ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and title 10: Website Design & Development

Submission date 22/06/2020 Date Received 1st submission 22/06/2020

Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission

Student Name Trinh Le Tuong Duy Student ID GCC18119

Class GCC0701 Assessor name Nguyen Hung Dung

Student declaration

I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand
that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.

Student’s signature Tuong Duy

Grading grid

P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 M3 D1

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(Bussiness)

❒ Summative Feedback: ❒ Resubmission Feedback:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

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Signature & Date:

ASSIGNMENT 1 BRIEF
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number 10: Website Design & Development

Assignment title Web Services Presentation and Guidebook

Academic Year 2018 – 2019

Unit Tutor

Issue date Submission date

IV name and date

Submission Format:

Format: Two ten-minute Microsoft® PowerPoint® style presentations to be presented to your colleagues
Submission Students are compulsory to submit the assignment in due date and in a way requested by the Tutors. The
form of submission will be a soft copy posted on http://cms.greenwich.edu.vn/
Note: The Assignment must be your own work, and not copied by or from another student or from
books etc. If you use ideas, quotes or data (such as diagrams) from books, journals or other sources, you must

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reference your sources, using the Harvard style. Make sure that you know how to reference properly, and that
understand the guidelines on plagiarism. If you do not, you definitely get failed

Unit Learning Outcomes:

LO1 Explain server technologies and management services associated with hosting and managing websites.

LO2 Categorise website technologies, tools and software used to develop websites.

Assignment Brief and Guidance:

You work as a full-stack web team leader for a leading creative web solutions and marketing company. Your team is
about to have a big contract to develop an online shopping mall.

One of the preparation tasks is to choose appropriate tools and techniques to realise a custom built website.

As part of your role, you have been asked to create an engaging presentation to help train junior staff members on
basic web technologies including hosting and website management as well as server technologies. Your presentation
should not only explain basic knowledge in the domain but also points out the impact of these technologies to
website design, functionality, management or performance.

You also need to present more technical presentation to senior staff members to discuss about front-end, back-end
technologies as well as other tools, techniques and softwares used to develop website from simple (online website
creation tools) to complicated (custom built). Your presentation will be used as guidance of choosing suitable tools
and techniques for the next project.

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 Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria

Pass Merit Distinction

LO1 Explain server technologies and management services associated with LO1 & 2
hosting and managing websites D1 Justify the tools and techniques chosen to
realise a custom built website.
P1 Identify the purpose and types M1 Evaluate the impact of common web
of DNS, including explanations on development technologies and
how domain names are organised frameworks with regards to website
and managed. design, functionality and management.

P2 Explain the purpose and M2 Review the influence of search

relationships between
communication protocols, server
hardware, operating systems and
web server software with regards
to designing, publishing and
accessing a website.
engines on website performance and
provide evidence-based support for
improving a site’s index value and rank
through search engine optimisation.

LO2 Categorise website technologies, tools and software used to develop

websites

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 P3 Discuss the capabilities and M3 Evaluate a range of tools and
relationships between front-end techniques available to design and
and back-end website develop a custom built website.
technologies and explain how
these relate to presentation and
application layers.

P4 Discuss the differences

between online website creation
tools and custom built sites with
regards to design flexibility,
performance, functionality, User
Experience (UX) and User
Interface (UI).

Contents
P1 Identify the purpose and types of DNS, including explanations on how domain names are organised and managed: ................................ 7
P2 Explain the purpose and relationships between communication protocols, server hardware, operating systems and web server software
with regards to designing, publishing and accessing a website. .....................................................................................................................14
P3 Discuss the capabilities and relationships between front-end and back-end website technologies and explain how these relate to
presentation and application layers. .............................................................................................................................................................18
P4 Discuss the differences between online website creation tools and custom built sites with regards to design flexibility, performance,
functionality, User Experience (UX) and User Interface (UI). ..........................................................................................................................23
References ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................25

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P1 Identify the purpose and types of DNS, including explanations on how domain names are organised and managed:
The Difference Between the Internet and Web:

The internet is a network of huge networks, networking infrastructure. This links millions of computers worldwide , providing a network
where any machine can communicate with any other machine as long as all are linked to the internet. Information flowing across the
internet does so through a number of languages called protocols.

