's data to produce meaningful and useful information based on which
the management can take right decisions to ensure future growth of the organization. A
Management Information System is an integrated user-machine system, for providing
information, to support the operations, management, analysis & decision-making functions in an
organization. The System utilizes computer hardware & software, manual procedures, models
for analysis, planning, control & decision making and a database. MIS provides information to

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the users in the form of reports and output from simulations by mathematical models. The report
and model output can be provided in a tabular or graphic form.

Reference

Alter, S., 2021. How Effective Managers Use Information Systems. [online] Harvard Business Review.

Available at: <https://hbr.org/1976/11/how-effective-managers-use-information-systems> [Accessed

11 August 2021].

Hagmann, J., 2013. Information governance – beyond the buzz. Records Management

Journal, [online] 23(3), pp.228-240. Available at:

<https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263251877_Information_governance_-

_beyond_the_buzz> [Accessed 11 August 2021].

Siponen, M. and Oinas-Kukkonen, H., 2007. A review of information security issues and respective

research contributions. ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems,

[online] 38(1), pp.60-80. Available at:

<https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220627549_A_Review_of_Information_Security_Issues_a

nd_Respective_Research_Contributions> [Accessed 11 August 2021].

Schuiling, I., 2001. Successful Market-Driven Organisations. The Procter and Gamble

Case. Symphonya. Emerging Issues in Management, [online] (2). Available at:

<https://www.slideshare.net/SarthakRahate/case-study-procter-and-gamble-pg-marketing-

capabilities> [Accessed 11 August 2021].

Maljers, F., 2021. Inside Unilever: The Evolving Transnational Company. [online] Harvard Business

Review. Available at: <https://hbr.org/1992/09/inside-unilever-the-evolving-transnational-company>

[Accessed 11 August 2021].

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