Spelling Lessons and Activities

First Course
Spelling
Lessons and Activities
• Word Lists
• Instruction
• Practice
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Table of Contents
How to Study a Word ........................................................................................................................ v

Spelling Strategies.............................................................................................................................vi
Proofreading Strategies ..................................................................................................................vii
How to Make Your Personal Word Log .......................................................................................viii
UNIT 1
Lesson 1 Base Word Families ........................................................................................ 1
Lesson 2 Homophones ................................................................................................... 2
Lesson 3 Adding Endings to Words ................................................................................ 4
Lesson 4 Negative Prefixes ............................................................................................ 6
Unit 1 Review ........................................................................................................................ 8
Practice Test A
Practice Test B
Activities
UNIT 2
Lesson 6 Prefixes en- and ex- ...................................................................................... 12
Lesson 7 Prefixes dis- and de-...................................................................................... 14
Lesson 8 Prefix ad- ....................................................................................................... 16
Lesson 9 Adjective Suffixes .......................................................................................... 18
Lesson 10 Spelling and Pronunciation............................................................................ 20
Unit 2 Review ...................................................................................................................... 22
Practice Test A
Practice Test B
Activities
UNIT 3
Lesson 12 Noun Suffixes ................................................................................................ 26
Lesson 13 Consonant and Syllable Patterns .................................................................. 28
Lesson 14 Derived Spellings -ible and -able................................................................... 30
Lesson 15 Latin Roots .................................................................................................... 32
Lesson 16 Verb Suffixes ................................................................................................. 34
Unit 3 Review ...................................................................................................................... 36
Practice Test A
Practice Test B
Activities
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Holt Spelling iii Lessons and Activities

UNIT 4
Lesson 18 More Latin Roots ........................................................................................... 40
Lesson 19 Unstressed Endings ...................................................................................... 42
Lesson 21 Derived Words............................................................................................... 46
Lesson 22 More Derived Words...................................................................................... 48
Unit 4 Review ...................................................................................................................... 50
Practice Test A
Practice Test B
Activities
UNIT 5
Lesson 24 Greek Combining Forms ............................................................................... 54
Lesson 25 Number Prefixes............................................................................................ 56
Lesson 26 Spelling and Pronunciation............................................................................ 58
Lesson 27 Suffixes -logy and -graphy............................................................................. 60
Unit 5 Review ...................................................................................................................... 62
Practice Test A
Practice Test B
Activities
UNIT 6
Lesson 30 Multisyllabic Words........................................................................................ 68
Lesson 31 More Greek Combining Forms ...................................................................... 70
Lesson 32 Noun Suffixes ................................................................................................ 72
Unit 6 Review ...................................................................................................................... 74
Practice Test A
Practice Test B
Activities
Spelling Dictionary .......................................................................................................................... 78

Your Word Logs ............................................................................................................................ 103
Holt Spelling iv Lessons and Activities

How to Study a Word
1 SAY the word.
Remember when you have heard the word used. Think about
what it means.
2 LOOK at the word.

Find any prefixes, suffixes, or other word parts you know. Think
about other words that are related in meaning and spelling. Try
to picture the word in your mind.
3 SPELL the word to yourself.

Think about the way each sound is spelled. Notice any unusual spelling.
4 WRITE the word while you are looking at it.

Check the way you have formed your letters. If you have not
written the word clearly or correctly, write it again.
5 CHECK what you learned.

Cover the word and write it. If you did not spell the word
correctly, practice these steps until you can write it correctly
every time.
Lesson Word Log

Look in the back of this book, starting on
page 104. This is where you’ll list the words
that you need to study from each lesson.
Include words you miss on the pretest and
any other words you aren’t sure you can
always spell correctly.
Holt Spelling v Lessons and Activities

Spelling Strategies
Here are some helpful spelling strategies. Think about them as you come across
words you don’t know how to spell.
Say the word.

• Then close your eyes, and picture the way it’s spelled. Spell it silently,
and then write it.
Think of ways
• to spell the vowel sound in a word. Try different spellings until the
word looks right. For example, does bild look right or does build look
right?
Think about the rules

• that tell what spelling changes to make before adding -ed and -ing or
changing y to i.
Think of a rhyming word

• to help you figure out how to spell another word.
Make up a silly sentence

• or phrase if it helps you remember how to spell a word. For example—
If you can’t remember how to spell reign, try a sentence such as Ron’s elegant
iguana got nervous. If you put together the first letters of each word, you have reign!
My own strategy…
Holt Spelling vi Lessons and Activities

Proofreading Strategies
Proofread your work twice.

• The first time, circle words you know are misspelled. Then go back and
look for words that you are not sure about.
Read the words backward.

• Start with the last word and end with the first word. That may sound
funny, but it may help you notice words that are misspelled!
Look for homophones,

• and make sure each word you’ve written makes sense.
Make a chart to keep track of your spelling errors.

• Then you can see what kinds of mistakes you make and work to correct
them.
My own strategy…
Holt Spelling vii Lessons and Activities

How to Make Your Personal Word Log
A Personal Word Log is your own word collection. It’s a place where you can
store words that are special to you—words you need to know for classes, words
with unusual meanings, or just words that you think are interesting. How can
you develop your Personal Word Log? Here are some tips.
Watch for
• especially interesting or unusual words when you’re reading. Jot them
down, and then add them to your Log!
When you watch

• television or listen to the radio, listen for any new words that you would
like to save. The word might be used by a favorite entertainer. Maybe
it’s a word used during a news broadcast.
Include words
• that you need to use when you write, especially words that are hard for
you to spell.
Include words
• you have trouble spelling or pronouncing.
Think about
• technical words used in your school subjects— mathematics, social
studies, science.
Before you write

• a word in your Log, check the spelling. You might look up the word in
a dictionary or a thesaurus or ask a classmate for help.
Here’s a helpful hint:

• Keep notes on your words. To help you remember the meaning of a
word, write a definition, a synonym, or an antonym. You might also use
the word in a sentence. Or, write anything you remember about the word
that makes it interesting. Look at the sample on the next page.
Holt Spelling viii Lessons and Activities

How to Make Your Personal Word Log (continued)
Word and Notes

serendipitous Serendipitous has a dip in the middle.
Serendipitous means “finding something by
accident.”
While flipping through a library book, she
made a serendipitous discovery—a five-dollar
bill.
Personal Word Log

You’ll find your own Personal Word Log in the back
of the book, starting on page 110.
Holt Spelling ix Lessons and Activities

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 1: Base Word Families
Each Spelling Word is a base word or one of its derivatives. (A Spelling Words
derivative is a base word with a prefix or suffix added to it.) Study 1. colony
the words to see how they are related. Notice how a prefix or suffix 2. colonist
changes the meaning of a word.
3. depend
Sort the words in a way that will help you remember them. One
4. independent
example grouping has been given. You may also group words by
those whose base words change and those whose base words remain 5. consider
the same. 6. consideration
7. history
employ 8. historian
unemployment 9. believe
10. believable
_______________________ _______________________ 11. construct

12. reconstruction
_______________________ _______________________
13. company
14. companion
15. decide
_______________________ _______________________ 16. indecisive
_______________________ _______________________
Your Own Words
Look for other base words
_______________________ _______________________ and their derivatives. You
might see strikeout or
stealing in an article about
_______________________ _______________________
baseball. You might find
taxation or rebellion in a
book about colonial America.
_______________________ _______________________
17. _______________
_______________________ _______________________
18. _______________
Knowing how to spell one word in a base word family can help 19. _______________
you spell other words that are related to it. Remember, however, 20. _______________
that the base word may require spelling changes before a word
ending, or suffix, is added.
Holt Spelling Lessons and Activities

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 1: Base Word Families ( continued)
Spelling Clues: Base Words If you’re not sure how to spell a word,
think about its parts: prefix, suffix, base. Make sure you spell the 1. _______________
prefix or suffix correctly. If you need help on how to spell a prefix or 2. _______________
suffix, consult a dictionary. Then think about the base word, and
decide whether the spelling stays the same or changes. 3. _______________
Look at the two possible spellings for each word. Circle the one that 4. _______________
is spelled correctly. Then write the word. 5. _______________
1. colonist colonnist
6. _______________
2. companyan companion
3. histery history 7. _______________
4. independent indapendent 8. _______________
5. reconstruction reconstructtion
9. _______________
6. indecicive indecisive
10. _______________
Proofreading 7–12. Proofread these sentences. Circle the misspelled 11. _______________
word in each sentence. Then write the word correctly.
• 7. The hunters returned to the coleny after sunset. 12. _______________
• 8. Here are the new workbook pages for your considiration. 13. _______________
• 9. My brother works for a large computer compeney.
14. _______________
• 10. You can always deppend on me to be on time.
15. _______________
• 11. Did you think the story about the escaped tiger was belivable?
• 12. I need to conseder whether or not I should go to the park. 16. _______________
Working with Meaning Read the definitions below. Write the

correct word that matches each definition.
13. the opposite of doubt
14. to choose
15. a person who studies history
16. to build
Holt Spelling 1 Lessons and Activities

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 2: Homophones
Each Spelling Word is half of a pair of homophones. Homophones Spelling Words

are words that are pronounced the same but are spelled differently 1. real
and have different meanings.
2. missed
Sort the Spelling Words so that the homophones in each pair are
3. pain
together. Write each pair.
4. tide
eight ate 5. shoot
6. mist
_______________________ _______________________ 7. birth
_______________________ _______________________ 8. swayed

9. shown
_______________________ _______________________
10. tied
_______________________ _______________________ 11. pane
_______________________ _______________________ 12. shone
13. reel
_______________________ _______________________
14. berth
_______________________ _______________________ 15. chute
_______________________ _______________________ 16. suede
Your Own Words
Look for other homophones
Most pairs of homophones begin with the same letter. to add to the lists. You might
see eight and ate in a math
book. You might find capitol
and capital in a social
studies book.
17. _______________
18. _______________
19. _______________
20. _______________

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 2: Homophones ( continued)
Spelling Clues: Thinking About Meaning To choose the correct

homophone, think about the meaning of the word and how it fits
with the meaning of the entire sentence.
Write the homophone that correctly completes each sentence.
1. _______________
1. Cold air rushed in through the broken (pane, pain) of the
kitchen window. 2. _______________
2. Amy felt a tug on the line and began to (real, reel) in a huge
3. _______________
fish.
3. Beginners must be (shone, shown) how to do the job correctly. 4. _______________
4. Joe took an upper (berth, birth) in the train’s sleeping
compartment.
Proofreading 5–8. Read the diary entry. Circle the incorrect 5. _______________
homophones, and write the correct homophones on the lines.
6. _______________
Dear Diary, 7. _______________
Today at the hospital I worked with Eddie. Eddie hasn’t
8. _______________
spoken since berth. I can sense a reel pane behind his blank
expression. However, after our session, I think his eyes
shown a little more brightly than before.
9. _______________
Fun with Words Replace 9–16 with Spelling Words. The words in 10. _______________
each sentence should be homophones.
11. _______________
• The (9)___ was high when we (10)___ the boat to the dock.
• In this game, you try to (11)___ the ball so that it comes down the 12. _______________
(12)___ with the highest number on it.
13. _______________
• Because it was hard to see in the (13)___, we (14)___ our exit off
the highway. 14. _______________
• The woman in the (15)___ skirt could not be (16)___ from making 15. _______________
a long speech.
16. _______________

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 3: Adding Endings to Words
Each Spelling Word ends in -ed or -ing. Look at the base words and Spelling Words
notice what happens when the endings are added. 1. letting
Sort the Spelling Words into categories to help you remember them. 2. following
BASE WORD 3. cheating

CHANGES 4. labored
sitting / hopped 5. gathered
6. hammered
_______________________ _______________________ 7. controlling

8. bothering
_______________________ _______________________
9. ruined
10. listening
11. studying
12. swallowed
BASE WORD 13. permitting
DOESN’T CHANGE
14. carrying
allowing / gained
15. compelled
16. groaned
_______________________ _______________________
Your Own Words
_______________________ _______________________ Look for other words in
which the base word does or
_______________________ _______________________ doesn’t change. You might
see batted or stealing in an
article about baseball. You
_______________________ _______________________
might find taxed or rebelling
in a book about colonial
_______________________ _______________________ America.
_______________________ _______________________ 17. _______________
18. _______________
Before adding an ending to words that have a short vowel sound 19. _______________
followed by a single consonant, double the consonant.
20. _______________

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 3: Adding Endings to Words ( continued)
Spelling Clues: Comparing Spellings When you proofread, look

for words that may be misspelled. Write each word the way you
think it should be spelled. Then decide which spelling is correct.
Look at the two possible spellings. Write the spelling that looks
correct. Use the Spelling Dictionary if you need help. 1. _______________
2. _______________
1. groaned groaned 4. permiting permitting
2. cheating cheating 5. swallowed swallowwed 3. _______________
3. controlling controling 6. gatherred gathered
4. _______________
Proofreading 7–11. Proofread the letter to the author. Circle the 5. _______________
misspelled words. Then write the words correctly on the lines.
6. _______________
Dear Beverly Cleary,
We are studing one of your books in class, and I felt
compeled to write you. I want to be a writer, too. Would you
mind leting me know how you get your ideas? Do you spend 7. _______________
a lot of time listenning to young people? Are you always
carring a notebook to write down ideas? Thank you. 8. _______________
Sincerely, 9. _______________
Scott Thomas
10. _______________
11. _______________
Fun with Words Write Spelling Words to replace 12–16.
12. _______________
13. _______________
14. _______________
15. _______________
16. _______________

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 4: Negative Prefixes
Each Spelling Word begins with a negative prefix. Study the words, Spelling Words
and think about the meaning associated with each prefix. 1. deactivated
Sort the Spelling Words into four groups according to their prefixes. 2. illegal
DE- IL- 3. misbehave

4. antisocial
5. illegible
_______________________ _______________________
6. antislavery
_______________________ _______________________ 7. deform
_______________________ _______________________ 8. antibiotic
9. misunderstand
_______________________ _______________________
10. illogical
11. antidote
12. decrease
MIS- ANTI-
13. misfortunate
14. defrost
_______________________ _______________________
15. misspell
_______________________ _______________________ 16. illiterate
_______________________ _______________________ Your Own Words
Add other words with
_______________________ _______________________ prefixes to the list. You might
see antivirus and antiseptic
in a health book. Where
might you see a misprint or a
Each of the prefixes has a negative meaning. The meanings of misquote?
the prefixes are as follows:
17. _______________
• de- means “undo”
• il- means “not” 18. _______________
• mis- means “bad” 19. _______________
• anti- means “against”
20 _______________

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 4: Negative Prefixes ( continued)
Spelling Clues: Prefixes When you write a word beginning with

de-, il-, mis-, or anti-, write the first syllable. Then concentrate on 1. _______________
the spelling of the other syllables. 2. _______________
1. “against slavery” ____________slavery
3. _______________
2. “not legal” ____________legal
3. “behave badly” ____________behave 4. _______________
4. “not activated” ____________activated 5. _______________
5. “not logical” ____________logical
6. _______________
6. “opposite of frost; to thaw” ____________frost
Proofreading 7–11. Proofread this message. Circle the misspelled 7. _______________

words, and write the correct spelling of each.
8. _______________
Dear diary, I went to the doctor today. I was feeling sick and
9. _______________
antesocial at school. I didn’t want to go outside or talk with
my friends. So I asked the doctor for an anttidote to make me 10. _______________
feel better. He took my temperature and found that I had a
fever. He wrote me a prescription for an antiibiotic. 11. _______________
However, his handwriting was illigible and nobody could
understand what he wrote. How missfortunate for me!
Fun with Words Write Spelling Words for 12–16. 12. _______________
12. If you do not understand, then you do this. 13. _______________
13. If you are going to change the shape of something, then you
14. _______________
will do this.
14. If you cannot read or write, then you are this. 15. _______________
15. If you spell a word incorrectly, then you do this. 16. _______________
16. If you are trying to slow down your speed, you are doing this.

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Practice Test: Part A

Unit 1 Review
Read each group of phrases. Find the underlined word that is misspelled. Circle
the letter of that phrase.
Example: 6.
A) writes often A) swallowed hard
B) successfull business B) suede coat
C) drive carefully C) studying often
D) special talent D) upper birth
1. 7.
A) terrible headache A) lifesaving antebiotic
B) neck pain B) illegible writing
C) indesicive leader C) back pain
D) high tide D) decrease in price
2. 8.
A) three colonists A) shoot the rapids
B) incredible killer whale B) antislavery activist
C) ilegal pets C) foggy missed
D) recent history D) ancient history
3. 9.
A) decide quickly A) believable story
B) historic reconstruction B) following orders
C) special companion C) independant candidate
D) accomplished pianest D) studying music
4. 10.
A) missed basket A) mail shoot
B) controlling the ship B) illogical answer
C) caught cheating C) shown the way
D) steel guitar D) compelled to answer
5.
A) fishing reel
B) groned loudly
C) listening closely
D) antisocial behavior

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Practice Test: Part B

Unit 1 Review (CONTINUED)
Read each sentence. Circle the letter of the correctly spelled word.
Example: When will you arrive ______? 6. The light from the sun ______ brightly.
A) hear A) shoan
B) here B) shone
C) hier C) shown
D) heare D) shoen
1. I ______ my plane. 7. The ______ spoke at our meeting.

A) mist A) historrean
B) missed B) historean
C) misst C) historian
D) mised D) historrian
2. The glass ______ in the kitchen is broken. 8. The rain ______ our plans.
A) paine A) runed
B) pain B) ruined
C) pane C) riuned
D) payne D) ruinned
3. Do you know how to ______ frozen 9. India became ______ in 1947.

vegetables? A) independent
A) deffrost B) independant
B) deefrost C) indepindant
C) defrast D) indepindent
D) defrost
10. Did you ______ the instructions?
4. The family ______ together for a picnic. A) mesunderstand
A) gatherred B) missunderstant
B) gatered C) misundrestant
C) gatherd D) misunderstand
D) gathered
5. Here is the plan for your ______.

A) considerasion
B) consederation
C) consideration
D) considuration

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Activities
Sailing Partners What’s in a Word?

