Evaluating It Options for Home and Network

Personal Computer
-is a computer that is capable of doing the IPOS activities by itself and it is intended to be used
by one person at a time. 
-personal computers can either be mobile or stationary.
-often differentiated by the type of operating system they used.
MAClaptops, leading the market share.
-sold by Acer,Del, Lenovo, HP (Hulet Packard), and Samsung are using Windows operating
system.
-while Apple sells personal computers that use Mac operating system.
-other operating system are Linux and Chrome OS.

Mobile Computers
-as the term derives, means the computers that you can carry from one place to another.
-include laptops, notebook or tablet

Stationary Computers
-are those design to be set up in a specific location
-example is the desktop and all in one pc

Different Mobile PC
1.Laptops
-also called notebook computers
-it was given the name laptop because it was designed to be fit in lap.
-11 to 18 inches

Types of Laptop
A.Ultrathin Laptop
-they way less than traditional laptops they are usually have longer battery life and generally run
the windows operating system. 
-have fewer ports that traditional laptops
-they do not have any optical disk drive and often required use of special dongles to attached
cables to connect to external displays or network. 
B.Traditional Laptops

2.Tablets
-usually smaller than a laptop but larger than a phone
-it is a thin light weight mobile computer that has attached crane.
-tablets run on batteries or power supply or both. However batteries on tablet typically last
longer than laptop.
-some tablets include stylus
-useful specially for taking notes in class, meetings, conferences, and in other forums where the
standard laptop is not practical. 
-7 to 12 inches

2 Popular Form of Tablets

A.Slate Tablet
-a type of tablet that does not contain a physical keyboard
-more durable, often are use in the medical field and other areas where exposure to germs and
other contaminants is greater.

B.Convertible Tablet
-is a tablet that has a screen in its lead and a keyboard on its base with the lead and base
connected via civil type hench.

3.Handled Computers
-is a computer small enough fit in one hand
-can communicate wirelessly 
-some have small or specialized keyboards others have a touchscreen and also include a stylus
for input.
-often industries specific like the ones use by parcel delivery people
-another example is the one use by warehouse employees in checking out inventory items.
-specifically tailored for people are required to move from place to place
-often send data wirelessly to central office computers.

Mobile Computers Buying Guide

1.Determine which mobile computer form factor fits your needs.
2.Consider the screen size of the mobile computer.
3.Check the input devices like keyboard and mouse if it will fit in your hands.
4.Consider the possibility of upgrades.
-the development of software is faster than the development of hardware.
-means, when the software developed it requires high end computers.
5.Check the availability of ports and slots.
6.Consider buying a second battery.
7.Purchase a comfortable and ergonomic carrying case.
-fully padded carrying case
8.Make sure the mobile device is compatible with a projector.

Different Stationary PC
1.Desktop or Desktop Computer
-is a personal computer designed to be in a stationary location where all its components fit on
under a desk or table.
-components outside the desktop typically include peripherals such as keyboard, mouse, web
cam as input devices, speaker, and printer as output devices, and external hard drive as
storage device, and router or a modem as communication devices. 
-can either be traditional where peripherals are attached to tye system unit via cables. 
-Or all in one desktop where the system unit and the monitor are house in the same case.
2. All-in-one Desktop Pc

Buying Guides For Desktop

1.Determine the specific software to use on the desktop.
2.Know the hardware requirements of the operating system.
3.Look for bundled software.
4.Avoid purchasing the least powerful desktop available.
5.Evaluate all-in-ones as they may be less expensive than traditional.
-all in one often more space and more attractive than traditional.
6.Take advantage of the different purchasing options.
7.Be aware of additional costs.
Servers
-is a computer dedicated to providing one or more services to other computers or devices on a
network.
-services provided by server includes storage and controlling access to hardware, software, and
other resources on a network.
-accesses data, information, and programs on other server.
-personal computers devices or terminals access data, information, and programs on server. 
-can support from 2 to several thousand connected computers or devices at the same time.
-some server called Dedicated Server perform specific service and can be place with other
dedicated server perform multiple services.
-each type of dedicates server uses software designs specifically to manage its service.
-dedicated server typically requires a faster processor, more memory and additional storage.
-servers typically includes a processor, memory, storage, and network connection.
-depending on its function a server may or may not require a monitor or an input device.
-some server are controlled by remote computers.