The World Wide Web, or simply the Web, is a way to access information over the internet medium. It is a model of information-sharing, built
on top of the internet. The web uses the HTTP protocol* to exchange data, which is only one of the languages spoken over the internet.
Web services, which use HTTP to allow applications to communicate and share business logic, use the web for information sharing. The web
also uses browsers such as Internet Explorer or Firefox to access web documents called web pages which are linked by hyperlinks to each
other. Online documentation also includes images , sounds, text, and video.

*HTTP protocol : HTTP is a protocol that facilitates resource retrieval, such as HTML documents. It is the basis of any web-based data
exchange, and it is a client-server protocol, meaning requests are initiated by the user, typically the web browser. A complete document is
reconstructed from the various fetched sub-documents , for example text, layout description, images , videos, scripts, etc.

The client is a standard computer for internet users ( i.n. your phone is connected to Wi-Fi or your laptop is connected to bluetooth) and
software for online access is available on such devices.

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A server is a physical computer dedicated to run services that will serve other computers' needs. It can be a file server, database server,
home media server, print server, or web server, depending on which service is operating.

Domain names:

Domain name is a your website name. A domain name is the address from which web users can access your website. A domain name is used
to find computers on the Internet and to identify them. Computers use IP addresses, which are a number-series. However, remembering
numeral strings is difficult for humans. Because of this, domain names were created and used instead of using IP addresses to label entities
on the Internet.

Any combination of letters and numbers can be a domain name and can be used in conjunction with the various domain name extensions
such as.com,.net and more.

Until you can use it the domain name must be licensed. Every single domain name is special. No two websites are allowed to have the same
domain name. When someone types in www.yourdomain.com, it is going to go to your website and nowhere else.

The structure of a Domain name:

 Explain the concept of DNS:

Domain Name Server (DNS) is a standard protocol that helps Internet users locate websites using readable addresses for human use. Like a
phonebook that lets you look up a person's name and find out their number, DNS lets you type a website's address and automatically detect
the Internet Protocol ( IP ) address for that website.
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Without DNS, the Internet would crash-people and machines would be unable to reach Internet servers through the nice URLs they have come
to know. A domain name is a combination of words separated by dots (.). For example, the full name in the description: www.king.slayer.com.

The DNS database is a reverse tree structure, each node on the tree is the root of a subtree. Each subtree is a sub-partition in the entire DNS
database called a domain. Each domain can be divided into subdomains (Sub-Domain).

For example, you are now viewing the domain name www.ns1.com, which translates to the IP address 104.20.48.182 (in the old IPv4 format)
or 2002:6814:30b6:0:0:0:0:0 (in the new IPv6 format).

 Purpose and type of DNS:

- Purpose of DNS:
In terms of purpose, DNS can be understood as a "translator" and "convey information". DNS will do the job of translating the domain
name into an IP address of 4 different number groups. For example, www.tenmien.com becomes 421.64.874.899 or vice versa translates
an IP address into a domain name.
When "translated" like that, the browser will understand and log in. And when a user logs into a website, instead of having to remember
and enter a range of IP addresses of the hosting, simply enter the website name as the browser automatically identifies.

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 Every computer on the Internet has a unique IP address. This IP address is used to establish a connection between the server and the
client to initiate a connection. Whenever you visit an arbitrary website or send an email, DNS plays a very important role in this case.

In so many websites around the world, no one will be able to remember every single IP address sequence every time. Therefore, the
concept of domain name is given, from which each site will be identified with a unique name.

However, the IP address is still used as a platform connected by network devices. That's where DNS works to resolve domain names into
IP addresses for network devices to communicate with each other. At the same time, you can also download a website by entering the IP
address directly instead of entering the domain name of that website.
- Type of DNS:

DNS Resolver

A DNS resolver is designed to receive DNS queries, which include a human-readable hostname such as "www.example.com," and is
responsible for tracking that hostname's IP address.

DNS Root Server

The root server is the first step in the journey from hostname to IP address. The DNS Root Server extracts the Top Level Domain (TLD) from
the user’s query — for example, www.example.com —... provides details for the .com TLD Name Server. In turn, that server will provide
details for domains with the .com DNS zone, including “example.com”.

There are 13 root servers worldwide, indicated by the letters A through M, operated by organizations like the Internet Systems Consortium,
Verisign, ICANN, the University of Maryland, and the U.S. Army Research Lab.