Do this activity with a partner. Each of you should write a paragraph banjo
about some kind of boating adventure. Use five Spelling Words in your The word banjo comes from
paragraph, but don’t write down the Spelling Words. Instead, leave an African language—
blanks where the Spelling Words should go. Exchange papers, and fill probably Kimbundu, a Bantu
language. The word was
in the five Spelling Words that are missing from your partner’s brought to America by
paragraph. Then exchange papers again, and check each other’s enslaved Africans.
spelling.
cafeteria
The word cafeteria comes
Picture Clues from a Spanish American
word that originally meant
Do this activity with a partner. Each partner should draw simple “coffeehouse” or “coffee
characters or scenes as clues to three Spelling Words. Trade drawings store.” Eventually, it came to
with your partner. Identify and write the correct Spelling Word under mean any self-service
each of your partner’s clues. restaurant.
corral
Proofreading Partners The word corral comes from
a word meaning “to run.”
Do this activity with a partner. Each of you should make a list of five This word was brought to the
Spelling Words that give you trouble or that you think are the most United States by Spanish-
challenging to spell. Exchange lists. Each partner then writes a speaking cowboys. In Africa,
the similar word kraal is used
paragraph in which the other person’s five words are misspelled. Then in the same way that we use
exchange papers, and proofread and correct each other’s paragraphs. Be corral, to describe a pen for
sure each Spelling Word is spelled correctly. animals. The word kraal
comes from Portuguese, a
language that is very closely
Homophone Fun related to Spanish. Kraal is
an African word.
Think of a sentence in which you can use a pair of homophones that are
Spelling Words. Write the sentence, but leave blanks for the
homophones. Challenge a classmate to fill in the blanks with the correct
Spelling Words.

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Activities
Team Charades What’s in a Word?

Do this activity with at least three people on each team. Divide the eavesdrop
Spelling Words so that each team has half of them. Each team writes on Originally, eavesdrops were
a slip of paper a clue—a familiar phrase, a book title, a movie title, a drops of rain that fell from
common saying—for each of their words. Then all slips are given to the the eaves of a house. Later,
to eavesdrop came to mean
other team. One at a time, each team member draws a slip, takes one “to stand within the eaves of
minute to plan, and then acts out the clue for his or her team. When the a house, or near its windows,
word is guessed and then spelled correctly, it’s the other team’s turn. to hear what people inside
were saying.” Now we use
Play continues until all clues have been acted out and guessed.
the word whenever we mean
“to listen to what others are
saying without their
Spelling Duet knowledge or permission.”
Do this activity with a partner. Write each Spelling Word on a slip of
paper. Fold the slips and put them in a container or a pile. Take turns eccentric
choosing a word and giving your partner as many one-word clues as The word eccentric comes
from a Greek word meaning
necessary until he or she guesses the Spelling Word and spells it “out of the center.” It has
correctly. An example of a series of clues would be bites, insect, tiny, come to mean “out of the
itchy (mosquito). ordinary” or “odd.” Literature
is full of eccentric characters.
You may have met some in
What Is In a Word? Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s
Adventures in Wonderland.
Start your own collection of word histories. Trace the development of at Charles Dickens also
least two words from each Spelling Word list. Keep your collection in a created many eccentric
separate notebook. Add to it not just Spelling Words but new and characters in such works as
A Christmas Carol and David
interesting words you come across in your reading.
Copperfield.
killer whale
A killer whale is actually a
dolphin, a type of toothed
whale. The scientific name
for a killer whale is Orcinus
orca. Killer whales were
originally called “whale
killers,” because they prey
on large fish, seals, and
other whales. Then, for some
reason, the two parts of the
compound word were
switched, leading to the
name they are known by
today.

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 6: Prefixes en- and ex-
Each Spelling Word begins with the prefix en- or ex-. A prefix is a Spelling Words
word part that is added to the beginning of a root that changes the 1. encourage
root’s meaning. Look at the beginning of each word to see how it is
2. exit
spelled.
3. enjoying
Sort the Spelling Words by prefix to help you remember them.
4. exchange
EN- 5. express
enchant 6. envelope
7. extend
_______________________ _______________________ 8. excitement
_______________________ _______________________ 9. exceed
10. explode
_______________________
11. enthusiasm
12. enclose
13. expand
EX- 14. exclaim
excess 15. exclude
16. excel
_______________________ _______________________
Your Own Words
_______________________ _______________________ Look for other words that
begin with en- or ex- to add
to the lists. You might see
_______________________ _______________________ exact or example in a math
book. You might use exhort
_______________________ _______________________ or encounter when writing a
detective story.
_______________________ _______________________
17. _______________
_______________________
18. _______________
When the prefix en- or ex- is added to a root, the spelling of the
19. _______________
root is not changed.
20. _______________

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 6: Prefixes en- and ex- ( continued)
Spelling Clues: Prefixes When you write a word beginning with en-
or ex-, write the first syllable. Then concentrate on the spelling of the
other syllable or syllables.
Read the sentences below. Determine what missing letters are
needed to complete each Spelling Word. Then write each word. 1. _______________
1. The paper should ex_____ five pages. 2. _______________
2. Please ex_____ through the double doors.
3. _______________
3. She made an even ex_____.
4. _______________
4. Please en_____ a stamped envelope.
5. I heard him ex_____, “Oh!” 5. _______________
6. Please ex_____ the plot. 6. _______________
Proofreading 7–10. Circle the misspelled words. Then write the

words correctly on the lines.
7. _______________
Dear Marcus,
If you are reading this letter, you must have opened the 8. _______________
envelop. That’s Step One. Step Two is reading these
primitive squiggles. Good luck! I have to expresse my 9. _______________
exsitment about your new stories! You added a new element: 10. _______________
treachery! The situation keeps threatening to explohd. You’re
keeping me reading!
Sincerely,
Mick
11. _______________
12. _______________
Fun with Words Write Spelling Words to replace 11–16. 13. _______________
• People seemed to be (11)___ themselves at the party. 14. _______________
• The coach made sure he did not (12)___ anyone from the game.
15. _______________
• She had a lot of (13)___ and school spirit.
• Please (14)___ our thanks to the host and hostess 16. _______________
• Some people seem to (15)___ at everything they do.
• The teacher was able to (16)___ her students to do their best.

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 7: Prefixes dis- and de-
Each Spelling Word begins with the prefix dis- or de-. Sometimes Spelling Words
dis- or de- is a prefix added to a familiar word or root. Study each 1. disliked
part of the word.
2. discovered
Sort the Spelling Words by prefix to help you remember them.
3. decay
DIS- DE- 4. dispose
disobey debate 5. defeat
6. destroyed
_______________________ _______________________ 7. decline
8. defects
_______________________ _______________________
9. disabled
_______________________ _______________________ 10. disappeared
_______________________ _______________________ 11. disappointment
12. dependent
_______________________ _______________________
13. deduction
_______________________ _______________________
14. disadvantages
_______________________ _______________________ 15. disguised
_______________________ 16. dissolved
_______________________ Your Own Words

Look for other words that
begin with dis- or de-. You
might use decompose or
disintegrate in a science
When the prefix dis- or de- is added to a root or to a familiar report. You might find
word, the spelling of the root or the base word is not changed. distinguished or declare in a
book about heroes.
17. _______________
18. _______________
19. _______________
20. _______________

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 7: Prefixes dis- and de- ( continued)
Spelling Clues: Prefixes When you write a word beginning with

dis- or de-, write the first syllable. Then concentrate on the spelling
of the other syllables.
Read these phrases. Determine what missing letters are needed to
complete each Spelling Word. Write each word. 1. _______________
1. a dis_____ spaceship 5. dis_____ of properly 2. _______________
2. a de_____ for our team 6. dis_____ in water
3. _______________
3. dis_____ by few 7. name two dis_____
4. _______________
4. major design de_____
5. _______________
words correctly on the lines. 6. _______________
7. _______________
Oak Tree Gallery
123 Oak St., Plains, GA 32323
Dear Ms. Kaminsky,
We regret to inform you that your painting Golfo di 8. _______________
Salerno disapeered from our warehouse. You cannot imagine
our disapointment. At first, we thought it had been destroied 9. _______________
in the fire that damaged our main gallery, but a police 10. _______________
detective believes a thief may have been disgysed as a
firefighter. The police hope to recover it. The outcome is 11. _______________
dependant on their ongoing work.
12. _______________
13. _______________
14. _______________
15. _______________
16. _______________

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 8: Prefix ad-
Each Spelling Word includes a beginning that is a form of the prefix Spelling Words
ad-. The spelling of the prefix changes when it is added to a root 1. arrest
starting with c, n, p, or r. Look at the beginning of each word to see
2. approve
how it is spelled.
3. accent
Sort the Spelling Words by the way they begin.
4. arrived
accumulation arrival 5. arrange
6. accommodate
_______________________ _______________________ 7. announced
_______________________ _______________________ 8. approaching

9. accepted
_______________________ _______________________
10. appoint
_______________________ _______________________ 11. accompanying
_______________________ _______________________ 12. array
13. arrangements
_______________________
14. accomplish
15. accelerate
16. annoy
annul appearing
Your Own Words
Look for other words with
_______________________ _______________________ these beginnings. You might
find accentuate in a book
_______________________ _______________________ about public speaking. You
might include arraignment or
appalled in a comic book you
_______________________ create.
17. _______________
The prefix ad- changes when it is added to roots beginning with
18. _______________
the letters c, n, p, or r. The d in the prefix changes to the first
letter of the root. 19. _______________
20. _______________

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 8: Prefix ad- ( continued)
Spelling Clues: Prefixes When you write a word using one of the
prefixes in this lesson, think about the root. Then use the prefix that
ends with the same letter that begins the root.
Add a prefix that means “to” to each of the roots below. Add
necessary suffixes as well. Write the Spelling Word. 1. _______________
1. Could Yasha ___complish anything useful? 2. _______________
2. Yasha worried that his music might ___noy others.
3. _______________
3. In the city, the ___cent was on artistic endeavor.
4. _______________
4. A flute player ___cept___ him as a student.
5. He helped Yasha ___celerate his training. 5. _______________
6. Soon Yasha’s music was beautiful enough to ___rest the 6. _______________
attention of the king.
7. The king decided to ___point Yasha a court musician. 7. _______________

words correctly on the lines.
8. _______________
My Honored Father,
9. _______________
I told the king that your seventieth birthday was
aproaching, and he said he would aprove a short absence so 10. _______________
I may visit you. The king is sending an erray of gems and
finery. Thus, three guards are accompaning me. I hope it will 11. _______________
not be hard for you to arange places for them to stay. I look 12. _______________
forward to our visit.
Your loving son,
Yasha
13. _______________
15. _______________
16. _______________

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 9: Adjective Suffixes
Each Spelling Word ends with a suffix. A suffix is a word part that is Spelling Words
added to the end of a word or root. Look at the end of each word to 1. backward
see how it is spelled.
2. foolish
Sort the Spelling Words by suffixes to help you remember them.
3. handsome
smallish clandestine 4. lonesome
5. selfish
_______________________ _______________________ 6. marine
7. greenish
_______________________ _______________________
8. awkward
_______________________ _______________________ 9. wholesome
_______________________ _______________________ 10. grayish
11. childish
_______________________
12. masculine
_______________________ 13. feminine
14. reddish
15. genuine
quarrelsome southward 16. awesome
Your Own Words
end with -some, -ish, -ine,
_______________________ _______________________ and -ward. You might find
Scottish or northward in a
geography book. You might
_______________________ write meddlesome or equine
in a story about the Wild
_______________________ West.
Some suffixes indicate a word’s part of speech. 17. _______________
• When the suffixes -some, -ish, -ine, and -ward are added 18. _______________
to words or roots, the words usually become adjectives.
19. _______________
• To spell a word with one of these suffixes, spell the root
first and then add the suffix. 20. _______________

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 9: Adjective Suffixes ( continued)
Spelling Clues: Checking Twice When you proofread, read once

and circle words you know are misspelled. Then read again and look
for other words that might be misspelled.
1–7. Proofread the list twice. Circle the seven misspelled words.
Then write the correct spelling of each Spelling 1. _______________
back ward winsome abolish 2. _______________
Languish foolish femnine
3. _______________
Genuine graish marene
4. _______________
Hansome greenesh masculin
5. _______________
Proofreading 8–11. Proofread the paragraph below. Circle the
misspelled words. Then write the words correctly on the lines. 6. _______________
7. _______________
Sonja sighed as she pulled weeds from the redish Georgia
soil. Her childesh dream of owning the mansion was as likely
as finding fish on Mars. She felt folish when she remembered
it. Now that she was the gardener, she could be at the
mansion as much as she liked, without feeling ackwerd. 8. _______________
9. _______________
10. _______________
11. _______________
12. _______________
13. _______________
14. _______________
15. _______________
16. _______________

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 10: Spelling and Pronunciation
Each Spelling Word is sometimes pronounced differently from how Spelling Words
it is spelled. That is because all the sounds in these words are not 1. February
always said. Sometimes people misspell words because they don’t
2. separate
pronounce each sound. Sometimes, however, people misspell words
because the correct pronunciation interferes with the correct spelling. 3. different
In the word business, the vowel sound is often omitted. In the word 4. library
paraphernalia, a consonant sound may be omitted. 5. temperature
Say each Spelling Word aloud. Then sort them according to the letter 6. strength
often omitted in speech. Example words have been given.
7. length
OMITTED CONSONANTS 8. vegetable
9. arctic
surprise 10. twelfth
11. probably
_______________________ _______________________ 12. jewelry
_______________________ _______________________ 13. literature
14. boundary
_______________________ _______________________
15. reference
16. beverage
Your Own Words
OMITTED VOWELS Look for other words
commonly misspelled
because they are hard to
listener stationary pronounce. You might find
traveler or caterpillar in a
nature book. You might find
governor or comfortable in a
_______________________ _______________________ social studies book.
_______________________ _______________________ 17. _______________
_______________________ _______________________ 18. _______________
_______________________ _______________________ 19. _______________
_______________________ _______________________ 20. _______________
Sometimes in speech, certain sounds are omitted. To spell a word

correctly, keep in mind the pronunciation.

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 10: Spelling and Pronunciation ( continued)
Spelling Clues: Commonly Misspelled Words Some words are

difficult to spell because they are long and unfamiliar. Other words
may seem difficult to spell because they are pronounced incorrectly.
Spelling words by syllables can help you spell words correctly.
Read each word below. Decide which letters are missing. Then spell 1. _______________
the word by syllables. Write the Spelling Word correctly. 2. _______________
1. diffrent 4. boundry
3. _______________
2. lenth 5. strenth
3. vegtable 6. bevrage 4. _______________
Proofreading 7–12. Circle the misspelled words in the purchase 5. _______________
order below. Then write the words correctly on the lines.
6. _______________
TO: Valley of the Sun Book Supply
FROM: Desert Circle Public Libary
Please send us these volumes by the twelfth of February.
Refrence section: 7. _______________
Title: A Beginner’s Book of Vegetable Gardening
Title: Native American Jewlry 8. _______________
Literture section:
Title: Operation Artic 9. _______________
Title: A Seprate Peace 10. _______________
11. _______________
13. _______________
14. _______________
15. _______________
16. _______________

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________

Unit 2 Review
Read each sentence. Circle the word correct or incorrect to tell whether the
underlined word is spelled correctly or incorrectly.
Example: Hang the pictcher straight.
correct incorrect
1. Do not excede the speed limit.
correct incorrect
2. He was accepted to music school.
correct incorrect
3. The fence will encloze the yard.
correct incorrect
4. The shortest month is Febuary.
correct incorrect
5. The purse disappered from the table.
correct incorrect
6. He was disguised for the party.
correct incorrect
7. My enthusiasm for learning new languages just grows and grows.
correct incorrect
8. The hotel can accomodate more than 300 guests.
correct incorrect
9. The punch was ruined when the salt fell in and dissolved.
correct incorrect
10. He acted in a childesh manner.
correct incorrect

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________

Example: The entire proposal sounds ______. 6. The plants in the rain forest are being
A) abserd ______.
B) absird A) distroyed
C) absurd B) destroied
D) adsurd C) destroyed
D) desstroyed
1. The things she did seemed to ______ me.
A) annoye 7. To be sure you measure the exact ______
of the frame, use a ruler.
B) annoy
A) lenth
C) annoi
B) lengh
D) anoy
C) length
2. The ______ of scarves and mittens was a D) lingh
colorful sight.
A) aray 8. The nutrition class taught ______ eating
and cooking habits.
B) array
A) holesome
C) arry
B) wholesome
D) arwray
C) wholsome
3. Everyone seemed to be ______ the play. D) holsome
A) enjoing
9. He was the ______ person in line for
B) engoying
concert tickets.
C) enjoying
A) twelfth
D) enjoying
B) twelth
4. Her actions seemed to be very ______. C) twelf
A) foolish D) twelph
B) folish
10. Did they ______ the person who broke into
C) fulish your home?
D) fulesh A) arest
5. Scuba divers can study ______ life. B) areste
A) merine C) arress
B) marene D) arrest
C) marean
D) marine

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Activities
Prefixes That Describe Where What’s in a Word?

English used many prefixes that describe where. De- means “from” or ♦ arctic
“down.” To decay is “to fall from goodness or soundness; to rot.” To Arctic is sometimes
deport is “to send from a place.” Ex- means “out.” To explode is “to mispronounced as if the
burst outward.” All the prefixes in the list describe where. word were “artic,” without a
c. Arctic comes from arktos,
an ancient word meaning
a- = on “the bear.” The Great Bear is
ab- = from a group of stars thought to
form the shape of a bear.
by- = near, aside
These stars appear in the
circum- = through, across northern sky and thus are
epi- = upon associated with the far
extra- = outside northern regions of the earth.
hypo- = under
befriend / befuddle
im- (in-) = into The prefix be- has several
intra- = within meanings. In some words
mid- = middle such as befriend, it means
“treat as.” In befuddle, it
para- = beside means “thoroughly.” Today,
peri- = around however, many of the words
retro- = back with the prefix be- are used
sub- = under only to set a certain mood or
tone in writing. Instead of
super- = over writing “He was a friend to
tele- = distant her,” you might say “He
trans- = across befriended her.” Instead of
writing “See the bright object
in the sky,” you might say
Work with a partner to see how many words you can come up with, “Behold the bright object in
using each prefix from the list. Compare your list with that of another the sky.” Instead of writing
pair of students. Combine your lists, and add up the total. “She was confused,” you
might say “She was
befuddled.” Use this to your
Endurance Spelling advantage. When you write a
play or story, try using a
With a partner, play a game to review the Spelling Words. Read the “be-something” word and
words, and ask your partner to spell each word aloud as quickly as see if it sets a particular
possible. Then switch roles. Which of you can endure the pressure and mood or tone.
spell all the words correctly? ♦ This indicates a Unit
Spelling Word.
Spelling Crossword
With a partner, play a game to review the Spelling Words. Read the
words, and ask your partner to spell each word aloud as quickly as
possible. Then switch roles. Which of you can endure the pressure and
spell all the words correctly?