Type of Server
A.Rack Server
-sometimes called a rack-mounted server
-is a server that is housed in a slot (bay) 
on a metal frame (rack).
-fasten in place to a flat surface
B.Blade Server
-is a server in the form of a single circuit board or blade.
-individual blades insert in a blade server jazzie that can hold many blades.
-fasten in place to a flat surface
C.Tower Server
-is a server built into an upright cabinet (tower) that stands alone.
-the tower can be similar in size and shape to a desktop tower but larger. 

•Major Corporations used server farm, mainframe computer, and other types of server for
business activities to process everyday transactions. These server increases the capability of
the enterprise to bill millions of customers, prepare payroll for thousand of employees, and
manage millions of items and inventory.

Server Farm
-is a network of several servers together in a single location.
-make it possible to combined the power of multiple servers.

Mainframe
-is a large, expensive, powerful server that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected
users simultaneously.
-banks is an example that uses mainframes

What is the meaning of the term

Computer Terminal

Terminal
-is a computer that enables users to send data to and/or receive information from a server, or
host computer.
-usually have limited processing power
-the host computer processes the data and if necessary sends information or output back to
terminal.

*Thin Client Terminal

-is terminal that looks like a desktop but has limited capabilities and components.
-typically do not contain a hard drive they run programs and access data on a network or
internet.
-public library, schools, and enterprises use thin client terminal because they cost less, easier to
maintain, last longer, useless power, and less susceptible to malware attacks than desktops. 

Types of Terminals in terms of Processing Capability

1.Dumb Terminal 
-has no processing power and serves only  to send and receive data, hence the name dumb.
2.Smart Terminal
-has limited data processing capabilities
3.Intelligent Terminal
-has substantial data processing capabilities because it has built in processor and memory.

*Special-Purpose Terminal
-perform specific tasks and contain features uniquely designed for use in a particular industry.

3 Widely Used Special -Purpose Terminals

1.Point of s
ale or POS Terminals
-are common fixtures in most retail or grocery store.
-it is used to record purchases, process credit or debit card, and update inventory
-is a combination of a electronic cash register, barcode reader or scanner, and printer.
-the output serves as the input to other computers to maintain records, update inventory, verify
credit,and perform other activities associated with sales transactions that are critical to running
the business.
-some are internet capable

*Barcode Reader
-is a input device that collects data about the products such as the item number, manufacturer,
selling price, and the complete product name.

2.ATM- Automated Teller Machine

-special purpose machine
-a self-service banking terminal that connects to a host computer through a network.
-banks place ATMs in public location so customers can access bank accounts conveniently.

3.Self-service Kiosk
-is a freestanding terminal that usually has a touch screen for user interaction.
-user interact independently there design is generally user friendly, meaning simple and easy to
use.

Supercomputer
-is the fastest, most powerful, and most expensive computer.
-it is capable of processing many trillions of instructions in a single second.
-can store more that 20,000 times the data and information of an average desktop.
-application requiring complex sufisticated mathematical calculations used super computers.
-its function includes large scale simulation, application in medicine, air space, automotive
design, online banking, weather forecasting, nuclear energy research, and petroleum
exploration.

*Fugaku by Fujitsu
-is the fastest supercomputer today
-located in RIKEN Center in Kobe, Japan
-has 7.3 million core or processor
-memory is 4.9 million gigabytes
-the processing speed is 415,000 TFlop per seconds or Tera Flops.
-1 tera flop is equivalent to 1 trillion pointing point operation  per second. 
-it can process approximately 415,000 trillion instruction or calculations per second.

*Dual Core- with two processor

*Quad Core- with four processor
*Octo Core- with eight processor

Cloud Computing
-is the delivery of on-demand computing services typically over the internet.
-rather than buying their own computing infrastructure, companies can rent access anything
from application to storage from a cloud service provider.
-Netflix simplest example
-this type of computing is virtual, meaning anywhere anytime just like the cloud.
-if there is a cloud you can access your data.

Advantages or Features of Cloud Computing

1.Great Availability of Resources
-always available
-24/7, 365
2.On-demand self-service
-you don't need help from technical people in accessing the clouds.
3.Easy Maintenance
-you don't own infrastructure so maintenance causes minimal and limited to your own
infrastructure.
4.Large Network Access
-not limited to several few
-in just one cloud service provider you can access everything that you need.
5.Availability
-if there is internet you can access the clouds.
-the internet is working 24/7 365 so clouds also
6.Automatic System
-one of the best advantage of cloud computing
-all the upgrade whether software or hardware is shouldered by the service provider.
7.Economical
-less infrastructure less maintenance
-no upgrades means less cost
8.Security
-one of the add ons in cloud computing is data security. Service providers ensure that your data
is protected from threats.
9.Pay as you go
-you are simply a subscriber, so if you want to stop services you can simply unsubscribe.