Authoritative DNS Server

In the DNS hierarchy, higher level servers define which DNS server is the "authoritative" name server for a specific hostname, meaning that
it holds the updated information for that hostname.

The Authoritative Name Server is the last stop in the question for the name server — it takes the hostname and returns the appropriate IP
address to the DNS Resolver (or returns the NXDOMAIN message if it can not locate the domain).

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Primary name server:

Primary Name Server is a name server that maintains a resource record database with its own local Domain Name System (DNS). A primary
name server has a master copy of the resource records for every zone it has authority over.

These records are stored locally in the form of a text file called the zone file on the name server. All changes to the resource records for a
zone must be made on the server with the primary name.

Secondary name servers obtain their resource records from master name servers, which can either be primary name servers or servers of
secondary names. The usual configuration when name servers are used for name resolution within a TCP / IP internetwork is one primary
and one secondary name server, with the primary configured as the secondary master name server (which is sometimes referred to as the
slave name server). When using Microsoft Windows NT for the DNS servers, DNS Manager, a Windows NT administrative tool, is the tool for
configuring name servers. In Windows 2000 the DNS console is the similar tool.

Secondary name server:

Secondary Name Server is a name server that collects resource records from a master name server from its Domain Name System (DNS)
database. The server with the master name may either be a main name server or another secondary name server.

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 Servers with primary names get their resource records from local files called zone files. Secondary name servers do not retain local zone files
– they access their resource files over the network from master name servers through a zone transfer, which happens when a secondary
name server surveys a master name server and decides whether there are changes to the DNS database that need to be downloaded. This
means that only a single set of DNS resource records (on the primary name server) must be maintained by the DNS administrator which
simplifies DNS administration.

Secondary name servers are used for naming resolution in the DNS to provide redundancy and load balancing. Secondary name servers are
sometimes referred to as slave nameservers on DNS BIND implementations.

 How domain names are organized:

DNS resolving mechanism has two main functions: name resolution to IP address and reverse resolution from IP to name.

Name resolution to IP address

The root server is the server that manages the Top-Level Domain servers. When there is a query about a domain name, the root server will
provide the name and IP address of that Top-Level Domain management server (in fact, most of the root servers are also the Top management
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server. -Level Domain) and, in turn, Top-Level Domain servers provide a list of servers that have authority on the Second-Level Domains that this
domain belongs to. So on until the domain name server to query. The above process shows the very important role of the root server in the
domain name resolution process. If all the original servers on the Internet cannot contact each other, then all name resolution requests will not
be made.

For example :

Users need to visit the website http://www.garena.vn then the person

The user will request to resolve the IP address of the server that contains the website www. garena.vn this.

- First, the application will search the cache, if the cache is not available then It will send local DNS query requests (if there is a machine on
the local network DNS host).

- After that, the local DNS will also look in its cache, if so, it will send the address only the IP needs to query the user, if not, then the local
DNS will send this query request to a root server closest to it that it knows OK.

- Then, this root server will respond to the IP address of the .vn domain management server for Local DNS. Local DNS asks .vn domain
management server is: domain www. garena.vn what is an IP address?

- Finally Local DNS queries the domain management server www. garena.vn and get the answer.

Each service provider runs and manages their own DNS server, including machines on the Internet inside each provider's private part of that
service. That is, if a browser looks up a website's address, the DNS server that resolves this website's name must be the organization's DNS
server that manages the website, not the organization's (service provider's)other.

INTERNIC (Internet Network Information Center) is responsible for monitoring domain names and corresponding DNS servers. INTERNIC is an
organization formed by NFS (National Science Foundation), AT&T and Network Solution, responsible for registering Internet domain names.
INTERNIC is only responsible for managing all DNS servers on the Internet, not the name resolution for each address.

DNS is capable of querying other DNS servers to get a resolved name. The DNS server for each domain name usually has two different things.
First, it is responsible for resolving names from machines within the domain for Internet addresses, both inside and outside the domain it
manages. Second, they answer external DNS servers trying to resolve names within the domain it manages.

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DNS server has the ability to remember recently resolved names. For future resolution requests. The number of saved name resolution depends
on the size of each DNS.

P2 Explain the purpose and relationships between communication protocols, server hardware, operating systems and web server
software with regards to designing, publishing and accessing a website.
Communication protocols are systematic definitions of the formats and guidelines for digital communications. They are required to exchange
messages in or between computing systems, and in telecommunications are needed.

