Abdominal Organ - liver

Introduction :

• The liver in the

largest gland of the
body occupying
much
of
the part of abdominal
right upper
cavity .

Some
functions include
°

main :

It secretes bile and stones

glycogen
is

It
synthesizes the serum
proteins & lipids .

(3) It detoxifies blood

from foreign substances .

( 41 gt
produces hemopoielic cells
of all
types during fetal life .

o
gt in
present in right hypochondrium ,
upper part g epigastrium ,

and
part is left hypochondrium upto middauicnlar line .

under
It lies
mostly ribs
•
cover
&
g
costal
cartilages immediately below
diaphragm .

It extends upward as
far as
5th Rib
[Right
,
and
left 5th Intercostal
space [ left side
] .

liver much
The in
larger in newborn
•

stb Inter
and children due to
.

its
young hemopoielic costal
space
function in fetal life ,
and
occupies
21st b g
abdomen .

shape = gt in a
wedge shaped and resembles

four sided laid side with its directed

a -

pyramid on one base

towards the
right and a
pen
towards left .

Colour Red
.
Weight : Male -
-
1.4 to
1.8kg
. = - brown

Females to
1.4kg
= 1.2

Newborn -
-

Y , sth g body wt .

Birth
150g
-

Proportional adult Yqotb

wt In
of body wt
= .
 External features :

° Two
surfaces : ca )

( b,
Diaphragmatic
Visceral

border
• One :
Interior
-

Inferior Border features :

-

ca , gt separates the
diaphragmatic surface from the visceral surface
cbsgt rounded it separates lateral
in
laterally when the
right
surface from inferior surface .

(c) Two Notches :

cis Notch for big cementum teres

dis cystic Notch .

cds In
epigastrium it extends from the
night 9th costal

cartilage to 8th costal

left cartilage ,
thus ascends sharply to

left .

median
(e) In
plane ,
it lies in trans pyloric plane .

Lobes 9 liver : A
Glines
Anatomical lobes
•
Two types : cas

(
b,
physiological lobes .

Anatomical
[
Diaphragmatic]
lobe : surface
• On the
Diaphragmatic surface Two lobes It:{tht (G times
than left)
°

On Visceral surface it in 4 lobes : ca,

Right
,
og
lbs
*
left
les Quadrate
*

*
*
add Caudate
*

Physiological lobes :

divided left physiological lobes

liver into Right by
• in &

imaginary sagittal plane / line ( cant lie 's plane / line ) .

both lobes
Size
equal
°
are
og
.

[ Antero superior ] [ visceral ]

Hepatic segments :

structural units
These liver then
Eight hepatic
•
are
g ,
an

segments .

lobe & lower Parts

Right physiological Upper
.

° =

left physiological lobe =

Medial & lateral Parts .

o
Each Parts are then clliuided
into & lower
upper
.

• Thos 8 segments .
 Ale to Couinaud 's Nomenclature :
•

Segments an Tmembered I to VII

•
I to II =
left hemi liver
. I to VII =
Right hemi liver -

corresponds Caudate lobe

o

segment I to

and It to guard ate lobe .

Ligaments : ( Important )
I

② Med Notes [ med notes .

]
in
 Some Relations :

Blood Supply :

Highly vascular
•

organ
-

•
gt receives blood
from two sources
[ Hepatic Artery ( oxygenated )
1-
portal Vein ( Deoxy )
Nearly Yzrd
.

Cardiac Output
.

9
passes through liver .

. soy.

by Portal Vein
20 t -

by Hepatic Artery .

tenons Drainage :

( as
left hepatic Vein [ btw medial a lateral segments g left lobe )

( bi Middle hepatic Vein [ btw

Right & left lobes ]
Right hepatic Vein [btw Ant I Post segment , Right lobe ]
.

Lymphatic :
(3
Categoria )
Superficial lymphatics
•

Portal
•

lymphatics 580%]
• Sublobular lymphatics
 Nerve
supply :

Sympathetic [ from coeliac plexus )

•

Parasympathetic [ from hepatic branch g

Ant -

Vagal Nerve
]

Development :

•
liver develops from a diverticulum [ hepatic bud ) from distal

g foregut
end .

Hepatic bud →
Pars cystic a ( Accessory
bud )
I,
cystic duct & Gallbladder .

•
Main bud ( Pars
hepatica ) → liver .

Applied :

* More about liver in

Physiology !

② Med Notes [ med notes .

]
in