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Activities
Fantastic Folks What’s in a Word?

Play this game with a group of four. Divide the Spelling Words by the clamber
number of people in the group so that each person has four Spelling The word clamber is a
Words. Each person should create a fictitious person’s name and habits, colorful word that almost
beginning with each assigned Spelling Word. Try to include alliteration sounds like what it means,
which is “to climb using both
and rhyme (the sillier the better). For example, Backward Bill buried hands and feet, in a clumsy
ten more men at Boot Hill or Selfish Selina samples shellfish at Salina’s manner.” It comes from
Marina. Share your sayings with your group. Then choose three Middle English. It is like the
German word klammern in
favorites, write them down, and add them to a class collection.
the phrase sich klammern,
which means “to hook
oneself on or cling firmly.”
Proofreading Partners Clamber is often used to
Do this activity with a partner. Each of you should make a list of five describe how people get to
Spelling Words that give you trouble or the five words you consider the the top of something like a
class, a business, or a field
most challenging in general. Exchange lists. Each partner should write a
of artistic endeavor.
paragraph on any topic you choose. Use your partner’s five Spelling
Words in your paragraph, but misspell them. Then exchange papers, ♦ February / October
and proofread and correct each other’s paragraphs. Be sure each February comes from a Latin
word which means “to purify
Spelling Word is spelled correctly.
by sacrifice.” Thus, February
was the month of
purification. October comes
Suffix Scramble from the Latin word, octo,
Work with a partner. Write the Spelling Words on cards. Take turns meaning “eight,” because it
choosing a card. Give each other a clue about the word on the card you was the eighth month of the
original Roman year.
have chosen. For example, if you choose the word majority, you could
say, “This word describes a group and ends in -ity.” Each correct ♦ marine
answer is worth one point. The word marine means
“having to do with the
ocean.” A Marine is a
member of one of the four
branches of the United
States armed forces. Today
we may think of the United
States Marine Corps as
operating more on land than
at sea. However, when the
first marines went into
service in the British navy in
the 1600s, they were
soldiers who served on
board a ship to protect the
sailors.
♦ This indicates a Unit
Spelling Word.

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 12: Noun Suffixes
Each Spelling Word ends with a suffix. When the suffixes -ary, -ory, Spelling Words
-ery, and -ury are added to words, nouns are formed. 1. bakery
Sort the Spelling Words by suffix to help you remember them. Add 2. victory
your own category and example word for the fourth category as you
3. documentary
are sorting.
4. factory
-ARY -ERY 5. machinery
infirmary pottery 6. discovery
7. nursery
_______________________ _______________________ 8. dictionary
9. century
_______________________ _______________________
10. injury
_______________________ _______________________ 11. missionary
_______________________ _______________________ 12. territory
_______________________ 13. scenery
14. revolutionary
15. treasury
16. luxury
-ORY
laboratory Your Own Words
these endings. You might
find adversary and misery in
_______________________ _______________________ an article about the Klondike
gold rush. You might find
_______________________ _______________________ depository and usury in an
article about money.
_______________________ _______________________
17. _______________
_______________________
18. _______________
The suffixes -ary, -ory, -ery, and -ury are added to words to form 19. _______________
nouns. 20. _______________
• When the suffix -ary is added to a root word, the spelling
of the root word usually does not change.
• When the suffix -ery, -ory, or -ury is added to a root word,
the spelling of the root word often changes in some way.

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 12: Noun Suffixes ( continued)
Spelling Clues: Comparing Spellings When you proofread, think

about how you have seen the word written before. Does the word
look right when you write it on paper?
Look at the three possible spellings for each Spelling Word. Write
the spelling that looks correct. Use the Spelling Dictionary if you 1. _______________
need help. 2. _______________
1. century centery centurey
3. _______________
2. dictonary dictionery dictionary
3. revolutionry revolutionary revolutionery 4. _______________
4. injury injurey ingiry 5. _______________
5. mishinery missinary missionary
6. _______________
6. senery scenery seenery
Proofreading 7–12. Proofread this diary entry. Circle the misspelled

words. Then write the words correctly on the lines.
7. _______________
Dear Diary, 8. _______________
I’ve been searching for gold in this freezing teritory for
months. Sometimes I think I’ll never add a nickel’s worth of 9. _______________
money to my treasurey. Victorry always seems near, but it is 10. _______________
never quite within my grasp
A simple thing like a warm bed seems like an impossible 11. _______________
luxery. The idea of a tasty roll from a backery makes my 12. _______________
mouth water. The documentery I saw long ago about gold
mining was the beginning of my misery.
13. _______________
14. _______________
15. _______________
16. _______________

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 13: Consonant and Syllable Patterns
Each Spelling Word has its own syllable pattern. Look at each word. Spelling Words
Notice which syllables are accented in relation to the vowel and 1. gallery
consonant pattern.
2. tomorrow
Sort the Spelling Words by pattern to help you remember them.
3. attitude
ACCENT ON THE 4. hurricane
FIRST SYLLABLE 5. barrier
difficult 6. corridor
7. umbrella
_______________________ _______________________ 8. buffalo
9. gorilla
_______________________ _______________________
10. pinnacle
_______________________ _______________________ 11. syllable
_______________________ _______________________ 12. accordion
13. massacre
_______________________ _______________________
14. opossum
_______________________ 15. moccasins
16. cinnamon
Your Own Words
ACCENT ON THE Look for other words that
SECOND SYLLABLE follow these patterns to add
to the lists. You might find
impossible slippery and beginning in a
story about mountain
climbing.
_______________________ _______________________ 17. _______________
_______________________ _______________________ 18. _______________
_______________________ 19. _______________
20. _______________
If a word has a double consonant, the accent often falls on the
syllable that goes with the first of the double consonants.

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 13: Consonant and Syllable Patterns ( continued)
Spelling Clues: Reading Aloud When you are writing or

proofreading, try saying aloud the word you are having trouble with.
Listen to the sounds in the word, and think about the letters that
usually spell those sounds.
Read the three possible spellings aloud. Write the correct spelling of 1. _______________
each Spelling Word. 2. _______________
1. massacre masacre masacker
3. _______________
2. sylable syllable silable
3. ackordion acorrdion accordion 4. _______________
4. bufallo buffalo bufalow 5. _______________
5. unbrella umbrella umbrela
6. _______________
6. gorilla gorrila gorila
Proofreading 7–12. Proofread this newspaper report. Circle the

7. _______________
MARCH THE NEWSPAPER 25¢ 8. _______________
A young camper identified as food was some cinammon 9. _______________
Melissa Devick was stranded cookies. Ms. Devick
near the pinacle of Mount maintained a positive atitude. 10. _______________
Stanley yesterday. Ms. “I was in a huriccane last
Devick’s mocassins made it year,” she said. “Starting 11. _______________
difficult for her to walk down tomorow, I think I’ll stay 12. _______________
the mountain. When she was home.”
rescued, her only remaining

13. _______________
14. _______________
15. _______________
16. _______________

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 14: Derived Spellings -able and -ible
Each Spelling Word ends with -able or -ible. The suffixes –able or Spelling Words
-ible can be added to many words or roots to form adjectives. Study 1. comfortable
each Spelling Word and note the suffix. Then sort the words into two
groups according to the suffix. 2. gullible
3. desirable
4. eligible
-ABLE -IBLE
5. compatible
6. understandable
_______________________ _______________________ 7. incredible
_______________________ _______________________ 8. accessible
9. perishable
_______________________ _______________________
10. permissible
_______________________ _______________________
11. questionable
_______________________ _______________________ 12. durable
_______________________ _______________________ 13. responsible
14. unacceptable
_______________________ _______________________
15. invincible
_______________________ _______________________ 16. admirable
_______________________ _______________________
_______________________ _______________________ Your Own Words
Look for other words with the
suffix -able or -ible to add to
the lists. You may notice the
word biodegradable in an
• The suffixes -able and -ible mean “is” or “can be.” Words
article about pollution. You
ending in these suffixes are usually adjectives. Sometimes the might find combustible in a
silent e is dropped from the base word when -able is added. chemistry book.
Use a dictionary whenever you are not sure that a spelling is
17. _______________
correct.
• If the root is not a complete word, add -ible. 18. _______________
invinc + ible = invincible 19. _______________
• If the root is a complete word, add -able.
20. _______________
comfort + able= comfortable
• If the root is a complete word ending in -e, drop the final -e
and add -able.
admire + able= admirable

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 14: Derived Spellings –able and -ible ( continued)
Spelling Clues: Derived Spellings When you write, notice words

that end with -able or –ible. Make sure you have spelled the suffix
correctly. Use a dictionary if you are unsure of the correct spelling.
Proofread these words. Write the word if it is spelled correctly. If the 1. _______________
word is misspelled, write it correctly.
2. _______________
1. comfortable
2. perishable 3. _______________
3. admirable 4. _______________
4. gullible
5. _______________
5. permissible
6. responsible 6. _______________
Proofreading 7–12. Proofread these sentences. Circle the misspelled

words. Then write the words correctly. 7. _______________
7. Brandon found the toy very desirible. 8. _______________
8. I had an incredibul time at the pool.
9. _______________
9. This suitcase is very durible.
10. _______________
10. I am eligable for the top prize in the contest.
11. That superhero is invincable. 11. _______________
12. This DVD player isn’t compatable with your television! 12. _______________
Working with Meaning Read the definitions below. Write the

correct word that matches each definition. 13. _______________
13. able to be understood
14. _______________
14. not able to be accepted
15. able to be accessed 15. _______________
16. able to be questioned 16. _______________

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 15: Latin Roots
Each Spelling Word has a Latin root. Study the words, and look for Spelling Words
the Latin root in each word. 1. judges
Sort the Spelling Words into four groups according to their Latin 2. fortune
roots.
3. doubt
-DUB- -FORS- 4. doubtless
-DOUBT- -FORT- 5. doubtful
doubted fortunately 6. specialist
7. misfortune
_______________________ _______________________ 8. fortunate
9. unfortunate
_______________________ _______________________
10. especially
_______________________ _______________________ 11. specific
_______________________ _______________________ 12. specifications
13. judicial
14. judgment
-JUD- 15. prejudice
-SPEC-
-JUDG- 16. undoubtedly
specialize
judged Your Own Words
these Latin roots to add to
_______________________ _______________________ the lists. You might find
specifically and misjudge in a
story describing underwater
_______________________ _______________________
life. You might find fortuitous
and dubious in a story about
_______________________ _______________________ treasure hunting.
_______________________ _______________________ 17. _______________
18. _______________
Knowing the meanings of Latin roots can help you understand
many words in English. Some meanings of these Latin roots are 19. _______________
• -dub-: “uncertain” 20. _______________
• -jud-: “uncertain” to judge
• -fors-: “chance”
• -spec-: “to look” or “individual,” “particular.”

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 15: Latin Roots ( continued)
Spelling Clues: Checking the Base Word or the Root When you
write a word with a suffix or a prefix, think about the spelling of the
base word or the root. Be sure to spell it correctly. Then make any
spelling changes required by the addition of the prefix or the suffix.
Compare the two spellings of each Spelling Word. Write the correct 1. _______________
spelling. 2. _______________
1. prejuice prejudice 4. specialist speccialist
3. _______________
2. especially espesially 5. fortunate fourtunate
3. doutful doubtful 6. undoutly undoubtedly 4. _______________
5. _______________
Proofreading 7–12. Proofread this note. Circle the misspelled
words. Then write the words correctly on the lines. 6. _______________
Dear Aunt Marguerite,

No dout you have been wondering what I’ve been doing on
this trip. Well, I have had the good fourtune to go diving in these 7. _______________
tropical waters. I received some very spcefic directions about how
to use the diving equipment. I was careful because I had heard 8. _______________
about an unfotunate accident that happened last week. It was one 9. _______________
poor diver’s misforchune to nearly run out of air. I used good
jujdment, and I had a very successful dive. I’ll tell you about it 10. _______________
when I get home.
11. _______________
Love,
Manuel 12. _______________

13. _______________
14. _______________
15. _______________
16. _______________

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 16: Verb Suffixes
Each Spelling Word ends with a suffix. When the suffixes -ate, -ize, Spelling Words
-yze, and -ise are added to words, verbs are formed. Words ending in 1. celebrate
-yze and -ise are rare.
2. realize
Sort the words in a way that will help you remember them.
3. advertise
Categories have been given for two groups. Fill in the category
heads for the other two groups as you are sorting. 4. analyze
5. organize
-ATE- -IZE- 6. cooperate
activate standardize 7. congratulate
8. exercise
_______________________ _______________________ 9. calculate
_______________________ _______________________ 10. illustrate
11. recognize
_______________________ _______________________
12. compromise
_______________________ _______________________ 13. memorize
_______________________ _______________________ 14. paralyze
15. criticize
_______________________
16. inaugurate
Your Own Words
these suffixes to add to the
lists. You might find initiate
and capitalize in a business
book. You might use animate
in a story about cartoons.
_______________________ _______________________
_______________________ _______________________ 17. _______________
_______________________ 18. _______________
19. _______________
The suffixes -ate, -ize, -yze, and -ise are added to words to form 20. _______________
verbs. When these suffixes are added to a root word, the spelling
of the root word changes.

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 16: Verb Suffixes ( continued)
Spelling Clues: Visualizing Words When you are learning to spell

a difficult word, study it carefully. Think about the patterns of the
letters or the shapes certain letters in the word make. Then try to
visualize the patterns or shapes. Try to see the written word in your
mind. 1. _______________
Look at the two possible spellings. Write the correct spelling of each 2. _______________
Spelling Word.
1. compromise compromize 3. _______________
2. analize analyze 4. _______________
3. cooperate coperate
5. _______________
4. inaugurate inauggurate
5. organize organyze 6. _______________
6. recognize recognyze
Proofreading 7–12. Proofread this note. Circle the misspelled

8. _______________
When Felipe got up to bat, he began to relize that he was
afraid of failing. In fact, the fear he had was just about strong 9. _______________
enough to paralise him. He was afraid that the coach would
10. _______________
critisize everything he did. He had tried to memerize everything
the coach had said. Now he tried to calcullate the speed at which 11. _______________
the ball was moving. When he finally did hit the ball, he felt sure
that everyone would congradulat him on overcoming his fear. 12. _______________
13. _______________
14. _______________
15. _______________
16. _______________

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________

Unit 3 Review
Read the possible spellings for each word. Circle the letter of the correctly spelled
word.
Example: 6.
A) cacoanut A) tommorrow
B) coconut B) tomorrow
C) cokonut C) tomorow
D) coaconut D) tommorow
1. 7.
A) dictionery A) prejudice
B) dictionary B) perjudice
C) dictionury C) predjudice
D) dicshunary D) prejudise
2. 8.
A) especially A) gullible
B) especialy B) gulible
C) especally C) gullable
D) ispecially D) gullibal
3. 9.
A) ingery A) compomise
B) ingury B) compromize
C) injery C) compromise
D) injury D) compromyze
4. 10.
A) cinamon A) invincible
B) cinnamum B) invincable
C) cinnamon C) invincibal
D) cinnemon D) invinceble
5.
A) critisize
B) criticise
C) criticyze
D) criticize

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________

Example: ______ grateful 6. wish to ______

A) extremly A) congradulate
B) extreamly B) congratullate
C) extremely C) congratulate
D) extremele D) congratulait
1. important ______ 7. ______ the test

A) dicovery A) memorize
B) discovary B) memorise
C) descovery C) memarize
D) discovery D) memoraise
2. ______ orders 8. ______ a book

A) specific A) ilustrate
B) speciffic B) illustrait
C) spicific C) illistrate
D) spesific D) illustrate
3. ______ shoes 9. herd of ______

A) comfortble A) bufallo
B) comfortible B) bufalow
C) comfortibal C) buffalo
D) comfortable D) bufalo
4. full of ______ 10. unknown ______

A) dout A) territory
B) doute B) territery
C) doubt C) teritory
D) dowbt D) territary
5. using good ______

A) judgmant
B) judgment
C) judjment
D) judjmant

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Activities
Round Robin What’s in a Word?

In a group with two or three others, write a round-robin story about a ♦ century and
day in the life of a person who has moved to your state. As the paper is centimeter
passed around, each person should add a sentence to the story. The The words century and
sentence must include one Spelling Word that has not been used in the centimeter both have a
meaning of “one hundred.”
story before. Keep passing the paper around until you have used all the
They come from centum,
Spelling Words. Here is an example sentence to get you started. (You which is the Latin word for
don’t have to use it.) 100. Other “100” words that
“The scenery here is spectacular,” thought Isaac, as he viewed the are formed from centum
include cent (1/100 of a
snow-covered mountain. dollar), centennial (the
celebration of a 100th
anniversary), and centipede
Spelling Charades (an insect once thought to
Do this activity with a group. Divide the Spelling Words by the number have 100 legs).
of people in the group so that each person has four Spelling Words.
Each person should write on a slip of paper a mnemonic (a way to ♦ congratulate
The word congratulate
remember the word) for each of his or her words. Then all mnemonics comes from the same root as
should be mixed together. One at a time, each person draws a the word grace. Both words
mnemonic to “act out.” Whoever guesses the Spelling Word and come from the Latin root
gratus, which means
correctly spells it is the next to “act out” a mnemonic. Play continues “pleasing.” Other words that
until all mnemonics have been acted out and all words have been come from the same root
spelled correctly. include congratulations,
graceful, graceless, and
gracious.
Your Own Memorial
♦ dictionary
Do this activity with a partner. Each of you should think about what it
The word dictionary comes
would be like to design and construct a memorial to yourself or to a from a Latin word meaning
friend. Describe the memorial you would like to create, and explain “to say” or “to speak.” Thus,
why it would be appropriate. Then tell how you would go about the literal meaning of the
word can be given as “a
creating it. Use as many Spelling Words as you can in your description. book of sayings.” The idea is
Exchange papers with your partner, and circle the Spelling Words in that a dictionary records the
each other’s papers. way people use words as
they speak (and as they
write).
Spelling Word.