Communication protocols include authentication, error detection and correction, and signaling. We may also define the analog and digital
communications syntax, semance, and synchronization. Hardware and software implement the communications protocols. There are thousands
of communication protocols which are used in analog and digital communications everywhere. Without such, computer networks can not exist.

Communications devices need to agree on many physical aspects of the data to be exchanged before it can be successfully transmitted.
Transmission defining rules are called protocols.

A transmission has many properties which a protocol can define. Popular ones include: packet size, transmission speed, forms of error
correction, handshaking and synchronization techniques, address mapping, recognition mechanism, flow management, packet sequence
management, routing, address mapping.

Many protocols are used to communicate or communicate information on the Internet, some of the typical protocols are here:

• TCP ( Transmission Control Protocol): link the data transfer devices to one another. It splits the data into packets and guarantees efficient
transfer of data.

• IP ( Internet Protocol): routes data packets as sent over the Internet, ensuring that data reaches the appropriate destination.

• HTTP ( HyperText Transfer Protocol): enables information to be shared (mainly in hypertext format) over the Internet.

• FTP ( File Transfer Protocol): allows transmission of files over the Internet.

• SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): requires e-mail (e-mail) to be transmitted over the Internet.

• POP3 (Post Office Protocol, version 3): permits email messages to be received over the Internet.

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• MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension): an extension of the SMTP protocol, enabling binary files, movies , music, ... Via email.

• WAP (Wireless Application Protocol): permits the exchange of information between wireless devices , for example mobile phones.

If a communication protocol is lacking for the system , information can not be transmitted, creating a website or something that only makes
sense is that the user is also the user.

Server hardware :

Servers consist of several distinct components and subcomponents. At the hardware level, servers typically consist of a rack mount chassis which
includes a power supply, a system board, one or more CPUs, memory , storage, a network interface and a power supply.

Most server hardware supports out-of-band management via a dedicated port to the network. Out-of-band access allows for low-level device
control and monitoring, regardless of the operating system. Out-of-band management systems can be used to power the server on or off
remotely, to install an operating system, and to monitor your health.

There are five type of server hardware:

Tower servers are unique computers with a server's specific purpose – they are housed in a stand-alone upright cabinet, or "tower," similar to a
personal desktop computer's tower. Towers bring unique advantages of their own. Due to the low density of the interior components, they are
easier to cool than the rack or blade servers. The enclosed design makes space to add more hardware or drive if desired. While blade servers and
rack servers feature smooth, modular rack designs, tower servers are far less efficient in space. A collection of tower servers can be considerably
more bulky and space-consuming than their thinner counterparts. Cable management can be complicated and voluminous, and tower fans can
have noisy air cooling.

Blade servers are chassis-based servers similar to rack servers but, among other key advantages, the more stripped-down design allows for even
greater space efficiency than rack servers.These server systems consist of individual "blades" servers, thin dedicated server boards each with
individual processing power, memory capacity and a simple modular design that allows easy configurability.Blade servers deliver greater
computing capacity and cable control flexibility than rack servers, but those advantages come with a higher price tag. If money is not so much a
concern as efficiency and performance, then blade servers are a very good choice.

Rack Server : Just as the title implies, rack servers are designed to be mounted to efficient management and storage in a modular rack design.
Rack servers are very versatile in their ability to manage different tasks and workloads, and in one dedicated location they can maximize utility. A

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major advantage for rack servers is the ease with which components can be removed if necessary. Some businesses may want a more modular
design to be easier to replace – especially if that business carries on a large server operation that may become defunct at different times. Since
the rack server bays are usually densely packed, successful cooling can be a problem. To insure no functionality is lost from overheating, a
dedicated cooling system is required. Rack servers need a fair amount of cabling, which can be an additional challenge – particularly in smaller
spaces.

A mainframe is a computer of large scale with a sophisticated design and a high capacity for work. Mainframes are large machines-about the
size of a refrigerator or a washer and dryer stacked. They feature many components which can be swapped, and are highly configurable.
Mainframes are logically categorically distinct from standard data center servers, since they typically operate on their own special operating
systems and have a much greater potential for performance. Mainframes are generally used by high data volume industries, and a need for
reliable and secure computing. Mainframe computers are much more powerful than any other computer, but their longevity and pure
processing power are unrivaled.Mainframe servers will require consistent maintenance from a dedicated server technician, due to their size and
complexity. Such maintenance costs may dissuade an organization, so it is important to evaluate the scale of your operations to determine
whether a mainframe server will benefit.