MOBILE DEVICES
-named mobile devices because it is mobile
-you can carry it anywhere since the size is small enough to hold in your hand.

Popular Types of Mobile Devices

1.Smartphones
2.Digital Camera
3.Media Players
4.E-book Readers
5.Wearable Devices

1.Smartphones
-the most popular mobile device
-can receive GPS signals to determine user current location, capable of telling your specific
location
-can also synchronized data and information with a computer or another mobile devices you can
access data which ever device you want to use 
-it also support voice control
-Siri for Iphone and Google voice for Android
-are capable of connecting to external devices wirelessly via Bluetooth
-it also serves as wireless access point
-can be used as mobile hotspot device for a small network.
-also has predictive text capability

2.Digital Camera
-is a device that allow users to take photos and store the photograph images digitally

*Smart Digital Camera-also can communicate wirelessly with other devices and can include
apps similar to those on smartphone.

-mobile computers and devices such as smartphones and tablets often include at least 1
integrated digital camera.

-other than Built in Camera on phone there are

Other 2 Types of Camera 
1.Point-and-shoot Camera
-is an affordable and light weight digital camera with lenses built in with screen that displays the
image that will be photographed 
-the quality of images is just acceptable
2.SLR Camera- Single Lense Reflects Camera
-a high end digital camera that has interchangeable lenses and uses mirror to display on each
screen an exact replica of the image to be photographed.
-are much heavier and larger than point-and-shoot cameras
-expensive with a variety of available lense, sizes and other attachments.
*Photo Quality
-resolutions affects the quality of digital camera photos 

*Resolution- the number of horizontal and vertical pixels in display.

                  -digital camera resolutions typically is stated in megapixels or millions of pixels. So if
you have 16Mp camera, it means the photos taken by that camera has 16 million pixels. 

*Pixel- short for picture element

         -the smallest element in an electronic     image.
         -the greater the number of pixels the camera uses the better the quality of the picture. But
the better the quality of the picture the larger the file size.

*Optical Resolution- the actual photograph resolution.

*Enhanced Resolution-  but some manufacturer uses special formula to add pixels to those
generated by the optical resolution.

3.Wearable Devices
-simply wearable, is a small mobile  computing device design to be worn by an individual.
-often communicate with other mobile device or computer using Bluetooth.

3 Popular Types of Wearable Devices

1.Activity Tracker
-monitors the fitness related activities such as distance walk, heart rate, pulse, calories, burn,
and sleep patterns. 
-sync wirelessly with the web or mobile app on your computer or mobile device.
2.Smart Watches
-wearable device in addition to keeping time can communicate wirelessly with a smartphones to
make and answer phone calls, read and send messages across the web, access the web, play
music, work with apps such as fitness trackers and GPS, and more. 
-most of them are touchscreen devices.
3.Smart Glasses
-also called smart eyewear
-are wearable head mounted eyeglass device that enable the user to view information or take
photos and videos that are projected to a small screen in the users field of vision.
-users control the device through voice commands or by touching controls in its frame.

Other Mobile Devices

-already available on smart-phones
1.Messaging Service Devices
*Pager- use by doctors so they can be reach when they are needed.
*Beeper- now replaced by cellphones
2.E-Book Reader
-only few people are using this now
-only dedicated readers use this now
3.Game Console
-not for business purposes

Embedded Computers
-is a special purpose computer that function as a component in a larger product.
-are everywhere
-can be found on automobiles, consumer, electronics, home automation devices, computers
and office machine.
-remote control of television is an example of embedded computers.
-GPS receivers for car, auto lock system are embedded computers.
-components in a larger product they usually are small and have limited hardware.
-perform various function depending on the requirements of the products in which they recite.

Ports and Connectors 

-computers connects computer peripherals through ports or wireless technology.

Port
-is a point that which a peripheral device connects to a computer or mobile device.
-some ports have micro or mini version for mobile devices because of there smaller size. 

Connector
-joins a cable to a port 
-has two ends, one is attached to the computer device and the other to a port to a peripheral
device. 