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Activities
Partner Paragraph What’s in a Word?

With a partner, take turns writing sentences in a paragraph about a ♦ hurricane
recent project you did at school. Use a Spelling Word in each sentence The word hurricane comes
of your paragraph. from an American Indian
word for this kind of storm.
The Europeans did not have
Proofreading Partners a word for hurricane because
true hurricanes do not occur
Do this activity with a partner. Each of you should make a list of five in Europe. The word passed
Spelling Words that give you trouble or that you think are the most from an American Indian
difficult to spell correctly. Exchange lists. Each partner should write a language to Spanish and
paragraph in which the other person’s five words are misspelled. Then then eventually to English.
The modern spelling of the
exchange papers, and proofread and correct each other’s paragraphs. Be word in English was
sure each Spelling Word is spelled correctly. influenced by the word hurry,
because of the idea that a
hurricane hurries along.
Pick a Card, Any Card
Work with a small group, and write each of the Spelling Words on a ♦ specialist
The word specialist comes
separate index card. Then place the cards face down on a table, mix from a Latin word, specialis,
them up, and take turns picking one. The person who picks the card that means “individual” or
says the word, spells it, and then uses it in a sentence. “particular.” A specialist is
someone who has a
specialty, or who focuses on
A Final Scramble one particular thing. A doctor
who takes care of children
Choose three Spelling Words and scramble the letters in each. only is a specialist in
Challenge a partner to unscramble the letters and spell each word pediatrics. A teacher who
correctly. teaches only one subject
might be a specialist in that
subject. A musician who
plays only one kind of music
might be a specialist in jazz.
Spelling Word.

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 18: More Latin Roots
Each Spelling Word has a Latin root. Study the words, and look for Spelling Words
the Latin root in each word. 1. advise
Sort the Spelling Words into four groups, according to their Latin 2. instructions
roots.
3. visitors
-STRUCT- -VIS- 4. succeeded
5. depositing
6. recess
_______________________ _______________________
7. televised
_______________________ _______________________ 8. revised
_______________________ _______________________ 9. position
_______________________ _______________________ 10. constructing
11. composition
_______________________
12. opposite
13. structures
14. destruction
-CESS- OR 15. vision
-POS(I)T-
-CEED- 16. necessary
Your Own Words
_______________________ _______________________ Look for other words with
these Latin roots. You might
see structural and
_______________________ _______________________ concession in a newspaper
article. You might use
_______________________ _______________________ postpone and visa when
writing a travel essay.
_______________________
17. _______________
Some English words have Latin roots. 18. _______________

• The Latin root -struct- means “to build.” 19. _______________
• The Latin root -vis- means “to see.”
20. _______________
• The Latin root -pos(i)t- means “to place or put.”
• The Latin root -cess- / -ceed- means “to yield.”

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 18: More Latin Roots ( continued)
Spelling Clues: Checking Syllables When you proofread your own

writing, consider all the syllables in any word you are not certain
how to spell. Listen to the sound of each syllable. Make sure you
have included all necessary letters to create that sound. Also make
sure you have not included any extra letters or syllables. 1. _______________
Spelling Word.
3. _______________
1. oppsite opposite 4. reccess recess
4. _______________
2. vision vission 5. depositing depoiteing
3. compostion composition 6. advize advise 5. _______________
6. _______________
Proofreading 7–11. Proofread this newspaper article. Circle the
ZOO CONSTRUCTION SET TO START
The Civic Zoo Association announced today that two new
7. _______________
strucatures will be added to the zoo, providing housing for
endangered birds and reptiles. Rainstorms and floods resulted in 8. _______________
the detruction of parts of the zoo eighteen months ago. Since then,
the Association has succeded in raising funds for a major 9. _______________
rebuilding effort. Plans for the enclosures have been reviewed and
10. _______________
revized, and workers will begin construcking the addition early
next month. 11. _______________
12. _______________
13. _______________
14. _______________
15. _______________
16. _______________

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 19: Unstressed Endings
Each Spelling Word ends with an unstressed syllable. Study the Spelling Words
words in the list, and notice how the final syllable of each word is 1. attendance
spelled.
2. constant
Sort the Spelling Words into four groups, according to their endings.
3. brilliant
Categories have been given for three groups. Fill in the category
head for the fourth group as you are sorting. 4. substance
5. existence
-ANT -ENT 6. incident
7. frequent
_______________________ _______________________ 8. endurance
_______________________ _______________________ 9. balance
10. intelligent
_______________________ _______________________
11. influence
_______________________ _______________________ 12. reluctant
13. magnificent
14. experience
-ANCE 15. confidence
16. elegant
_______________________ _______________________ Your Own Words
_______________________ _______________________ unstressed endings to add to
the lists. You might read
_______________________ _______________________ incident and confidence in a
business letter. You might
write tolerance and defiant in
_______________________ _______________________
a short story of your own.
17. _______________
Some words have similar unstressed endings. These endings may
be spelled -ant or -ent; -ance or -ence. 18. _______________
19. _______________
20. _______________

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 19: Unstressed Endings ( continued)
Spelling Clues: Comparing Possible Spellings When you are

unsure of a word’s spelling, write down your best spelling guesses.
Compare the possible spellings, and see whether one looks right to
you. If you are still not sure, use a dictionary or a glossary to find the
correct spelling. 1. _______________
Spelling Word.
3. _______________
1. attendance attendence 4. substance substence
4. _______________
2. elegant elegent 5. existence existance
3. brillient brilliant 6. incidant incident 5. _______________
6. _______________
Proofreading 7–12. Proofread the letter below. Circle the
Hi, Theo!
What a terrific trip we’re having! We make frequant stops, and
7. _______________
we’ve been lucky to meet some fascinating people. Yesterday we
chatted with a dogsled racer who told us some amazing things 8. _______________
about the sport. The dogs–and the sledder–must have incredible
endurence. This racer works very hard to balence the dogs on 9. _______________
each team. The dogs have to be very intellegent and motivated,
10. _______________
since a single dog with a “bad attitude” can infulence the entire
team. The man was reluctent to discuss his own races, but we 11. _______________
heard later that he is a local champion.
See you in a few more weeks, 12. _______________
Brad

13. _______________
14. _______________
15. _______________
16. _______________

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Each Spelling Word has a Latin root. Study the words. Look for the Spelling Words
Latin root in each word. 1. permit
Sort the Spelling Words into three groups, according to their Latin 2. transfer
roots. Categories have been given for two groups. Fill in the category
3. dismissed
head for the third group as you are sorting.
4. suffer
-TRACT- 5. transmission
6. contracted
_______________________ _______________________ 7. commitment
8. attract
_______________________ _______________________
9. submit
10. references
11. offered
-MIT- / -MISS-
12. omit
13. admit
_______________________ _______________________ 14. distract
_______________________ _______________________ 15. subtraction
_______________________ _______________________ 16. refer

Your Own Words
_______________________ Look for other words with
these Latin roots to add to
the lists. You might read
conference and remit in a
news story. You might write
tractor and traction in a story
set on a farm.
_______________________ _______________________ 17. _______________
_______________________ _______________________ 18. _______________
_______________________ 19. _______________
20. _______________
Some English words have Latin roots.
• The Latin root -tract- means “to pull or drag.”
• The Latin root -mit- / -miss- means “to send.”
• The Latin root –fer- means “to bear or carry.”

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Spelling Clues: Check Spelling When you proofread your own

writing, read once just for spelling errors. During this reading, ignore
the sense of your sentences. Carefully study each word you have
written.
Look at these Spelling Words. If the word is misspelled, write it 1. _______________
correctly. If the word is not misspelled, place a check mark beside 2. _______________
the word and then copy the word.
1. permet 3. dismissed 5. transmision 3. _______________
2. transfir 4. suffer 6. contracked 4. _______________
5. _______________
Proofreading 7–12. Proofread these paragraphs. Circle the
It takes patience and comitment to gather information about
your own genealogy. You can atract the interest— and
assistance—of others by talking about your project. Relatives may
volunteer to submiss copies of old records for use in your project.
7. _______________
A friend’s refarences to his or her own family tree may lead you to
new information about your own. Even strangers can help! A new 8. _______________
acquaintance once ofered to look up information about my family
during a trip she was taking to explore her own roots. 9. _______________
You should carefully record all the information you gather; it’s
10. _______________
a mistake to omisse facts from your notes because you’re not sure
whether or how they are relevant. 11. _______________
12. _______________
13. _______________
14. _______________
15. _______________
16. _______________

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 21: Derived Words
Each Spelling Word is one of a pair of derived words. Look at the Spelling Words
words in pairs, and think about how the second word in each pair is 1. history
related to the first. Notice that the first word in each pair has the
2. historical
sound in its next-to-last syllable. That sound changes—although the
vowel spelling does not change—when a suffix is added to form the 3. family
second word in the pair. 4. familiar
Sort the pairs of Spelling Words into three groups, according to the 5. fantasy
changes in vowel sounds. 6. fantastic
7. company
TO R-CONTROLLED VOWEL
8. companion
9. editor
_______________________ _______________________
10. editorial
_______________________ _______________________ 11. colony
12. colonial
13. strategy
TO SHORT VOWEL 14. strategic
15. diplomacy
_______________________ _______________________ 16. diplomatic
_______________________ _______________________ Your Own Words

Look for other pairs of
_______________________ _______________________ derived words to add to the
lists. You might see Italy and
Italian in a travel brochure.
_______________________ _______________________ You might use mystery and
mysterious when you write
your own scary short story.
17. _______________
TO LONG VOWEL
18. _______________
_______________________ _______________________ 19. _______________
_______________________ _______________________ 20. _______________
Many words are formed by the addition of a suffix to a base

word. The addition of a suffix may change the vowel sound—but
not the vowel spelling—near the end of the base word.

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 21: Derived Words ( continued)
Spelling Clues: Checking Base Words When you write a word

with a suffix, think about the spelling of the base word. Make sure
you spell the base word correctly. Then make spelling changes
required by the addition of the suffix.
Look at the two possible spellings for each Spelling Word. Write the 1. _______________
1. stratiegic strategic 4. histry history
3. _______________
2. diplomacy diplomecy 5. company compeny
3. editer editor 6. historial historical 4. _______________
5. _______________
Proofreading 7–12. Proofread this letter. Circle the misspelled
Dear Gram,
I’m having a great time—and learning a lot! We went diving
yesterday and saw a huge coloney of sponges growing on the 7. _______________
bottom of the bay. We also saw some colorful coral. I learned that, 8. _______________
like the sponge, coral is a coloanial animal. (Don’t tell the rest of
the famly, but until then I had thought coral was a rock!) The 9. _______________
underwater colors are fantasic—bright blues and yellows and
even pinks! I know you’re familar with all these sights, because 10. _______________
you’ve been diving here yourself. 11. _______________
This trip is like a fanasy come true for me—I can’t wait to
come back! 12. _______________
Love,
Rosa
13. If you want to win a game of chess, you need this. 14. _______________
14. If you want to get along well with other people, you need to be
15. _______________
this.
15. If you want to express you own opinion—not just the facts—in 16. _______________
a newspaper, you need to write this.
16. If you want to take a trip, but you’re not allowed to go alone,
you need this.

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 22: More Derived Words
Each Spelling Word represents part of a word family. Look at the Spelling Words
words in pairs, and think about how the two words in each pair are 1. resignation
related.
2. receipt
Sort the pairs of Spelling Words into two groups. In the first group,
3. heir
write the pairs in which the addition of the suffix does not change the
spelling of the base word. In the second group, write the pairs in 4. softened
which the spelling of the base word changes with the addition of the 5. hasten
suffix. 6. autumn
7. autumnal
NO SPELLING CHANGE
8. softly
9. heritage
_______________________ _______________________
10. designated
_______________________ _______________________ 11. designed
_______________________ _______________________ 12. reception
13. signature
_______________________ _______________________
14. haste
_______________________ _______________________ 15. sign
_______________________ _______________________ 16. resign
Your Own Words
Look for other pairs of
derived words to add to the
SPELLING CHANGE lists. You might read deceive
and deception in a mystery
story. You might write reject
and rejection in a letter of
_______________________ _______________________ complaint.
_______________________ _______________________ 17. _______________
18. _______________
Many words are formed by the addition of a suffix to a base
19. _______________
word. In some words, the addition of the suffix does not change
the spelling of the base word. 20. _______________

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 22: More Derived Words ( continued)
Spelling Clues: Checking Spelling When you proofread your own

writing, read once just for spelling errors. During this reading, ignore
the sense of your sentences. Carefully study each word you have
written.
Proofread these Spelling Words. If the word is misspelled, write it 1. _______________
correctly. If the word is not misspelled, place a check mark beside 2. _______________
the word and then copy the word.
1. hast 4. softened 3. _______________
2. autumnal 5. heiritage 4. _______________
3. hier
5. _______________
Proofreading 6–12. Proofread the newspaper editorial. Circle the

6. _______________
CALL FOR BODINE TO STEP DOWN
7. _______________
The City News joins local leaders in calling for the resingation
of Joseph Bodine as head of our Animal Protection League. The 8. _______________
first sign of trouble surfaced last autum, with reports that puppies
were being given to children without the consent of their parents. 9. _______________
At that time, the City News reprinted a reciept for a ten-week-old
10. _______________
puppy. It had the signiture of an eight-year-old.
Since then, two City Council members have been desinnated 11. _______________
to investigate League practices. However, Bodine has refused to
12. _______________
cooperate. In light of this, the City News urges Mayor Chu to ask
Bodine to resine. If he refuses, we feel strongly that the Mayor
must hassen to fire Bodine.
14. _______________
15. _______________
16. _______________

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________

Unit 4 Review
Read the possible spellings for each word. Circle the letter of the correctly spelled
word.
Example: 6.
A) birth day A) magnificent
B) birth-day B) magnifacent
C) berthday C) magnificant
D) birthday D) magnifisent
1. 7.
A) heritage A) transmision
B) heritige B) transmisson
C) heiritage C) tranzmission
D) heiretige D) transmission
2. 8.
A) familar A) permitt
B) familiar B) perrmit
C) familyar C) permit
D) familer D) perrmitt
3. 9.
A) suceded A) committment
B) suceeded B) comittment
C) succeded C) comitment
D) succeeded D) commitment
4. 10.
A) confidense A) receipt
B) confedence B) recept
C) confidence C) reciept
D) confidince D) receit
5.
A) eligant
B) eligunt
C) elegant
D) elegent

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________

Circle the letter of the correctly spelled word.
Example: Do you have (A)change for a (B)qarter?
1. When you do (A)subtraction, you (B)ommit something.
2. She was (A)ofered the position because her (B)references were excellent.
3. The (A)heir is very proud of her (B)heiritage.
4. His most recent job (A)experience gave him the (B)confidance to apply for another position.
5. The (A)visitors followed (B)enstructions.
6. Did you study (A)coloneal (B)history?
7. The (A)autum leaves fall (B)softly.
8. He put his (A)signature on the (B)rezignation.
9. Her (A)strategy will (B)hassen matters.
10. We (A)designed the (B)structurs to be energy efficient.

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Activities
Synonym/Antonym Spelling What’s in a Word?

Work with a partner to review at least five Spelling Words. Give your affection
partner either a synonym or an antonym of a Spelling Word as a clue. Affection comes from the
Be sure to tell which you are using—a synonym or an antonym. Then Latin word affectio, from the
ask your partner to guess and spell the word. verb afficere, meaning “to
influence.” Today the word
usually means “a feeling of
Endurance Spelling fondness or love.”
With a partner, play a game to review the Spelling Words. Read the ♦ autumn
words, and ask your partner to spell each word aloud as quickly as The word autumn comes
possible. Then switch roles. Which of you can endure the pressure and from autumnus, the Latin
name for this season.
spell all the words correctly? Autumn’s more common
synonym, which is fall,
comes from an Old English
Picture Clues word and is probably related
Do this activity with a partner. Each partner should draw simple to words from Old German,
characters or scenes as clues to three different Spelling Words. Trade Old Norse, and Lithuanian.
drawings with your partner. Identify and write the correct Spelling ♦ commitment
Word under each of your partner’s clues. Commitment is a noun
formed by adding the suffix
-ment to the verb commit.
Spelling Crossword Commit can be traced to an
Review the Spelling Words, and choose at least seven words to use in a ancient Latin word that
includes the prefix com-,
crossword puzzle. Plan where each word will go in your puzzle, meaning “with,” and the verb
remembering that each word should share a letter with at least one other mittere, meaning “to send or
word. Draw a box for every letter of each word. Use other words to fill give over.” The prefix com-,
out your puzzle. Then write clues for each word. Ask a classmate to sometimes also spelled con-,
is part of many familiar
solve your puzzle. English words. Commitment
is a feature of the main
characters in many books.
endurance
The root of the word
endurance comes from the
ancient Latin verb durare,
meaning “to harden.” You
can identify the same root in
the English words durable,
duress, duration, and during.
Characters in many stories
show determination and
endurance.
Spelling Word.

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Activities
Your Own Usage Notes What’s in a Word?