Maintenance of the server hardware is a key factor in ensuring an effective and consistent server system. Some server designs, as mentioned in
this article, are more modular than others, and are easier to maintain. Improperly managed server systems can open up a host of concerns to an
organization, ranging from inconvenience and delays in working time to outright breaches in data security. Owing to inadequate cable
maintenance or ineffective cooling systems, server life spans can often be cut short or left vulnerable. An organization should have a plan in
place to handle those assets that are outdated or damaged. If a server can not be saved, e-waste recycling can address issues relating to data
liability and free open space for new assets. With proper server choice and diligent, consistent server management, an organization increases
the efficiency, security , and reliability of their data.

Ultimately, depends on the type of server you select. If your main concern is space, you can go for shelving. When space is not an problem but
cooling is then you should pick the roof. And if cost is not a problem and you want specialized computer hardware to effectively save energy and
function, look for blade servers.

In system construction the lack of server hardware is not possible, the server will not work.

Server software is a type of software designed to be used, operated, and managed on a server of computers. It provides and facilitates using an
array of high-end computing services and functions to harness the underlying server computing power for use.

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Server software is mainly designed to communicate with the hardware infrastructure of a system including the processor, memory , storage,
input / output ( I / O) and other ports of communication. Depending on the server type or use, server software may be classified into different
forms, e.g.:

 Web server software

 Application server software
 Database server software
 Cloud computing server software
 File server software

Server Software is specialized software for installing and running on any computer that can satisfy the memory needs. Without it, users can not
access information about the website from another computer over the internet.

A server operating system, also known as a server operating system, is an operating system specifically designed to run on servers, which are
specialized computers operating within a client/server architecture to serve client computers' requests on the network.

The server operating system, or server operating system, is the layer of software on top of which other software programs or applications can
operate on the hardware server. Server operating systems assist in enabling and facilitating typical server roles like Web server, mail server , file
server, database server , application server, and print server.

A is a website-run machine. It is a computer program which distributes the web pages as required. The web server 's fundamental purpose is to
store, process, and deliver web pages to users. Hypertext Transfer Protocol ( HTTP) is used to do this intercommunication. Mostly these web
pages are static content which includes HTML documents , images, style sheets, testing etc. A web server supports SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer
Protocol) and FTP ( File Transfer Protocol) protocol for emailing and file transfer and storage as well as HTTP.

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Apache is the most commonly used program on web servers. Developed and maintained by Apache Software Foundation, Apache is free open
source software. It is running on 67 per cent of the world's webservers. It is quick, secure and reliable. When using plugins and modules it can be
highly tailored to meet the needs of several different environments. Many WordPress hosting services use Apache as the framework for their
web server. WordPress may, however, also run on other web server software.

Internet Information Services (IIS) is a web server developed by Microsoft, formerly known as Internet Information Server. IIS is used with
Microsoft Windows OSs and is the Microsoft-centric Apache competition, the most common Unix / Linux-based webserver.

IIS was initially released for Windows NT and finally made a Windows-box, along with ASP (Active-Server Pages), a usable alternative for web-
hosting. That being said, it was also noted that it was fully wide-open out of the box, requiring considerable modification to make it safe.

This has changed with later releases and now, by many, IIS is generally considered a stable and usable product. As of 2011, the most up-to - date
version is IIS 7, which includes virtually all the modern features that you would expect to see on a webserver, including tight integration with
ASP.NET. Though, as with any debate on Microsoft vs. Linux, some would argue that Apache is the only way forward.

P3 Discuss the capabilities and relationships between front-end and back-end website technologies and explain how these relate
to presentation and application layers.
Static webiste:

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Technically, a static website in HTML and CSS languages is developed. It consists of a collection of coded files generated to represent the
website's different physical pages. These websites are created quickly and easily. They are cost-effective and ideal for small businesses. A static
website is similar to an online brochure with forms and hyperlinks that allows its potential clients to access numerous pages on the computer.
When developed, the pages on a static website will remain static and can not be changed or modified without the ability to code. That is, if a
novice business owner wants to update certain information on his / her static website, he / she needs a website developer to do the necessary
job.