USB Port- Universal Serial Bus Port 

-can connect up to 127 different peripheral devices together with a single connector.
-devices that can connect to USB Port includes any of the following: card reader, digital camera,
external hard drives, scanner, printer, USB flash drive, webcam, and etc.
-almos peripherals now can connected to  computer devices via USB Port.
-you can fin USB Ports in Cars and Airplanes and other public location.
-can recharge many smartphone and tablets.

Several USB Version

USB 3.1 (USB 3.1 Gen2)
USB 3.0 (USB 3.1 Gen1)
USB 2.0
-transfer data and information faster than the earlier ones. Newer version are backward
compatible which means they support older USB devices as well as newer ones. All the USB
devices do not run faster in a newer USB port.

USB Hubs
-is a device that plugs in the USB Port on the computer or mobile device and contains multiples
USB ports. 
-some are wireless that is a receuver plugs the usb port on the computer and the usb hub
communicates wirelessly with the receiver 

Port Replicators
-is an external device that replicates or copy the  different ports of the mobile device.
-some prefer this because of its convenience
-sometimes disable ports on the mobile computer to prevent conflicts among the devices on the
computer and on replicator

Docking Station
-is similar to a port replicator but it has more functionality, aside from providing connection to
peripherals devices, a docking station contains a power connection.
-also includes slot for memory cards, optical disk drives, and other devices
-a tablet and a docking station users can work with a full size keyboard or mouse. 

Wireless Device Connection

-peripherals can also be connected to a computer via wireless technology such as Bluetooth,
Wi-fi, and NFC.

1.Bluetooth Technology
-uses short-range radio signals to transmit data between two Bluetooth enabled devices.
-bluetooth devices have to be within about 33ft. of each other but the range can be extended
with additional equipment.
-if you have a computer that is not bluetooth enabled you can purchased Bluetooth Wireless
Port Adopter that wil convert an existing USB port into a bluetooth port. 
2.Wi-Fi- Wireless Fidelity
-uses radio signals that conform to 802.110 standards, which were developed by the Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
3.NFC- Near Field Communications
-uses close-range radio signals to transmit data between two NFC enabled devices.
-examples are smartphones,  digital cameras, computers, watch, and terminal.
-credit and debit card also used NFC 
-the devices are touch or even in an inch of two of each other. 

Hardware Protection
-security measures must ne implemented to protect computers and devices from theft and
failure.

Who are at risks of hardware theft?

-companies, schools, and other organizations that house many computers are at risks of
hardware theft. This is specially to those smaller computers that easily can fit in box or a brief
case.
-mobile users are susceptible to hardware theft because of the size and weight of their
computers.

Security Measures for Hardware Theft

1.Physical Access Controls
-using a padlock or lock doors and windows are adiquate to protect the equipment.
2.Alarm System
-install alarm system for additional security
-computer labs and other facilities with large numbers of semi-frequent users often use alarm
systems.
3.Cables
-can also be uses to protect hardware

Security Apps
-another options that users can implement to safeguard their devices is by installing security
apps.
-can install device tracking app on computers and mobile devices.
-some security apps shutdown the computer and sound an alarm if the computer move beyonds
a specified distance.
-device tracking apps can determine the location of a lost or stolen computer 

*Note that this type of security does not prevent theft but it renders the computer or device
useless if it is stolen.

Hardware Failure 
-another concern related to computing devices is hardware failure.
-hardware  can failed for variety of reasons:
1.Aging Hardware
-those hardware that are nearing solicins 
2.Random Events
3.Electrical power events
4.Errors in programs or apps

Two Possible Sequences of Hardware Failure

1.Lost of data, software, or information 
2.Hardware need to be repaired or replaced with a new one 

Electrical Power Variation

-one of the many causes of system failure 
-this may cause lost of data and lost of equipment.

Electrical disturbances that could damage includes Undervoltage and Overvoltage 

*Under Voltage
-occurs when the electrical supply or voltage drop to 90% or less of the normal voltage.
-when under voltage runs for one minute a brownout occurs.
-Blackout is complete power failure 
-under voltage can cause data lost but generally the net cost equipment damaged.
*Over Voltage- or Power Surge
-occurs when the incoming electrical supply or voltage increases to 110% or more of the normal
voltage.
-a Momentary Over Voltage called Spike occurs when the increy in power last for less than one
millisecond which is 1000 of a second.
-Uncontrollable disturbances such as Lightning Volts can cause spikes.
-over voltage can cause immediate and permanent damage to hardware.

