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12 Rock Blasting
12 Rock Blasting
A = 0.12 BI
Parameter Rating
Rock Mass Description (RMD)
Powdery/Friable 10
Blocky 20
Totally Massive 50
Table 1: Joint Plane Spacing (JPS)
Close (<0.1 m) 10
Intermediate (0.1 to 1m) 20
Wide (> 1m) 50
Joint Plane Orientation (JPO)
Horizontal 10
Dip out of face 20
Strike normal to face 30
Dip into face 40
Specific Gravity Influence (SGI) SGI =25*SG- 50
(where SG is in g/cc)
Hardness (H) 1 - 10
Carlos Agreda, Ph. D 8
Galería con taladros de drenaje.
Where:
mt, is the Hoek & Brown (1980) intact constant
varying from 7 to 25 for specimens free from joints,
RMR is the Bieniawski rock mass rating ranging from
20 for poor quality rock to 100 for high quality rocks.
40 - 21 IV Roca Pobre
Where:
B is the blasthole burden,
S is the blasthole spacing, and
H is the heigt of the bench
K P2
B
12 Std
Donde:
B = Burden (m)
K = Índice de volabilidad
= Diametro del taladro (pulg.)
P2 = Presión de detonación del explosivo (PSi)
Std = Resistencia Tensional Dinámica de la
Roca (MPa)
PR f Sc, ,W / , rpm
FIGURE I
Predicted fragmentation
a10Wi Size
b c
PS
p
*
1.25B
Actual fragmentation
Desired
No Yes
cor
Vcr K gd n 1
0c
Where:
Vcr: Critical fracture velocity
K: Coefficient related to the structural properties of the
rock mass
g: Gravitational acceleration (m/s2)
cor: Corrected breaking stress in the blasting of
massive rock; cor = 0.1c + t
Carlos Agreda, Ph. D 32
Once the critical fracture velocity has been
determined using equation (1), Rakishev proposed
that the rock mass be classified according to its
blastability based on the following scale.
Description Range
L.F 0.278B F
0.407 0.62
Where:
L.F = Charge Factor
Bl. = Effective burden (m)
F = Protodyakonov strength index = C2/1.06 × E
Where C = Compressive strength of rock (kg/cm2)
E = Modulus of elasticity (kg/cm2)
Carlos Agreda, Ph. D 35
El modulo de elasticidad de Young (E)
E
Profesor.
Carlos Agreda, Ph. D 39