Advantages of static web:

•Time-Saving: The biggest benefit of a static website is the fast creation of it. A web developer can develop a static website much more quickly
than a dynamic one.

•Cost-Effective: Unlike a dynamic website, it is cheaper to develop static websites. They are perfect for businesses operating on a budget that is
shoestring. Unconscious

•Hosting: Static websites at a cheaper price can get dedicated servers and that too with a lot of ease.

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•Easy indexing: search engines such as Google , Bing etc., can easily index a static website as it is just a series of coded HTML or CSS files.

• Fast Transfer: Static websites do not have complex structures such as a dynamic website, and can be easily and quickly transferred from server
to client without much time to process.

Disadvantages of static web:

• Difficult to Change: A static website's biggest disadvantage is that it can not easily change its content. The content can not be updated by any
novices. It requires a Web developer 's expertise in updating, adding or modifying any content on a static website. Even for a slight change to the
website, all the HTML files would need to be changed individually.

• Not Good For The Long Run: A static website is not long-term suitable as any business would need to make a number of updates to match the
latest trends. To make changes, one will have to update every page file over and over again which can take a lot of resources.

• Limited Functionality: A static website does not provide all the features a dynamic website can have. One can add text, photos , videos, and
hyperlinks to the content, but there are no other special features that a static website can perform other than that.

Dynamic website:

Technically speaking, a dynamic website is developed to build more dynamic web pages using advanced server technologies such as PHP
,JavaScript or ASP. By means of dynamic web pages, we mean pages which are interactive in nature and change dynamically according to time,
geography and type of user. Dynamic websites can be linked to a large database which allows information to be pulled as and when appropriate.
This helps to build a more user-driven page which changes as the user wishes. The content and details present on the page on a dynamic website
varies according to user commands.

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Advantages of dynamic web:

• Easy To Update: A dynamic website has the greatest advantage that it can be easily updated according to the business owner 's needs. No
expert expertise is required to change the dynamic website and any change in the template file will carry the change in design for that particular
file in all the pages.

• Interactive: Dynamic websites interact with users and change their behavior accordingly.

• Quick To Responsiveness: A dynamic website can be updated quickly to be responsive to different screen sizes that was impossible with a
static one.

• Smooth Navigation: A dynamic website offers smoother navigation and makes it easy for the user to jump from one page to the next.

Disadvantages of dynamic web:

• Higher Cost: Dynamic websites in their development can cost big bucks and even the hosting costs are high. Once developed, however, they
would not cost extra money for any updates or changes.

• Slow Processing: The dynamic websites have a number of functions to perform with complex technology and become slower to process and
load.

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Front-end is the part of the website you can directly view and interact with in order to receive the system's backend capabilities. It encompasses
everything the user can see, touch and experience. A web designer 's job has radically changed over the years but the core website creation
functions remain the same. Frontend is all about the website's bells and whistles such as the graphical user interface including flashy buttons,
colorful images, navigation menus, etc. Frontend is also called the "client-side" because the action takes place on the client side, which is the
user in this case.A client typically refers to the computer application that is viewing it, such as the web browser.

In the most part, Frontend is the web browser and all the user sees and interacts with on the website is part of the creation of frontends. The
development of frontends can be attributed to a better user experience in terms of design and ease of use and it is the job of the web designer
to design websites well. A web designer does not handle code. In reality he is responsible for covering all aspects of website construction and
redesign that will incorporate visually pleasing elements as well as user-friendly design. A frontend developer 's function is to build an
environment that can be seen and touched by the user through a combination of several tools, including HTML, CSS , and Java Script.

Back-end, also known as the "server-side," is the section of the website you can not see and communicate with. Basically, anything that happens
behind the scenes is attributable to the development of the backend web. It is all about how the website works; for the frontend production it is
more of an indirect service provider. It is the device component that does not come into direct contact with the users. It runs on the server side,
unlike frontend, but communicates with the frontend to ensure everything works fine. There is also a significant portion of non-user interface
code in each application that deals with all of the complex systems that occur in the background.The people who handle backend are usually
developers and programmers.