With a partner, select four Spelling Words. Write usage notes— ♦ family
explanations or reminders for using words—for each of those words, The word family comes from
with a reminder or an explanation of the correct current usage. (You the Latin word familia,
may want to refer to a dictionary or another reference work.) Share your meaning “household.” In
ancient Rome, the familia
usage notes with the rest of the class. included everyone who lived
within the house— relatives
and servants. Over time,
Proofreading Partners patterns of living change,
Do this activity with a partner. Each of you should make a list of five and so do the meanings of
Spelling Words that give you trouble or that you consider challenging words. Families and family
relationships are important in
to spell correctly. Exchange lists. Each partner should write a paragraph many stories.
on any topic you choose. Use your partner’s five Spelling Words in
your paragraph, but misspell them. Then exchange papers, and portrait
proofread and correct each other’s paragraphs. Be sure each Spelling The word portrait has an
interesting history. We now
Word is spelled correctly. use the word to mean “a
drawing, painting, or
photograph of a person,
Suspenseful Titles showing especially the face”
Stories that are suspenseful often have titles that suggest a mystery or or “a vivid or imaginative
some danger. Work in a small group, and make up titles for suspenseful description.” The word
comes to us from a French
stories. Use some of the Spelling Words. word, which in turn derives
from the Latin verb
protrahere, meaning “to
Partner Spelling reveal.” A portrait often
Write clues for five Spelling Words. Then switch clues with a partner. reveals a great deal about a
Write the Spelling Words that match your partner’s clues. Then change person’s personality and
emotions, as well as
papers again and check each other’s answers. depicting his or her
appearance.
unique
Unique is a very strong word
that means “one of a kind.”
It’s better not to weaken this
word by saying that
something is “rather unique”
or “very unique.”
Spelling Word.

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 24: Greek Combining Forms
Each Spelling Word has a Greek combining form. Study the word, Spelling Words
and find the Greek combining form in each word. 1. geography
Sort the Spelling Words into three groups according to their Greek 2. photograph
combining forms. Category heads have been given for two groups.
3. paragraph
Fill in the category head for the third group as you are sorting.
4. thermometer
-AST(E)R- 5. diameter
asterisk 6. graph
7. meters
_______________________ _______________________ 8. astronomer
9. barometer
_______________________
10. biography
11. astronaut
12. kilometers
-GRAPH-
13. astronomy
telegraph
14. photography
15. centimeters
_______________________ _______________________
16. autograph
_______________________ _______________________
Your Own Words
_______________________ _______________________ these Greek combining
forms. You might find
_______________________ disaster or telegraph in a
first-person account of an
early twentieth-century
shipwreck.
_______________________ _______________________ 17. _______________
_______________________ _______________________ 18. _______________
_______________________ _______________________ 19. _______________
20. _______________
Some English words have Greek combining forms. Knowing the
meaning of Greek combining forms can help you understand
many English words.
• The Greek -ast(e)r- means “star.”
• The Greek -graph- means “write.”
• The Greek -meter- means “measure.”

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 24: Greek Combining Forms ( continued)
Spelling Clues: Greek Combining Forms When you write a word

that includes a Greek combining form, make sure you spell the
combining form correctly. Then decide if the rest of the word is also
spelled accurately.
Read the phrases below. Determine what missing combining form is 1. _______________
needed to spell each Spelling Word correctly. Then write the 2. _______________
Spelling Words to replace 1–5.
an infrared photo(1)___ 3. _______________
a Greek (2)___onomer 4. _______________
three centi(3)___ in diameter
5. _______________
geo(4)___y of the planet Earth
write a para(5)___
Proofreading 6–10. Correct this transmission to a rescue vehicle on 6. _______________

Mercury by circling each misspelled word. Write the words correctly
on the lines. 7. _______________
SOS. STATION THERMOMITER READS 49 DEGREES 8. _______________
CELSIUS. HEAT DEFLECTORS INADEQUATE. READINGS
ON BAROMITRE PREDICT ANOTHER SOLAR STORM 9. _______________
BEFORE NIGHTFALL. RADAR REPORTS YOUR LOCATION
10. _______________
AS 1,735 KILAMETERS EAST.TRAVELING AT 321 KPH.
PLEASE CONFIRM ASAP. STATION CANNOT RIDE OUT
ANOTHER STORM. IN EVENT OF OUR DEMISE,
CAPTAIN’S LOG AND BIOGAPHY BURIED 15 METRES
DUE EAST OF HQ AT LOCATOR SHAFT.
11. _______________
Working With Meaning Write the Spelling Word that goes with 12. _______________
each phrase or sentence below.
13. _______________
11. diagram comparing one or more things
14. _______________
12. capturing images
13. Galileo would have earned an A+ in this subject 15. _______________
14. a pair of radii 16. _______________
15. a name you can sell
16. a space pioneer

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 25: Number Prefixes
Each Spelling Word begins with a number prefix or combining form. Spelling Words
Study the words. 1. December
Sort the Spelling Words into groups. 2. October
3. quart
DEC- / DECI- OCT-
4. bicycle
decimeter octane
5. trio
6. monopoly
_______________________ _______________________
7. quartet
_______________________ _______________________ 8. tricycle
_______________________ 9. decade
10. octopus
11. decimal
QUADR- 12. quarters
BI- 13. triangles
(QUART-)
biannual
quadruple 14. binoculars
15. triple
_______________________ _______________________ 16. monotonous
Your Own Words
include number prefixes and
_______________________ combining forms. You might
find decathlon or quarterback
in a book about sports. You
might find quadrangle or
binary in a math book.
MON- /
TRI- 17. _______________
MONO-
triathlon
monarch 18. _______________
19. _______________
_______________________ _______________________
20. _______________
_______________________ _______________________
_______________________
mon-/mono- = “one” bi- = “two” tri- = “three”

quad- = “four” oct- = “eight” dec-/deci- = “ten”

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 25: Number Prefixes ( continued)
Spelling Clues: Checking Number Prefixes and Combining

Forms Knowing common number prefixes and combining forms can
help you understand and spell many English words.
Look at the two possible spellings for each Spelling Word. Write the
1. October Octber 4. triple tripel 2. _______________
2. treo trio 5. menotonous monotonous
3. _______________
3. desimal decimal 6. traingles triangles
4. _______________
Proofreading 7–12. Elena has made a list of things to take on a 5. _______________
cross-country bike tour. Here is a portion of the list. Circle the
bycicle
daypack
quat bottle for water 7. _______________
instant lemonade
8. _______________
pocket journal for Decmber
beefsticks 9. _______________
dried fruit
directions to sleeping quaters 10. _______________
maps
11. _______________
pocket Monoply game
sunblock 12. _______________
binoculars
Fun With Words Write a Spelling Word for each silly definition
below. Of course, these aren’t real definitions of the words. 13. _______________
13. a cat with eight sides 14. _______________
14. singing fours
15. _______________
15. a bike for triplets
16. a thirst-quencher for ten-year-olds 16. _______________

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 26: Spelling and Pronunciation
Earlier in this book, you studied words that are commonly Spelling Words
misspelled because they are commonly mispronounced. Here are 1. drowned
some more. Look at each Spelling Word.
2. restaurant
Sort the words according to the categories listed below.
3. ivory
OMITTED OMITTED 4. chocolate
SYLLABLE LETTER 5. desperate
interest breadth 6. lightning
7. adjective
_______________________ _______________________ 8. penetrate
9. aspirin
_______________________ _______________________
10. athletes
_______________________ _______________________ 11. identity
_______________________ _______________________ 12. disastrous
13. ecstatic
_______________________ _______________________
14. platinum
_______________________ _______________________ 15. incidentally
_______________________ _______________________ 16. tentatively
Your Own Words
Look for other words
commonly misspelled
ADDED SYLLABLE because they are sometimes
mispronounced to add to the
athletics lists. You might find
dangerous or thorough in a
detective story.
_______________________ _______________________
17. _______________
_______________________ _______________________
18. _______________
_______________________
19. _______________
20. _______________
Frequently mispronounced words are also often misspelled. To
spell a word correctly, think about the correct pronunciation.

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 26: Spelling and Pronunciation ( continued)
Spelling Clues: Commonly Misspelled Words Some words are

difficult to spell because they are often mispronounced. Sometimes 1. _______________
saying a word aloud or silently to yourself will help you know how 2. _______________
to spell it correctly.
Read each word below. Decide if a letter or letters are missing or if 3. _______________
there are extra letters. Then write the correct spelling of each 4. _______________
Spelling Word.
1. choclate 4. eckstatic 7. drownd 5. _______________
2. ajective 5. incidently 8. disasterous 6. _______________
3. platnum 6. lightening
7. _______________
Proofreading 9–12. Circle the misspelled words below. Then write 8. _______________
the words correctly on the lines.
Patient came in with severe lacerations to the right thumb. 9. _______________

Identy of bird causing lacerations unknown; however, claw was
allowed to pentrate 3–4 millimeters before patient was able to free 10. _______________
himself. 11. _______________
I removed a 1-millimeter piece of claw (ivery in color) from
patient’s thumb, treated the wound, and applied a bandage. 12. _______________
Patient told to take asprin for pain and released from care.
Fun With Words Circle the misspelled words in the cartoon below.
Write each Spelling Word correctly. 13. _______________
14. _______________
15. _______________
16. _______________

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 27: Suffixes -logy and -graphy
Each Spelling Word ends with the suffix -logy or -graphy. Study Spelling Words
each Spelling Word and note the suffix. Then sort the words into two 1. astrology
groups according to the suffix.
2. photography
3. oceanography
-LOGY -GRAPHY 4. biology
5. ecology
_______________________ _______________________ 6. bibliography
_______________________ _______________________ 7. geography
8. typography
_______________________ _______________________
9. geology
_______________________ _______________________ 10. mythology
_______________________ _______________________ 11. calligraphy
12. psychology
_______________________ _______________________
13. zoology
_______________________ _______________________ 14. choreography
_______________________ _______________________ 15. autobiography
16. theology
_______________________ _______________________
Your Own Words
_______________________ _______________________ Look for other words with the
suffix –logy or -graphy to add
to the lists. You may find the
word cosmology in an article
• The suffix –logy comes from Greek and means “science of” or about the universe. You
“study of.” might find demography in a
social studies book.
• The suffix –graphy also comes from Greek and means
“writing.” 17. _______________
18. _______________
19. _______________
20. _______________

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 27: Suffixes -logy and -graphy ( continued)
Spelling Clues: -logy and -graphy When you write, notice words
that end with -logy or -graphy. Make sure you have spelled the suffix 1. _______________
correctly. Then check the spelling of the base word. If the base word
2. _______________
doesn’t end in o, change the final letter to o (type/typography) or add
an o (ocean/oceanography). Use a dictionary if you are unsure of the 3. _______________
correct spelling or the meaning of the word.
4. _______________
Look at the two possible spellings for each Spelling Word.
Write the correct spelling. 5. _______________
6. _______________
1. astrology, astrology 4. bilogy, biology
2. oceanography, oceanography 5. theology, thelogy
3. typography, typegraphy 6. bibliography, bibliography
Proofreading 7–12. Proofread the paragraph below. Circle the 7. _______________

misspelled words. Then write the words correctly.
8. _______________
Dear Mom and Dad, I signed up for classes today. Boy, do 9. _______________
they look hard! On Mondays, I’m learning to take pictures in
my photogruphy class. After that, I’m learning about animals 10. _______________
in my zology class. On Tuesday, I’m taking two eclogy
classes where I learn about Earth and the world around us. 11. _______________
Not only that, but I have to read an autobography about a 12. _______________
famous scientist. Then on Wednesdays and Thursdays I have
a choreographgy class where I learn about dance. I also
have a callography class where I learn about ancient
writing. On Friday I have a spelling class . . . but I don’t
think I need it.
13. _______________
Fun with Words Write Spelling Words for 13–16.
13. “writing about the Earth” (geo) 14. _______________
14. “study of myths” 15. _______________
15. “study of the Earth” (geo)
16. _______________
16. “study of the mind” (psych)

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________

Unit 5 Review
Read each group of phrases. Find the underlined word that is misspelled. Circle
the letter of that phrase.
Example: 6.
A) tipped the canoe A) monotanous task
B) twisted an ankel B) triple play
C) hurried home C) use binoculars
D) concentrated hard D) study photography
1. 7.
A) experienced astronaut A) nine kilometers
B) art of calligraphy B) write a paragraph
C) read the barometer C) draw triangels
D) took a photograf D) ride a tricycle
2. 8.
A) rode a bicycle A) string quartet
B) a decade ago B) colorful ajective
C) the first of Decembre C) take aspirin
D) an October holiday D) chocolate cake
3. 9.
A) twelve centemeters A) able atheletes
B) wrote a biography B) desperate attempt
C) studied astronomy C) disastrous results
D) taught geography D) drowned in water
4. 10.
A) draw a graph A) studied ecology
B) use a thermometer B) known identity
C) decimil point C) mentioned incidently
D) quart of milk D) thunder and lightning
5.
A) noted astronomer
B) measured the diameter
C) held a monopoly
D) platenum ring

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________

My friends and I took a (1)bycycle trip across the United States. It wasn’t as comfortable as
driving in an (2)autamobile; however, the trip was never (3)monnotonous. Our (4)trio managed to
(5)penitrate the wide open spaces of America. At each site, one of us took a (6)photgrah as a
keepsake. Our study of the (7)geagraphy was fascinating! Each (8)restraunt served interesting
regional foods. I wish we’d compiled a (9)bibleography of menus! Best of all, our souvenirs from the
trip included an (10)autgraph from a famous movie star!
The number of each set matches the number of an underlined word above. Circle
the letter of the correctly spelled word.
1. 6.
A) bicicle A) fotograph
B) bycicle B) photograph
C) bycyle C) photograh
D) bicycle D) photgraph
2. 7.
A) autamabile A) geography
B) automabile B) geogruphy
C) automobile C) geagruphy
D) automobil D) geogrephy
3. 8.
A) monotonous A) restrunt
B) monottonous B) resterant
C) menotonous C) restaurant
D) monotous D) restrant
4. 9.
A) treeoh A) bibliography
B) trio B) bibleogruphy
C) treeo C) bibliogruphy
D) trioh D) bibleogrephy
5. 10.
A) penetrate A) autograh
B) penetrait B) autigraph
C) penitrait C) auttograph
D) penetrayt D) autograph

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Activities
Secret Messages What’s in a Word?

Do this activity with a partner. Each of you should write a secret ♦ astronaut
message using abbreviations. Exchange secret messages, and figure out Astronaut is a modern word
what word each abbreviation stands for. Write the words. Then that was formed by
exchange papers again, and check that the correct word has been used combining two ancient Greek
words. Astronaut literally
in place of each abbreviation. means “star traveler.”
camera
Say It Quickly Our word camera comes
Play this game in a group. The goal is speed. Going clockwise, players from camera obscura
take turns naming number prefixes or combining forms, such as demi-, (meaning “dark room” in
Latin). The first accounts of a
pent-, hex-, hept-, cent-, kilo-. As soon as a player names a prefix or a camera obscura come from
combining form, anyone can call out a word that begins with the prefix the tenth century. By the
or combining form. The first person to say a word beginning with that early sixteenth century, the
prefix or combining form gets a point, and the person who called out camera obscura was used to
project images on walls so
the prefix or combining form writes the word down. Then the next that they could be clearly
person in the circle calls out a prefix or a combining form, and the game drawn. Today, photography,
continues. The player with the most points wins. once an aid in sketching, has
often replaced realistic
drawing. For example,
Tongue Twisters naturalists once sketched the
wildlife they observed, but
Write a short tongue twister that includes at least three Spelling Words. now they usually take
Have a classmate check your spelling before he or she attempts to say photographs.
the tongue twister faster.
♦ chocolate
Our word chocolate comes
from Mexico. Chocolate was
a favorite drink of the Aztecs
centuries ago. Spanish
explorers brought chocolate
to Europe about A.D. 1500. It
didn’t take long for chocolate
to become popular.
Chocolate was first
manufactured in the
American colonies in 1765.
Although it was the Swiss
who perfected the
processing of milk chocolate
in about 1876, the United
States remains the world’s
leading chocolate producer.
Spelling Word.

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Activities
Proofreading Partners What’s in a Word?

Do this activity with a partner. Each of you should make a list of five hearth
Spelling Words that give you trouble or that you need to think about The word hearth conjures up
before you spell them correctly. Exchange lists. Each partner should feelings of warmth, security,
write a paragraph in which the other person’s five words are misspelled. and family. From earliest
times, humankind has
Then exchange papers, and proofread and correct each other’s gathered around a hearth—
paragraphs. Be sure each Spelling Word is spelled correctly. whether in a cave or in a
modern house.
Spelling Duet ♦ restaurant

Do this activity with a partner. Write each Spelling Word on a slip of The word restaurant is
related to the word restore.
paper. Fold the slips and put them in a container or a pile. Take turns The idea is that eating food
choosing a word and giving your partner as many one-word clues as in a restaurant can restore
necessary until he or she guesses the Spelling Word and spells it your strength or health.
correctly. An example of a series of clues would be glasses, birds, far Because eating is such an
essential part of life, you
(binoculars). might think that restaurant is
an ancient word.
Surprisingly, however,
Hiking Partners restaurants have existed
Do this activity with a partner. Each of you should write a paragraph only since the 1700s.
about some kind of hiking adventure. Use five Spelling Words in your
satellite
paragraph, but don’t write down the Spelling Words. Instead, leave The word satellite comes
blanks where the Spelling Words should go. Exchange papers, and fill from the Latin word satelles,
in the five Spelling Words that are missing from your partner’s meaning “attendant or
paragraph. Then exchange papers again, and check each other’s follower.” In fact, satellite still
can mean this. Today we are
spelling. more familiar with other
meanings. For example,
when we think of satellites,
we may think of the moon or
the Hubble space telescope.
Spelling Word.

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Each Spelling Word includes the Latin root -spir-, -form-, -ven-, or Spelling Words
-pend-. Like these words, hundreds of words in the English language 1. reform
consist of Latin roots to which prefixes and suffixes have been
2. respiration
added.
3. formation
As you look at each word, think about the meaning of the root. Then
sort the Spelling Words into four groups. 4. inspiration
5. inspired
-SPIR- -VEN- 6. convention
7. formula
_______________________ _______________________ 8. adventure
_______________________ _______________________ 9. depends
10. uniform
_______________________ _______________________
11. inventor
_______________________ 12. pending
13. invention
14. transformed
-FORM- -PEND- 15. perform
16. suspend
_______________________ _______________________ Your Own Words
Look for other words with the
_______________________ _______________________ Latin root -ven-, -spir-,
-form-, or -pend-. You might
_______________________ _______________________ see independent or
unconventional in a
character sketch. You might
_______________________ use information or appendix
in a research paper.
_______________________
17. _______________
_______________________
18. _______________
In general, the spelling of words with Latin roots closely follows 19. _______________
their pronunciation. The more familiar you become with
20. _______________
common roots, prefixes, and suffixes, the more easily you will be
able to spell these words.
• The Latin root -spir- means “breathe.”
• The Latin root -form- means “shape.”
• The Latin root -ven- means “come.”
• The Latin root -pend- means “hang.”

