Presentation Topic;

Unit # 06
Qualities of a good test.
Name : Amna Mishal Samo
Roll no : 2K16/BEDEL/06
Course Title :Test Development and
Evaluation
Given by : Dr Amjad Ali Arain
All These four are the characteristics
of a good test.
 four characteristics are vital for
construction of good test.
1: Reliability

• The dictionary meaning of reliability is

consistency , dependence or trust.
• In the measurement reliability is the
consistency with which a test yields same
results in measuring whatever it does measure.
• Reliability of a test refers to its stability.
 Technically , the theoretical definition of reliability is the
proportion of score variance that is caused by systematic
variation in the proportion of test taker.
It extent a measuring procedure yields consistent results
on repeated administration of the scale.
It Refers to the consistency of scores or answers from
one set of items to another.
In other words “Being able to trust to be trusted to do
what is expected or has been promised.
Examples of reliability :
Example 1 :if you test someone and he got 100
marks , after a period of time do again if you
get same results , it is reliability.
Example 2 : take a test of math ability and then
retake the same test two months later. If the
receiving a similar score both time , the
reliability of the test is high.
Types of reliability :
 Internalreliability
 External reliability
Internal reliability:
The extent to which a measure is consistent within
itself
External reliability :
The extent to which a measure varies from one
use to another.
Validity:
The word validity derived from the Latin
validus, meaning strong.
Validity is an important characteristic of any
test. This test refers to what the test really
measures. A test is valid ,if it measures what we
really wish to measure. The word validity means
the state of being legally or officially binding or
acceptable.
 Validity is the ability of instrument to
measure what it is intended to measure.

 Degree to which the researcher has

measured what he has set out to
measure (Smith 1973).
 Extent to which an empirical measure
adequately reflects the real meaning of
the concept under consideration(Babbie
,1989).
Nature of validity:
 Appropriateness of the interpretation and use
made of the results of an assessment
procedure for a given group of individuals
 A matter of degree
 Specific to some particular use of
interpretation
 A unitary concept
 Overall evaluate judgement.
Sources of validity
 Test content
 Response process
 Internal structure.
Types of validity

 Criterion validity
 Content validity
 Construct validity
Factors that influences validity:

 Testitems inappropriate for the outcomes

being measured.
 Poorly constructed test items.
 Test too short.
 Improper arrangement of items.
 Identifiable patters to answer
 Unclear directions
Objectivity:
 Objectivity refers to the degree o which
equally competent scorers obtain the same
results.
 Objectivity represents the agreement of two
or more raters or a test administrators
concerning the score of a student.
 The state of being fair , without bias or
external influence.
 Ifthe test is marked by the different people the
score will be same . In other words , making
process should not be affected by the marking
person personality.
 Not influenced by emotion or personal prejudice
.Based on observable phenomena ; presented
factually : an objective appraisal.
 The questions and answers are clear.
 Disadvantages of
Advantages of objectivity objectivity
 Independent.  Timeconsuming for
 Free from bias. constructing.
 Present facts.  Client
faking
responses.
 It emphasizes facts.
 Unsureness.
Differentiability
 The word differentiability means ‘ being capable
of differentiated’.
 Usually it uses in testing of mathematics. In
calculus, a differentiable function of one real
variable is a function whose derivative exist at
each point in its domain. As a result , graph of a
differentiable function must have a tangent line
at each point in its domain , be relatively smooth
, and cannot contain any breaks or bends.
A function is differentiable if its derivative exist.
A function is not differentiable if its first derivative is
not defined at the point (or over the interval).
 Forradical functions , intervals or points of non-
differentiability happen at discontinuities vertical
tangents.
 To help determine interval of differentiability , look
at the sign study for (x).
Thank You