Protecting Devices from Power Disturbances 

1.Surge Protector 
-also called Surge Suppressor
-uses electrical components to provides stable current flow and minimize the chances of an
overvoltage reaching the computer and other electronic equipment.
-are plugged in to the power source then the computer and other devices are plugged into the
surge protector.
-absorbs small over voltages, generally without damage to the computer and equipment.
-when there is Lightning voltage surge protector stop working completely when an overvoltage
reach a certain level.
-also protect the computer from under voltage but no surge protectors are 100% effective.
-recommends to replace surge protectors every 2 or 3 years.
2.UPS- Uninterruptible Power Supply
-is a device that contains surge protections kits and one or more batteries that can provide
power during a temporary or permanent lost of power.
-connects your computer and a power source.

Technology Health Risk

1.RSI- Repetitive Strain Injury
-an injury or disorder of the muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, and joints.
-technology related RSI includes Tendonitis and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome or CTS.

*Tendonitis
-is inflammation of tendon due to repeated motion or stress on that tendon.
-symptoms of tendonitis of the risk includes extreme pain that extends from the forearm to the
hand along with tingling on the fingers.
*CTS
-is inflammation of the nerve that connects the forearm to the pam of the hand. 
-repeated or forceful bending of the risk can cause tendonitis of the risk or CTS
-symptoms include burning pain when the nerve is compress along with numbness and tingling
in the thumb and the first two fingers.
-factors that includes this disorder is prolong typing, prolong mouse usage or continual shifting
the mouse and keyboard.
-if untreated this disorders can lead to permanent physical damage.

Helpful Tips
1.Take frequent breaks to exercise your hands and arms.
2. Do not rest your wrists on the edge of a desk. Instead place a wrists between the keyboard
and the edge of your desk.
3. Place the mouse at least six inches from the edge of the desk.
4. Minimize the number of times you switch between the mouse and the keyboard.
5. Keep your forearms and wrists level sob that your wrists do not bend.
6. Avoid using the heel of your hand as pivot point while typing or using the mouse.
7. Keep your shoulders, arms, hands, and wrists relaxed while you work .
8. Maintain good posture
9. Stop working if you experience pain or fatigue. 

Other Risk of Using Technology

1.Hearing Loss
-using earbuds and head phones some users are experiencing hearing loss.
2. CVS- Computer Vision Syndrome
-condition that affects eyesight 
-Symptoms: sore, tired, burning, itching or dry eyes. Blurred or double vision after prolong
staring at a display device, if you  are experiencing a headache or sore ache, if you have
difficulty shifting focus between a display device and a document, if you have difficulty focusing
on screen image. Increase sensitivity to light.
-eyes strain associated with CVS is not taught to have serious or long term consequences. Just
rest your eyes.
3. Back Pain- Muscle Fatigue and Emotional Fatigue
-complain of lower back pain, muscle fatigue, and emotional fatigue.
- lower back pain is sometimes is caused by poor posture.
-to treat back pain or muscle and emotional fatigue take a 15 to 30 minutes break every 2 hours.
Stand up, walk around, stretch and relax.

Correct Sitting Posture

*Ergonomics- is an applied science devoted to incorporating comfort, efficii and safety into the
design of items in the work place.
-Ergonomics study shown that use of correct type and configuration of the chair, keyboard,
display, and work surfaces helps user work comfortably and efficiently and health protect their
wealth.

Correct Sitting Posture

Monitor
Arms 
Chair
Legs
Feet

Behavioral Health Risk

-mental health issue
1.Technology Addiction
-obsessed on computer, mobile devices and on the internet.
-you are addict if most of your time is devoted in using technology devices.
-no longer have social physical life
-growing health problem but it can be treated through therapy and support groups.
2. Technology Overload 
-person feel distress when deprived of technology even for a short length of time 
-person who feel overwhelmed with the amount of technology they are required to manage is
also suffering from tech overload.
-to cope with the feelings of distraction and to control the impact the technology can have on
work or relationships set a side technology free time.

Who are the technology addict?

Symptoms:
1.Always craves computer time
2. Overjoyed when using the computer or mobile device
3. Unable to stop using technology
4.Irritable when not using technology
5. Neglects family and friends
6. Having problems at work or at school