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Spelling Clues: Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes If you have difficulty

spelling a word, listen for roots or word parts you recognize. Think
about how those are spelled in words more familiar to you. Then
identify any prefixes or suffixes in the word, and again use your
knowledge of other words as a guide. 1. _______________
Proofread these words and decide which spelling in each pair is 2. _______________
correct. Circle the word that is correctly spelled. Then write the
correct spelling of each Spelling Word. 3. _______________
1. reform 4. insperation 4. _______________
riform inspiration
5. _______________
2. respiration 5. enspired
respieration inspired 6. _______________
3. fromation 6. convention
formation convintion
Proofreading 7–12. Read the following label. Circle the misspelled 7. _______________
words. Then write the words correctly on the lines.
8. _______________
At last! A formulia for making yourself invisible! This mixture is
simple to prepare and will fill the most tedious life with aventure. 9. _______________
The success of the mixture depens on combining several 10. _______________
substances until a unaform color is achieved. Instructions for
antidote to come later. 11. _______________
CAUTION: The inventer of this product has not been seen since
12. _______________
he first swallowed the substance. Pendding his reappearance, the
effectiveness of the antidote cannot be guaranteed.
Fun With Words Use Spelling Words to replace 13–16.

13. _______________
14. _______________
15. _______________
16. _______________

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 30: Multisyllabic Words
Each Spelling Word has either five or six syllables. Like these Spelling Words
words, many long words in English are made up of Greek or Latin 1. cooperation
word parts to which prefixes or suffixes have been added.
2. organization
Look at each word and pronounce each syllable carefully. Look for
3. administration
base words, word parts, and prefixes and suffixes. Then sort the
Spelling Words into two groups based on the number of syllables. 4. autobiography
5. agricultural
WORDS WORDS 6. identification
WITH FIVE WITH SIX
7. encyclopedia
SYLLABLES SYLLABLES
8. possibility
9. exceptionally
_______________________ _______________________
10. responsibilities
_______________________ _______________________ 11. characteristic
_______________________ _______________________ 12. recommendation
13. rehabilitation
_______________________ _______________________
14. acceleration
_______________________ _______________________ 15. simultaneously
_______________________ _______________________ 16. accumulation
_______________________ Your Own Words

five or more syllables. You
_______________________ might find quadrilateral in a
math word problem. You
_______________________ might use intergalactic or
extraterrestrial in a science
_______________________ fiction story.
17. _______________
The spelling of most long words follow their pronunciation 18. _______________
closely.
19. _______________
• Figure out the spelling of smaller words or base words
first, such as recommend in recommendation. 20. _______________
• Then spell the prefixes and suffixes.

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 30: Multisyllabic Words ( continued)
Spelling Clues: Pronunciation When you spell a word that has

many syllables, pronounce the word slowly and carefully. Then think
about the spelling of each part of the word. Since many spelling
difficulties occur in syllables with unstressed vowels, use your
knowledge of prefixes, suffixes, and word parts to help with these 1. _______________
syllables.
2. _______________
Proofread these words and decide which spelling in each pair is
correct. Circle the word that is correctly spelled. Then write the 3. _______________
correct spelling of each Spelling Word.
4. _______________
1. autobiogrophy 3. accumulation 5. axceleration
autobiography accummulation acceleration 5. _______________
2. coaperation 4. simultanously 6. agricultural 6. _______________
cooperation simultaneously agracultural
Proofreading 7–12. Proofread the following sentences. Circle the

misspelled word in each sentence. Then write the words correctly on 7. _______________
the lines.
• Scientists, pet owners, and volunteers help in the adminestration 8. _______________
of programs to train working animals. 9. _______________
• International Hearing Dog is an organazation that trains dogs to
assist hearing-impaired people. 10. _______________
• Some animals assist in the physical rehabilatation of people who 11. _______________
have been injured.
12. _______________
• Working animals wear laminated idenification cards.
• The responsabilities of people with working dogs include
managing their dogs’ behavior.
• Specialists sometimes make a recomendation concerning an
animal’s suitability for training.
13. _______________
14. _______________
15. _______________
16. _______________

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 31: More Greek Combining Forms
Each Spelling Word includes one of the following Greek combining Spelling Words
forms: -hydr-, -ology, -log-, or -scop-. These Greek combining 1. scope
forms, along with many others, form the basis of hundreds of words
2. carbohydrate
in the English language.
3. microscope
Look at the words and pronounce each one carefully. Think about
the meaning of the Greek combining form found in the word. Then 4. catalog
sort the Spelling Words into groups. 5. logic
6. biology
-HYDR- -LOG-
7. monologue
8. hydrant
_______________________ _______________________
9. technology
_______________________ _______________________ 10. analogy
_______________________ _______________________ 11. mythology
12. apologizing
_______________________
13. periscope
14. telescope
15. dehydrated
-OLOGY -SCOP- 16. psychology
Your Own Words
_______________________ _______________________ Look for other words with
these Greek combining
_______________________ _______________________ forms. You might read a
book about astrology to find
_______________________ _______________________ out about your horoscope in
a newspaper. You might use
_______________________ _______________________ hydroelectric or ecology in a
report on energy.
_______________________
17. _______________
18. _______________
Knowing the meaning of the Greek combining forms -hydr-
19. _______________
-log- -ology, and -scop- may help you spell many words derived
from them. 20. _______________
• The Greek combining form -hydr- means “water.”
• The Greek combining form -ology means “the study of”
or “the science of.”
• The Greek combining form -log- means “word.”
• The Greek combining form -scop- means “see.”

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 31: More Greek Combining Forms ( continued)
Spelling Clues: Combining Forms Use your knowledge of

combining forms when you check your spelling. If you think about
the meaning of a word, you can often determine whether the word
contains a familiar combining form or root. Then make sure the
combining form or root is spelled as you know it should be. 1. _______________
Proofread these words and decide which of each pair is correct. 2. _______________
Circle the word that is correctly spelled. Then write the correct
spelling of each Spelling Word. 3. _______________
1. monologue 3. hidrant 5. apologizing 4. _______________
monalogue hydrant apoligizing
5. _______________
2. logick 4. periscope 6. analigy
logic perascope analogy 6. _______________
Proofreading 7–12. Read the six rules for runners below. Circle the
misspelled word in each rule. Then write the words correctly on the
lines.
7. _______________
• Psycology is important—learn to think like a winner!
8. _______________
• Stock up on energy before a race. Food with a high
carbohidrate content will keep you going. 9. _______________
• It’s easy to become dehydrayted on a long run in hot
10. _______________
weather. Drink plenty of water before a race.
• Make sure the skope of any training program you begin 11. _______________
includes a variety of exercises.
12. _______________
• Tecknology has given athletes a tremendous variety of
sports gear to choose from. Choose comfortable running
shoes.
• Most books on running include a catolog of runners’
ailments. See a doctor if you have a running-related injury.
Working with Meaning Write the Spelling Word that answers each
question. 13. _______________
13. What would you read to learn about the Greek gods? 14. _______________
14. What instrument would you use to see the planets?
15. _______________
15. What instrument would you use to study tiny plants?
16. What subject would you explore to find out how living things 16. _______________
grow?

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 32: Noun Suffixes
Each Spelling Word ends in the suffix -ist,-eer,-ian, or -ie. When one Spelling Words
of these suffixes is added to a base word, it often changes the 1. artist
meaning of the word to “one who makes or does something.”
2. pioneer
As you look at each word, identify the base word to which each
3. librarian
suffix has been added. Then sort the Spelling Words into groups.
4. goalie
-IST -IAN 5. civilian
6. historian
_______________________ _______________________ 7. guardian
_______________________ _______________________ 8. scientist

9. biologist
_______________________ _______________________
10. volunteer
_______________________ _______________________ 11. musician
_______________________ 12. engineer
13. physician
_______________________
14. technician
_______________________ 15. politician
_______________________ 16. psychiatrist
Your Own Words
these suffixes. You might
-EER -IE see guitarist or pianist in a
concert review. You might
include cyclist or pedestrian
in a description of a street
_______________________ _______________________ scene.
_______________________ 17. _______________

_______________________ 18. _______________
19. _______________
The spelling of the base word sometimes changes when the suffix
–ist, -eer, -ie, or –ian is added, as in science/scientist, and 20. _______________
library/librarian.

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Lesson 32: Noun Suffixes ( continued)
Spelling Clues: Words with Suffixes Look carefully at words with

suffixes. First make sure you have spelled the suffixes correctly.
Then determine whether any spelling changes are required in the
base word.
Proofread these words and decide which spelling in each pair is 1. _______________
correct. Circle the word that is correctly spelled. Then write the 2. _______________
correct spelling of each Spelling Word.
1. politician 3. guardian 5. civilian 3. _______________
polititian gardian civilin 4. _______________
2. biolagist 4. engeneer 6. sientist
5. _______________
biologist engineer scientist
Proofreading 7–10. Proofread the following sentences. Circle the 6. _______________
misspelled word in each sentence. Then write the words correctly on
the lines.
• The technican checked the laboratory equipment and the list of
procedures. 7. _______________
• Sometimes the goalee slides on his stomach or back to block the
puck. 8. _______________
• The artest created huge metal sculptures. 9. _______________
• John Roebling was a pionneer in the design of suspension bridges.
10. _______________
Working with Meaning Read these Help Wanted ads. Write

Spelling Words to replace 11–16.
WANTED: For summer concert program, experienced (11)___ who
11. _______________
plays banjo or guitar.
WANTED: An enthusiastic (12)___ to donate five hours a week 12. _______________
tutoring young children.
13. _______________
IMMEDIATE OPENING: Part-time teaching job for (13)___ with
background in early Asian civilizations. 14. _______________
NORTH COUNTY has position for trained (14)___ to join staff of 15. _______________
community mental health center.
SUMMER JOB: (15)___ to help shelve and catalog children’s books 16. _______________
and magazines.
WANTED: Valley Clinic seeking (16)___ interested in practicing
family medicine in rural area.

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________

Unit 6 Review
Read each sentence. Circle the word correct or incorrect to tell whether the
underlined word is spelled correctly or incorrectly.
Example: She picked a honeycomb from the forest.
correct incorrect
1. Alexander Graham Bell is known for his invention of the telephone.
correct incorrect
2. The scientist uses a microskope to study bacteria.
correct incorrect
3. With the widespread use of computers today, office tecnology is greatly
improved.
correct incorrect
4. The organization my father works for grants scholarships to students who
have high grades.
correct incorrect
5. The libraryan helped me find the proper reference materials to complete
my report.
correct incorrect
6. I hope to take a course in psychology when I’m in high school.
correct incorrect
7. Did you receive the latest computer catolog?
correct incorrect
8. It takes a great deal of logic to solve some math problems.
correct incorrect
9. The new teacher asked for our coperation.
correct incorrect
10. I am interested in learning about advances made in the agricultural field.
correct incorrect

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________

Read each sentence Circle the letter of the correctly spelled word.
Example: The paper ______.

A) riped 6. Can you tell me the ______ for water.
B) ripped A) formila
C) rippd B) formule
D) ript C) formulah
D) formula
1. He ______ on you for everything.
A) depens 7. The speaker ______ us to begin recycling.
B) dependes A) inspired
C) depenes B) inspirad
D) depends C) inspyred
D) inspyrd
2. I enjoy the works of the ______ Monet.
A) artest 8. In ______ class, she is learning about
B) artist blood types.
C) artust A) byology
D) artast B) byalogy
C) biolagy
3. She was a ______ in the field of medicine.
D) biology
A) pioneer
B) pioner 9. When I look through a ______, I can see
many stars.
C) pionear
A) telscope
D) pionere
B) telescop
4. He often looks in the ______ for C) telescope
information.
D) telscap
A) encyclopia
B) encyclapedia 10. The chorus is going to ______ on Friday.
C) encyclopadia A) preform
D) encyclopedia B) perfarm
C) purform
5. There is a strong ______ we will move.
D) perform
A) possibility
B) possability
C) posibility
D) possibilty

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Activities
Remember Your Roots What’s in a Word?

Do this activity with a partner or in a small group. Write the Greek ♦ encyclopedia
word parts -hydr-, -log-, -ology, and -scop- on a set of cards. Each The word encyclopedia is
player should have a piece of paper and a pencil. One player should related to the word circle,
select one of the word-parts cards and place it face up. Then all the even though its present
meaning would not seem to
players have one minute to list as many words as they can think of that indicate this. The original
are based on the word part shown. Each correctly spelled word earns meaning of encyclopedia
one point. Continue until the four cards have been used. Then tally up was “a circle of learning, a
general education.” The
the points to determine the winner.
sense of encyclopedia as a
book comes from the idea
that it gives a full circle, or
Pair Off for Practice range, of information.
Work with a partner to make flash cards for all the Spelling Words.
Place the cards face down, and take turns picking a card and ♦ periscope
pronouncing the word for your partner to spell. When a player spells a The word periscope consists
of two Greek word parts:
word correctly, he or she gets to keep the card. If a word is incorrectly peri-, meaning “around,” and
spelled, it must be returned to the pile. Continue the practice until all -scop-, meaning “see.” A
the words have been correctly spelled. The partner with the most cards periscope is an instrument
that provides a view all
wins the practice match.
around, or on all sides.
Your Word Histories Spelling Word.
Have you kept up your collection of etymologies? Give it a twist by
creating a section of Latin roots and Greek roots found in the Spelling
Words and in other words you notice in your reading. Add these to your
dictionary as well. Keep separate pages for words from Latin and from
Greek.

Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date_______________________
Activities
Challenge Yourself What’s in a Word?

Choose eight Spelling Words that you find especially challenging. philanthropic
Write the definition of each word, using your own words or a dictionary Philanthropic people or
definition, on a separate card. Be sure not to write the word itself. Then organizations seek to help
go through your cards, writing the word that matches each definition. other people. They use their
own money to improve the
On each card, write a sentence using the word. education, health, or welfare
of others. The word
philanthropic comes from the
Proofreading Partners Greek philos, meaning
Do this activity with a partner. Each of you should make a list of five “loving,” combined with
Spelling Words that give you trouble or that you consider the most anthropos, meaning “man” or
“human being.” A
challenging in the unit. Exchange lists. Each partner should write a philanthropist, therefore, is
paragraph using your partner’s five Spelling Words, but misspelling one who loves his or her
them. Then exchange papers, and proofread and correct each other’s fellow human beings.
paragraphs. Be sure each Spelling Word is spelled correctly.
♦ psychiatrist /
psychology
Synonym Spell-Check The words psychiatrist and
psychology are unusual
Work with a partner to review some of your Spelling Words. Think of words in that they begin with
synonyms for four Spelling Words. Give your partner each synonym in the letters ps but have the
turn, and ask him or her to identify and then spell the Spelling Word. sound of “sigh.” These words
come from the name
Psyche, a goddess of
ancient Greece. Psyche was
a princess who was thought
to represent the human soul
or spirit. Her name was given
to studies of the human mind
or human nature.
radiologist
A radiologist is a specialist in
using X-rays and other forms
of radiology. Do you wonder
why the word radio is part of
radiologist? In Latin, radius
means “ray”—a beam of light
or other kind of energy. The
waves of electric impulses
that radios receive and send
are related to the high-
energy waves that
radiologists study.
Spelling Word.