Back-end developers handle everything that does not involve creating a user interface like writing APIs, creating libraries, or adding to everything
the web designer is creating. They facilitate communication between the business layer and the presentation layer. They play a crucial role in
web development and their role is highly collaborative in contrast to the web designers at the frontend. In short, backend web development is
the combination of the core functional logic of a software application being developed and maintained. Backend developers write code in simple
terms to ensure everything at the frontend works fine.They prefer to spend more time working out logics and applying algorithms to ensure the
proper functioning of the website than the web designers. It is a Web site 's core.

Clarify the capabilities and relationship front-end and back-end:

Frontend is the part that website users can see and interact with, such as the graphical user interface ( GUI) and the command line including the
design, menu navigation, text, images , videos, etc. Backend, on the opposite, is the part in which website users can not see and communicate. It
is all about how it all works.

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Both play a crucial role in the development of the web and although they have a fair share of differences they are like two sides of the same
coin. Frontend is all about the website's visual aspects which a user can see and experience. On the contrary, all that happens on the background
can be attributed to the development of the web backend. It is more like a frontend Web experience enabler.

Web designer is the most common job title for front-end web development and a web designer's role is to design and rebuild websites with a
view to the visual aspects. Backend developers are the ones who ensure efficient delivery of the data and systems requested by the front end
application or software. Backend developers handle all that happens behind the scenes.

As opposed to the backend which is basically the application's "server-side," Frontend is also referred to as the "client-side." Backend web
development core elements include languages such as Java, Ruby , Python, PHP, .Net, etc. HTML, CSS , and JavaScript are the most prevalent
frontend languages.

P4 Discuss the differences between online website creation tools and custom built sites with regards to design flexibility, performance,
functionality, User Experience (UX) and User Interface (UI).
Online Website Creation Tools The most popular method of starting a website will be to set up a WordPress site and add a template purchased
from ThemeForest, Template Monster or Elegant Themes. Such websites offer a wide variety of different kind of website templates available for
purchase. Not all the themes / models are available out there 100 percent.

Also, there are services like Wix or Squarespace that also have a theme and allow you to edit within the context of the website. This will help you
get a site up relatively fast and conveniently. Nonetheless, there are drawbacks to the approaches available for more complex applications like
modes or e-commerce features.For example about online creation tool like wix.com, WordPress, Squarespace are typical applications.

For example :

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 Powtoon

PowToon 's online animation platform is perfect for storytelling and Flash-style films. You do not have to go through hundreds of tutorials to
learn about creating motion as PowToon is going to do it for you. Nice to founders and marketers of small businesses.

Custom Built Sites:

Custom built websites involve a team behind your business. It begins with an creative approach to understand who is your target market, who
you want to meet, who you want / need to work on the website, and who you want to be online.

The SEO plays a big part in the success of any website. There are rules to follow when building a website and not all themes can abide by those
rules. This is why custom websites are so much superior, during creation the developer is able to configure the site to allow Google and other
search engines to read and page, thus allowing the end user a more useful search result, naturally giving the custom sites a better system
ranking. This goes beyond keyword analysis.

Custom built websites seem to take longer than themes, as everything is being designed and catered for a particular company. It will save time in
the long run, because configuring the software is much simpler as it is designed from the ground up to make sure the software does exactly what
you want it to do. To be responsive to your site, custom designs require all devices (such as phones , tablets , laptops, etc.) & browsers.

Online creation tools Custom built website

Design flexibility Templates are perfect for small budgets. A tailor-made website fits your business needs
Price up front is cheaper
Custom website is more complex than a template.
You are limited on how much you can
The site is to be built to be search engine friendly.
configure a platform. What you see, that's all.

Many models are not designed to be

search engine accessible. You need to tailor
them to fit your business.

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Performance Templates show shorter growth Custom site creation process takes longer than a
duration. template site.

Some other businesses will use the
same design , which means your website does
not stand out as much.
May not all work on all devices
Functionality of the platform is checked across all
browsers.
The website will have a completely unique design,
integrating the identity of the client and focused on your
business needs.

Functionality No custom or added technologies can The website will grow along with your company. If you
be installed, since templates run on a know how your website will work in the future, a web
structured system developer will install technologies that work with those ideas.

UX Most likely prototype sites do not have The company that build your website is there for help
as strong a support network as a custom site if you need it.
built.

UI The user will be pushed into a template. The interface is arranged in the most convenient way
Restrictions on fine tuning when these are fixed possible. Help users get an easier experience.
and must follow the site's proposed framework
standards.

References
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