Spelling Dictionary

Spelling Table

accelerate antidote
A ad·jec·tive [ajík·tiv] n. a word that modifies a noun or
ac·cel·er·ate [ak·sel´ə·rāt´] v. 1. to increase in speed: pronoun: In the sentence “The purple sweater is
When you step on the gas pedal, a car mine,” purple is an adjective.
accelerates. 2. to cause to happen sooner; to speed ad·min·is·tra·tion [ad·minís·trā´shən] n. the act of
up: She accelerated her studies by doing extra managing or governing: The administration of her
work. company is very efficient.
ac·cel·er·a·tion [ak·sel´ə·rā´shən] n. the process of ad·mi·ra·ble [ad´mə rə bəl] adj. deserving the highest
increasing in speed: Warm, moist conditions esteem; excellent: The woman’s commitment to
cause the acceleration of decay. the cause was admirable.
ac·cent [ak´sent] n. 1. the extra force or emphasis given ad·mit [ad·mit´] v. 1. to confess or acknowledge: She
to a spoken word or syllable, or the mark used to admits that she made a mistake. 2. to allow to
indicate such emphasis: In pronouncing the word enter: This ticket admits one student to the
“accept,” place the accent on the second syllable. performance.
2. a way of pronouncing words that is characteristic ad·ven·ture [ad·venćhər] n. 1. a dangerous or difficult
of a particular region or country: Jean-Luke, who undertaking: He said he climbed mountains
just moved here from Paris, speaks with a simply for the adventure. 2. a thrilling or unusual
French accent. 3. emphasis: In my family, the experience: I had quite an adventure when I
accent is on cooperation. visited the theme park.
ac·cept [ak·sept´] v. 1. to receive something that is ad·ver·tise [ad´vər·tīz´] v. to make known publicly: To
offered, such as a gift, award, or invitation: They sell our product we will advertise widely.
accepted our invitation to stay for the night. 2. to ad·vise [ad·vīs´] v. to suggest a course of action; to give
agree to: Both countries accepted the terms of the advice to: I’d advise you to review your notes
cease-fire agreement. carefully before the quiz.
ac·ces·si·ble [ak ses´ə bəl] adj. capable of being ag·ri·cul·tur·al [ag´rə·kulćhər·əl] adj. having to do
approached or entered; easy to reach: The storage with farming: Jake wants to take over his
room is accessible either from the bedroom or family’s farm, so he went to an agricultural
the kitchen. college in Texas.
ac·com·mo·date [ə·kom´ə·dāt´] v. 1. to have or make a·nal·o·gy [ə·nal´ə·jē] n. a comparison in which two
room for; to provide a place to stay or sleep: This seemingly unrelated things are shown to be similar
hotel room can accommodate four people. 2. to in some way: An analogy can be made between
do a favor for: I’d accommodate you, but I have the human brain and a computer’s memory.
an appointment and can’t give you a ride home. an·a·lyze [an´ə·līz´] v. to find out what something is
ac·com·pa·ny [ə·kum´pə·nē] v. to come or go along like by separating it into parts; to examine closely:
with someone or something else: Will a parent or The skater watched video tapes of her past
teacher accompany your class on the field trip? performance and analyzed her mistakes.
syn. escort an·nounce [ə·nouns´] v. to make known publicly or
ac·com·plish [ə·kom´plish] v. to carry out or complete: officially: The winner of the contest will be
I can accomplish the task asked of me, but I announced next Friday.
need some supplies. an·noy [ə·noi´] v. to bother or irritate: Does the sound
ac·cor·di·on [ə´ kōr dē ən] n. a portable keyboard wind of the TV annoy you when you are studying?
instrument in which the wind is forced past free an·ti·bi·ot·ic [an´tē·bī otík] n., substance produced by
reeds using a hand-operated bellows: The polka mold or bacteria and used in medicine to kill or
band used an accordion for many songs. slow disease-causing bacteria: The doctor
ac·cu·mu·la·tion [ə·kyōōmýə·lā´shən] n. something prescribed antibiotics to combat the infection.
that has been gathered together: There has been an an·ti·dote [an´ti·dōt´] n., medicine or other remedy to
accumulation of four feet of snow since the counteract the effects of poisons; any counteracting
blizzard began. remedy. Work is an antidote for boredom.

antislavery attitude
an·ti·slav·er·y [an´ti·sla´vər ē] n., opposition to the ar·tist [är´·tist] n. a person who is skilled in one of the
practice of owning slaves. The antislavery arts, such as painting, music, literature, or dancing:
movement disrupted plantation life in the South. Pablo Picasso was a great artist whose style has
an·ti·so·cial [an´tē·sōc´shəl] adj., averse to been imitated by many other artists.
companionship or the society of others. Her as·pi·rin [as´pər·in] n. a kind of medicine that lowers
antisocial behavior concerned her parents. fever and reduces pain: Aspirin is usually taken in
a·pol·o·gize [ə·pol´ə·jīz´] v., apologizing to say that one the form of a tablet.
is sorry for some error or action, to express regret: I as·trol·o·gy [əs trol´ə·jē] n. study and interpretation of
apologized to Seth for interrupting him. how heavenly bodies influence events and lives.
ap·point [ə·point´] v. to select for a particular duty or Although she doesn’t believe in astrology, Jessee
office: The governor announced that he would enjoys reading her horoscope every day.
appoint a special committee to look into the as·tro·naut [as´trə·nôt´] n. a person who travels in
questionable situation. space or who navigates a spacecraft: John Glenn
ap·proach [ə·prōch´] v. to come near to: The plane is was the first American astronaut to orbit the
approaching the runway, and I am getting earth.
nervous about taking off in the snow. as·tron·o·mer [ə·stron´ə·mər] n. a person who studies
ap·prove [ə·prōōv´] v. to think that something is good astronomy: The astronomer pointed out Saturn
or right: I approve of your decision to study and Jupiter to everyone at the planetarium.
Spanish next year. as·tron·o·my [ə·stron´ə·mē] n. the science that deals
arc·tic [är(k)´tik] n. 1. the region around the North with stars, planets, comets, galaxies, and other
Pole: The Arctic has no snow or ice in the bodies in space: Astronomy began in ancient
summer months. 2. adj. very cold; freezing: times and is one of the oldest sciences.
Alaska and many areas of Canada have arctic ath·lete [ath´lēt´] n. a person who has a skill in sports
temperatures for more than four months of the or physical exercise: Athletes from all over the
year. world compete in the Olympic Games.
ar·range [ə·rānj´] v. 1. to place in a certain way: I at·ten·dance [ə·ten´dəns] n. 1. the act of being present:
arranged the flowers in a large vase. 2. to plan or Your attendance at the assembly is required. 2.
prepare for: I’m arranging for Tim to drive you the number of people present: The attendance at
to the airport. the football game was over 85,000.
ar·range·ments [ə·rānj´mənts] n. plans or preparations: at·ti·tude [at´ə·t(y)ōōd´] n. a way of thinking or feeling;
A travel agent made all the arrangements for a point of view: Food servers get good tips when
our trip to Hawaii. they give restaurant patrons excellent service
ar·ray [ə·rā´] n. 1. an orderly arrangement: The cadets and have a friendly attitude.
were lined up in military array. 2. a vast
collection: People came from all over to see the Pronunciation Key
array of crown jewels. a add ō open th thin
ar·rest [ə·rest´] v. 1. to take into custody by legal ā ace ô off th this
authority: The rookie police officer arrested his â(r) care oi oil zh vision
primary suspect. 2. to stop suddenly: Can fluids ä palm ŏŏ took
and vitamin C arrest a cold? 3. to attract and e end ōō pool ə a in about
hold: Barry waved his arms and arrested ē equal ou out e in listen
someone’s attention.] i it u up i in pencil
ar·rive [ə·rīv´] v. 1. to reach a destination: Their train ī ice û(r) burn o in melon
arrived at 2:45 p.m. 2. to be at hand: The day of o odd yōō use u in circus
the exam arrived all too soon.

attract biologist
at·tract [ə·trakt´] v. to get the interest or attention of; ban·jo [ban´jō] n. a musical instrument that is similar to
draw toward oneself or itself by some force or a guitar: A banjo has a small, round body; a long
action: A bright light will often attract insects at neck; and four or five strings.
night. ba·rom·e·ter [bə·rom´ə·tər] n. an instrument that
au·to·bi·og·ra·phy [ô´tə·bī·og´rə·fē] n. the story of a measures air pressure and is widely used to forecast
person’s own life: Ben Franklin’s account of his the weather: If a barometer shows a drop in air
own life was the first important American pressure, a storm is probably on the way.
autobiography. bar·ri·er [bar´ē·ər] n. anything that blocks the way,
au·to·graph [ô´tə·graf´] n. a person’s own signature: stops movement, or separates: A barrier was put
The fans waited outside the dressing room to get up to keep cars away from that street while the
the star’s autograph. traffic signals were being repaired.
au·to·mo·bile [ô´tə·mə·bēl´] n. a four-wheeled vehicle be·liev·a·ble adj. capable of being believed. The
that carries passengers and is usually powered by a student’s story about the lost book was not
gasoline engine: The use of the automobile has believable.
changed life in most countries. syn. car be·lieve [bi lēv´] v. to accept as true or real; to be of the
au·tumn [ô´təm] n. the season of the year that comes opinion that something is true: I believe the
between summer and winter: In autumn the leaves weather is supposed to become severe
change to brilliant reds, yellows, and oranges. tomorrow.
syn. fall berth [bûrth] n. 1. a space for sleeping on a train or
au·tum·nal [ô·tumńəl] adj. of or having to do with ship: She slept in an upper berth during her
autumn: Since it’s January, this autumnal train trip across the country. 2. a space at a wharf
weather is very odd. where a ship may dock: The liner pulled into its
awe·some [ô´səm] adj. causing a feeling of fear, berth to unload its passengers and cargo.
wonder, and respect, usually due to size or strength: bev·er·age [bev´rij or bev´ər·ij] n. a drink: Orange
The Grand Canyon is truly an awesome sight. juice is a beverage that people often drink at
awk·ward [ôk´wərd] adj. 1. not graceful: She’s been breakfast.
practicing, but she made an awkward move. syn. bib·li·og·ra·phy [bib´lē og´rə fē] n. list of books or
clumsy 2. difficult or embarrassing: There was an other works of literature on a specific topic or
awkward silence at the dinner table after he person: The reference book detailed the proper
asked a question. format for the bibliography required for the
B project.
back·ward [bak´wərd] adv. toward the back; in reverse bi·cy·cle [bī´sik·əl] n. a vehicle with two large wheels,
order: Mark can say the alphabet backward as one behind the other: Mom exercises every day on
fast as he can say it in the usual way. a stationary bicycle.
bak·er·y [bak´(ə·)rē] n. a place where baked goods such bin·oc·u·lars [bə·nokýə·lərz] n. two short telescopes
as bread, cake, and cookies are prepared and sold: that are fastened together so that a person can view
The delicious smell in the bakery always makes distant objects with both eyes: Our seats are in the
me hungry. top row of the stadium, so we’ll need binoculars
bal·ance [bal´əns] 1. n. a condition in which two to help us see the field more clearly.
opposing items or forces are equal, as in strength, bi·og·ra·phy [bī·og´rə·fē] n. the story of a person’s life:
weight or value: Some people haven’t figured out Last week we watched a TV special—a
how to achieve a balance between work and biography of President John Kennedy.
play. 2. v. to keep one’s body in a desired position bi·ol·o·gist [bī·ol´ə·jist] n. a person who studies or is an
without falling: I balanced unsteadily on the new expert in biology: Andrea is taking several
ice skates. science courses so that she can become a
biologist.

biology century
bi·ol·o·gy [bī·ol´ə·jē] n. the science that deals with cal·lig·ra·phy [kə·lig´re fē] n. elegant penmanship;
living things and their growth, development, and beautiful handwriting: The girls created fancy
reproduction: Botany and zoology are two invitations using the calligraphy they learned at
branches of biology. camp.
birth [bûrth] n. 1. the act or fact of being born: Jack’s cam·ou·flage [kam´ə·fläzh´] n. certain materials used to
relatives celebrated his birth. 2. the beginning of change the appearance of something, in order to
something: The Declaration of Independence in hide or protect it: The soldiers wore camouflage
1776 represents the birth of the United States. to protect themselves in the jungle.
syn. origin car·bo·hy·drate [kär´bō·hī´drāt´] n. any of a group of
both·er [both´r] v. to annoy or irritate: When my sister chemical compounds consisting of carbon,
stops bothering me, I will study. hydrogen, and oxygen that are made by plants
bound·a·ry [boun´də·rē or boun´drē] n. the outer limit during photosynthesis: Sugar is one kind of
or edge of something: A fence marks the carbohydrate.
boundary of their property. car·ry [kar´ē] v. to transport from one place to another:
bril·liant [brilýənt] adj. 1. very bright or vivid: The The truck was carrying a load of fruit to the city.
brilliant sunshine felt wonderful on our faces. cat·a·log [kat´ə·lôg´ or kat´ə·log´] n. a list of things for
2. extremely intelligent: Jenna is a brilliant sale or for use, often including descriptions: Many
student. 3. splendid; magnificent: I thought our people shop for clothes through mail-order
dance troupe put on a brilliant performance. catalogs.
buf·fa·lo [buf´ə·lō] n. an animal that is similar to an ox, cel·e·brate [sel´ə·brāt´] v. to mark an event or occasion
with a large, round body and curved horns: In in a special way: We’ll celebrate your birthday by
many movies about the old West, buffalo roam going out to dinner.
the plains. cen·ti·me·ter [sen´tə·mē´tər] n. a unit of length that is
buf·fet [bŏŏ·fā´] n. 1. a meal at which the guests serve equal to one-hundredth of a meter: There are
themselves from stationary platters of food: At a about 2.54 centimeters in 1 inch.
buffet, you can usually serve yourself as much cen·tu·ry [senćhə·rē] n. a period of one hundred years:
and as often as you like. 2. a piece of furniture During the twentieth century, there were two
with drawers and shelves for storing silver, world wars.
glassware, or table linens: We keep our good
china in the buffet in the dining room. Pronunciation Key
bu·gle [byōō´gəl] n. a kind of small trumpet without a add ō open th thin
valves, used to sound a call, especially in the armed ā ace ô off th this
forces: “Reveille” and “Taps” are calls played on â(r) care oi oil zh vision
the bugle. ä palm ŏŏ took
C e end ōō pool ə a in about
cal·cu·late [kal´kyə·lāt´] v. to figure using mathematics: ē equal ou out e in listen
She will calculate our scores on the test by i it u up i in pencil
multiplying the number of correct answers by ī ice û(r) burn o in melon
four. o odd yōō use u in circus

characteristic compel
char·ac·ter·is·tic [karík·tə·ris´tik] 1. adj. showing the clar·i·net [klar´ə·net´] n. a woodwind instrument with a
nature of something: White is the characteristic high-pitched tone: The clarinet has a narrow
color of a polar bear. syn. typical. 2. n. a special body with a flared end.
quality: Generosity is a characteristic of people clas·si·cal [klasí·kəl] adj. 1. having to do with ancient
who give money to charity. syn. trait Roman and Greek culture: Most of her paintings
cheat [chēt] v. to act unfairly or dishonestly: The depict a classical style of architecture.
teacher stayed in the room during the exam to 2. following a strict, established form: Jenny’s
be sure that no one was cheating. mother wants her to study classical music. [5]
child·ish [chīl´dish] adj. in the manner of or proper for co·lo·ni·al [kə·lōńē·əl] adj. having to do with a colony
a child, but inappropriate for an adult: No one or colonies, especially the thirteen original
thought Jeff’s childish behavior was funny, American colonies: Life in colonial America was
especially since he’s 33 years old. syn. immature different from life today.
choc·o·late [chôk´(ə·)lit or chok´(ə·)lit] n. a food col·o·nist [kol´ə·nist] n. a member of a colony; one who
product made of ground cacao beans, used in helps establish a colony: The colonists cherished
candies and in baking: The usual color of the customs of their homelands.
chocolate is brown. col·o·ny [kol´ə·nē] n. a group of people who settle in a
cho·re·og·ra·phy[kor´ē og´rə fē] n. the art of creating distant land but are ruled by the government of
or arranging dance and creative movement, as in their native country: Massachusetts was a British
ballet or modern dance: The gymnast used colony before it became part of the United
choreography in her floor exercise routine. States.
chute [shōōt] n. a vertical or sloping passage through com·fort·a·ble [kum´ fər tə bəl] adj. providing physical
which things can be dropped or passed: The only ease or comfort; free from mental or physical
chore I still have to do is gathering dirty clothes distress; adequate: The air conditioning made the
and throwing them down the laundry chute. small room very comfortable.
cin·na·mon [sin´ə·mən] n. an aromatic reddish-brown com·mit·ment [kə·mit´mənt] n. a pledge or obligation:
spice that comes from the bark of a tropical tree: The basketball player made a commitment to
Cinnamon is used as a flavoring in apple pie. finish college before turning professional.
cir·cle [sûr´kəl] n. 1. a closed, flat curve on which every com·pan·ion [kəm·panýən] n. a person who associates
point is equally distant from a point at the center: with or goes along with another: On the quiz
Circles are geometric figures. 2. anything that has show, she won a trip to Hawaii for herself and a
this round shape: I was dizzy from turning companion. syn. comrade
around and around in circles. com·pa·ny [kum´pə·nē] n. 1. a group of people who
cir·cu·lar [sûr´ kyə·lər] 1. adj. shaped like a circle; join together to do business: My friend loves her
continuously curving: My favorite part of the co-workers at the telephone company.
house was the circular staircase. 2. n. a letter or 2. someone who comes to visit; a guest or guests:
advertisement that is distributed to many people: We usually eat in the dining room when we have
The new restaurant sent out a circular in the company.
Sunday paper to announce its grand opening. com·pat·i·ble [kum pat´ ə bəl] adj. capable of existing
ci·vil·ian [sə·vilýən] 1. adj. not having to do with or together in harmony; congenial; consistent: The
belonging to the armed forces: A soldier who is off new puppy and the family cat were not
duty can change out of his or her uniform into compatible.
civilian clothes. 2. n. a person who is not a member com·pel [kəm·pel´] v. compelled to force an action:
of the armed forces: During the war, many The prisoners were compelled to march quickly
civilians worked in defense plants. in single file.

composer December
com·pos·er [kəm·pō´zər] n. a person who makes up or of the high winds. 2. to restrain; hold back: Kim
creates something, especially music: Johann controlled her temper more effectively after the
Sebastian Bach is a famous composer. seminar.
com·po·si·tion [kom´pə·zish´ən] n. 1. the makeup of con·ven·tion [kən·ven´shən] n. 1. the usual or accepted
something: The basic chemical composition of way of doing things: Shaking hands when
water is two parts hydrogen and one part meeting someone is a convention in this country.
oxygen. 2. something that is put together: Mozart 2. a formal meeting for some purpose: He will
wrote musical compositions. 3. a short essay: I attend the booksellers’ convention next month.
had to write a composition for English class. co·op·er·ate [kō·op´ə·rāt´] v. to work together for some
com·pro·mise [kom´prə·mīz´] n. an agreement between purpose: The witness cooperated with the police.
opposing sides in which each side gives up some of co·op·er·a·tion [kō·op´ə·rā´shən] n. assistance: The
its demands: The union members voted whether mayor thanked his workers for their cooperation
or not to accept the compromise. in his reelection campaign.
con·cert [kon´sûrt] n. a musical performance: Amy is cor·ri·dor [kôr´ə·dər] n. a narrow hallway with rooms
singing a popular folk song at the concert. opening onto it: We are not supposed to run in
con·duc·tor [kən·duk´tər] n. a person who leads or any corridor at school.
directs: The conductor raised his baton, and the cou·pon [k(y)ōō´pon] n. a ticket or advertisement that
concert hall grew silent. entitles the bearer to something: If you have a
con·fi·dence [kon´fə·dəns] n. a feeling of trust or coupon, our supermarket gives you credit for
assurance: Martha has confidence in her coach twice the amount.
and follows all his suggestions. crit·i·cize [krit´ə·sīz´] v. to find fault with; judge
con·grat·u·late [kən·grach´ə·lāt´] v. to express one’s harshly: If you constantly criticize my work, I’ll
pleasure at the achievement or good fortune of find a new art teacher.
another: Everyone crowded around and D
congratulated him on winning the race. de·ac·ti·vat·ed [de ak´tə vā təd] v. cause to cease to
con·sid·er [kən·sid´ər] v. to think about carefully: The function or operate: The bank deactivated the
team carefully considered the trade of the two account.
players. To allow for, take into account: The boys dec·ade [dek´ād´] n. a period of ten years: From 1990
considered the consequences of skipping the to 2000 was a decade.
class before they elected to attend. de·cay [di·kā´] v. to rot or decompose: Brian’s teeth
con·sid·er·a·tion [kən·sid´ə rā´shən] n. the act of were decaying because he was not practicing
considering or taking into account; careful thought: proper oral hygiene.
I will take your request into consideration along De·cem·ber [di·sem´bər] n. the twelfth month of the
with all the others. year: December is the month that follows
con·stant [kon´stənt] adj. happening in an unchanging November.
or uninterrupted way: There was a constant sound
of traffic from the nearby freeway. Pronunciation Key
con·struct [kən·strukt´] v. to make or build: The city is a add ō open th thin
constructing a new library near the lake. ā ace ô off th this
con·tract [kən·trakt´] v. 1. to make a binding â(r) care oi oil zh vision
agreement: The artist contracted with the ä palm ŏŏ took
publisher to illustrate a book. 2. to draw together e end ōō pool ə a in about
and take up less space: The metal contracted in ē equal ou out e in listen
the cold. syn. shrink i it u up i in pencil
con·trol [kən·trōl´] v., controlling 1. to manage or ī ice û(r) burn o in melon
operate: The pilot controlled the airplane in spite o odd yōō use u in circus

decide diplomacy
de·cide [di sīd´] v. to make up one’s mind; resolve: The de·pos·it [di·pozít] v. 1. to set down or place: We
customer decided to purchase the new product. rushed in for dinner and deposited our books on
dec·i·mal [des´ə·məl] adj. having to do with or based the table in the hall. 2. to put down in the form of
on the number 10: A fraction with a denominator a layer: The ocean is constantly depositing sand
of 10 or a multiple of 10, such as 100, is called a on the beach. 3. to give over for safekeeping: I’ve
decimal fraction. been depositing my allowance in a bank.
de·cline [di·klīn´] v. 1. to refuse politely: She declined de·sign [di·zīn´] v. to create a plan for: That house was
the invitation to the party because she was too designed by the famous architect Frank Lloyd
busy to go. 2. to become less numerous or strong: Wright.
Your health may decline if you don’t exercise des·ig·nate [dezíg·nāt´] v. 1. to point out; indicate: The
regularly. sign designated the principal’s office. 2. to name
de·crease [di krēs] v. to become less; diminish: The or stand for: Casey was designated as our class
number of traffic accidents decreased last year. delegate to the meeting.
To cause to become less, reduce: Drivers de·sir·a·ble [di zīr´ə bəl] adj. worth having or pursuing;
decreased their driving speeds to obey the posted possessing qualities worthy of desire; pleasing;
speed limits. beautiful: The lake on the property made it a
de·duc·tion [di·duk´shən] n. 1. an amount subtracted: very desirable location for the summer festival.
The judges take a deduction from the score for des·per·ate [des´pər·it] adj. ready to do anything
each error a performer makes. 2. a conclusion because of having little hope or choice: There is a
based on reasoning, or the process of reaching such desperate criminal on the run. 2. critical or
a conclusion: I had to make a logical deduction. extreme: He had a desperate need for money, so
de·feat [di·fēt´] v. to conquer or overcome: The voters he begged his friend for some.
defeated the proposal. de·stroy [di·stroi´] v. to ruin or put an end to: Our sand
de·fect [dē´fekt´ or di·fekt´] n. a flaw or missing castle was destroyed by a huge wave.
element: The studio sells pottery that isn’t de·struc·tion [di·struk´shən] n. great ruin or damage:
perfect, but the defects are hardly noticeable. The tornado left a path of destruction.
de·form [di·fôrm´] v. to spoil the form of, to cause to be di·am·e·ter [dī·am´ə·tər] n. a straight line that passes
misshapen: The heat caused the plastic cups to through the center of a circle and divides the circle
become deformed. into two equal parts: Draw a circle with a
de·frost [di frôst] v. to make or become free of frost: diameter of six inches.
The cook defrosted the frozen vegetables. dic·tion·ar·y [dik´shən·er´ē] n. a book that lists words
de·hy·drate [dē·hī´drāt´] v. to lose water; dry up: The in alphabetical order and gives information about
plants on the back porch had dehydrated in the the words, such as their meanings and
hot sun. pronunciations: That dictionary has quotations
de·pend [di·pend´] v. 1. to trust or rely upon someone: showing how words are used by famous writers.
Mom depends on me to walk the dog every dif·fer·ent [dif´(ə·)rənt] adj. 1. not alike: Her taste in
morning. 2. to be determined by something else: clothing is very different from her twin sister’s.
How quickly we finish depends on how soon we 2. separate or distinct: You’ll need two different
start and how hard we work. folders—one for homework and one for tests.
de·pen·dent [di·pen´dənt] adj. 1. relying on someone or di·plo·ma·cy [di·p1ō´mə·sē] n. the management of
something else for support: Children are relations between countries without going to war:
dependent on their parents for love and care. The office of Secretary of State should be filled
2. controlled or decided by something else: The by a person who is highly skilled in diplomacy.
size of the voter turnout is dependent upon the
weather.

diplomatic ecology
dip·lo·mat·ic [dip´lə·matík] adj. skillful in dealing throwing away: Please dispose of the can
with others: Debra was very diplomatic; she told properly.
Scott what she thought without hurting his dis·solve [di·zolv´] v. 1. to pass into solution or become
feelings. syns. tactful, discreet liquid: The sugar dissolved in the hot tea. 2. to
dis·a·bled [dis·ā´bəld] adj. being without certain melt; fade away; vanish: The last scene in the
abilities: Parking places have been provided movie dissolved into the credits.
close to stores for people who are physically dis·tract [dis·trakt´] v. to draw (a person’s) attention
disabled. away from something else: When Michael is at
dis·ad·van·tage [dis´əd·van´tij] n. 1. something that work, he wears ear plugs so that no noise will
stands in the way of success: His lack of education distract him.
was a disadvantage. 2. an unfavorable situation: doc·u·men·ta·ry [dokýə·men´tər·ē] adj. based on facts
Asthma and a small cold were disadvantages the or documents: A documentary film interprets
gymnast overcame during the competition. facts for education or entertainment.
dis·ap·pear [dis´ ə·pir´] v. 1. to pass out of sight: The doubt [dout] v. to have a feeling of distrust or
sun slowly disappeared below the horizon. syn. uncertainty about someone or something: Based on
vanish 2. to pass out of existence: Dinosaurs his past performance, I doubt that he will make
disappeared from Earth thousands of years ago. a good chairperson.
dis·ap·point·ment [dis´ə·point´mənt] n. a feeling of not doubt·ful [dout´fəl] adj. 1. uncertain: A pessimist will
having one’s wishes or expectations fulfilled: Not always expect a doubtful outcome.
getting the part in the play was a tremendous 2. questionable: Tom, the playground bully, has
disappointment to Suzanne. acquired a doubtful reputation.
dis·as·trous [di·zas´trəs] adj. causing great damage: A doubt·less [dout´ləs] adv. without doubt; certainly:
disastrous airplane crash was the top story on Fran is doubtless the best speller in our class.
last night’s news. drown [droun] v. to die or cause to die by suffocation
dis·cov·er [dis·kuv´ər] v. to find or find out something, in water or another liquid: Three sailors were
especially before anyone else: Alexander Fleming missing from the ship, and it was feared that
discovered penicillin. they had drowned.
dis·cov·er·y [dis·kuv´ər·ē] n. the act of discovering, or du·ra·ble [dur´ ə bəl] adj. able to exist for a long time
the thing discovered: The discovery of the polio without significant deterioration: The uniforms
vaccine prevented many people from being were very durable, lasting many school years.
infected with the disease. E
dis·guise [dis·gīz´] n. something worn by a person to e·col·o·gy [ē kol´ə jē] n. a relationship of living
conceal his or her identity: During the Civil War, organisms to their environment and to each other:
the spy went behind enemy lines wearing a The ecology students went on a nature hike to
disguise. study the plants and animals near the city.
dis·guise [dis·gīz´] v. to change customary dress or
appearance; conceal: The undercover detective Pronunciation Key
disguised himself to avoid detection. a add ō open th thin
dis·like [dis·līk´] v. to feel no liking for: I have always ā ace ô off th this
disliked scary movies. â(r) care oi oil zh vision
dis·miss [dis·mis´] v. 1. to get rid of or allow to leave: ä palm ŏŏ took
The teacher dismissed the class. 2. to refuse to e end ōō pool ə a in about
consider: She dismissed the plan even before she ē equal ou out e in listen
heard all of it. i it u up i in pencil
dis·pose [dis·pōz´] v. 1. to be inclined: He was not ī ice û(r) burn o in melon
disposed to believe her story. 2. to get rid of, as by o odd yōō use u in circus

ecstatic exclude
ec·stat·ic [ek·statík] adj. full of great happiness: en·gi·neer [en´jə·nir´] n. 1. a person who is trained in
Tammy was ecstatic about getting an ‘A’ in engineering: An engineer is involved in the
chemistry. planning, design, and building of complex
ed·i·tor [edí·tər] n. 1. a person who improves and structures and equipment. 2. a person who
corrects written material to prepare it for operates a locomotive: The engineer blew the
publication: The publishing company has an train whistle as the train approached the
opening for a copy editor. 2. a person who is in crossroads.
charge of a newspaper or magazine or of any of its en·joy [in·joi´] v. to receive pleasure or satisfaction
departments: My friend’s dad is a managing from: Are you enjoying your new home?
editor for a popular teen magazine. 3. a person en·thu·si·asm [in·thōō´zē·az´əm] n. great interest or
who selects parts of a film, tape, or soundtrack for keen excitement: It was hard for the team
viewing or listening: Jeff’s dream is to become a members to keep up their enthusiasm after
famous film or television editor. losing so many games.
ed·i·to·ri·al [edí·tôr´ē·əl] 1. n. an article in a newspaper en·ve·lope [en´və·lōp´ or än´və·lōp´] n. a paper folder
or magazine that expresses the opinion of the editor with a gummed flap, used for mailing letters: Be
or publisher: I think the editorial in our evening sure to put your return address on the envelope.
paper is much too conservative. es·pe·cial·ly [is·pesh´əl·ē] adv. particularly: She’s
2. adj. having to do with an editor: It’s editorial excited about going to college, especially after
policy to finish at least one chapter a day. winning that scholarship.
el·e·gant [el´ə·gənt] adj. showing richness, beauty, and ex·ceed [ik·sēd´] v. to be greater in size, number, or
refinement: She wore the most elegant dress to scope than: Attendance at the concert will far
the award ceremony. syns. tasteful, luxurious exceed last year’s.
el·i·gi·ble [elí jə bəl] adj. qualified or fit to be chosen; ex·cel [ik·sel´] v. to do or be better than others: Sandy
desirable or suitable for marriage: The winner of will excel in chemistry.
the contest was eligible for the state competition. ex·cep·tion·al·ly [ik·sep´shən·əl·ē] adv. to an
en·close [in·klōz´] v. 1. to surround; close in on all extraordinary or unusual degree: Ted is
sides: A white picket fence encloses the exceptionally shy and rarely talks in class.
backyard. 2. to insert something in an envelope or ex·change [iks·chānj´] v. to give and receive in return;
container along with what is being sent: Please trade one thing for something else: When we had a
enclose a recent picture with your application. car accident, we exchanged telephone numbers
en·cour·age [in·kûríj] v. 1. to give courage or with the other driver for insurance purposes.
confidence to; inspire; urge: I encourage you to ex·cite·ment [ik·sīt´mənt] n. 1. the condition of being
apply for this job, since you seem to be well full of strong feelings: Excitement swept through
qualified. 2. to provide favorable conditions for; the crowd as the runner neared the finish line.
help bring about: Adding fertilizer to your plants 2. commotion; agitation: In the excitement of
will encourage new growth. syn. foster moving, someone forgot to pack the dog’s bowl.
en·cy·clo·pe·di·a [in·sī´klə·pē´dē·ə] n. a book or set of ex·claim [iks·klām´] v. to say in a sudden or forceful
books that contains articles about a wide range of way: She exclaimed “Not again!” at her audition
subjects, listed in alphabetical order: When Bruce for the TV pilot.
needs information about almost anything, he ex·clude [iks·klōōd´] v. to leave or keep out: The
looks in the encyclopedia. requirements for this position exclude anyone
en·dur·ance [in·d(y)ŏŏr´əns] n. the ability to put up without a college degree.
with and last through hardship or strain: It takes a
lot of endurance to be a cross-country skier.

exercise formula
ex·er·cise [ek´sər·sīz´] 1. v. to move actively in order to and their children: My family lives in a two-story
strengthen: Speed skaters exercise to strengthen house. 2. a group of people or things that are
their thigh muscles. 2. v. to use or put into action: related in some way: The lion belongs to the cat
The governor will exercise his right to veto the family.
bill. 3. n. one of a series of activities used to fan·tas·tic [fan·tas´tik] adj. amazing or unbelievable:
practice or to strengthen a skill: Our math book The singers and dancers put on a fantastic
has only one exercise at the end of the chapter. performance.
ex·is·tence [ig·zis´təns] n. 1. the act or fact of being or fan·ta·sy [fan´tə·sē] n. something imagined: The movie
of being alive: Increasing pollution may actually Beauty and the Beast is a fantasy.
threaten our very existence. 2. a way of living: Feb·ru·ar·y [feb´rōō·er´ē or febýōō·er´ē] n. the second
Since she retired from her job, she’s been month of the year, coming between January and
leading a quiet, peaceful existence. March: February usually has 28 days, but it has
ex·it [eg´zit or ek´sit] n. a way to get out: In case of a 29 days in a leap year.
fire, we must all leave the building via an fem·i·nine [fem´ə·nin] adj. having to do with, or typical
emergency exit. of, the female sex: She, her, and hers are in the
ex·pand [ik·spand´] v. to make or become larger in size, feminine gender.
number, or scope; take up more space: Don’t add fid·dle [fid´(ə)l] n. an informal name for a violin: He
too much rice; it will expand as it cooks. lifted his fiddle to his chin and began to play.
ex·pe·ri·ence [ik·spir´ē·əns] 1. n. something done or fol·low [fol´ō] v. to come after or behind: We’ve been
lived through: The ice storm we had here three following the same slow car for ten minutes.
years ago was a frightening experience. 2. n. skill fool·ish [fōō´lish] adj. not showing good sense: I think
or knowledge gained from having done or lived she and her boyfriend sound foolish when they
through something: Mr. Trush has ten years of talk baby talk to each other. syn. silly
experience in the oil business. 3. v. to feel, live for·ma·tion [fôr·mā´shən] n. 1. the act of forming: I
through, or participate in: Visiting California I love to watch the formation of icicles on a
experienced an earthquake. window. 2. an arrangement: The formation the
ex·plode [ik·splōd´] v. to break apart suddenly and band made during half-time spelled B. H. S. for
violently: The balloon exploded with a bang. Bogota High School.
ex·press [ik·spres´] 1. v. to put into words: I wrote the for·mu·la [fôr´myə·lə] n. 1. an expression that uses
Hodges and expressed my thanks. 2. v. to convey symbols to show a mathematical relationship or the
without using words: Tears express sadness. makeup of a chemical compound: NaCl is the
3. adj. clearly stated: That was his express wish. chemical formula for salt. 2. an established way of
4. adj. very quick: They needed the manuscript doing or making something: I have yet to find a
yesterday, so I had to send it by express mail. formula for success.
ex·tend [ik·stend´] v. 1. to reach or stretch: Extend
your arms over your head. 2. to lengthen: The Pronunciation Key
library will extend its hours on Saturdays. a add ō open th thin
F ā ace ô off th this
fac·to·ry [fak´tər·ē] n. a building where goods are â(r) care oi oil zh vision
manufactured or put together: When the auto ä palm ŏŏ took
factory closed down, many people were e end ōō pool ə a in about
unemployed for a long time. ē equal ou out e in listen
fa·mil·iar [fə·milýər] adj. well known; often seen or i it u up i in pencil
heard: “Happy Birthday” is a familiar tune. ī ice û(r) burn o in melon
fam·i·ly [fam´ə·lē or fam´lē] n. 1. a group of people that o odd yōō use u in circus
make up a household, often consisting of parents

fortunate hasten
for·tu·nate [fôrćhə·nit] adj. lucky: We were fortunate gray·ish [grāísh] adj. somewhat gray in color: The sky
to get good seats for the game. had an odd grayish look.
for·tune [fôrćhən] n. 1. good luck: It’s a blessing to green·ish [grēnísh] adj. somewhat green in color: The
have good fortune. 2. a large sum of money: bananas were greenish and not yet ripe.
Repairing the roof is going to cost a fortune. groan [grōn] v. 1. to make a long, low sound, as in
fre·quent [frē´kwənt] adj. occurring often: We have expressing pain, boredom, or despair: He groaned
frequent rains here in the spring. in pain. 2. to make a rough, creaking sound, often
G due to a heavy load: The wagon wheels groaned
gal·ler·y [gal´ər·ē] n. 1. a place where works of art are as they slowly turned.
on display: There is an exhibit of photos at the guard·i·an [gär´dē·ən] n. 1. a person or thing who
art gallery. 2. an indoor balcony, especially the guards, watches over, or protects: The
highest balcony, as in a theater or church: We had Constitution is considered the guardian of our
seats in the gallery and could barely see the rights. 2. a person appointed by the court to make
dancers. personal and financial decisions for someone who
gath·er [gath´ər] v. to come or bring together; collect: is young or incompetent: My grandmother chose
She gathered up all her notes and papers. her eldest son as her legal guardian.
gen·u·ine [jenýōō·in] adj. real or actual; not fake: How gul·li·ble [gul´ə bəl] adj. easily deceived, cheated, or
can you tell if this is a genuine diamond? duped; credulous: Everyone who knew how
ge·og·ra·phy [je·og´rə·fē] n. the study of the natural gullible she was teased her mercilessly.
features of the earth, such as mountains and bodies H
of water, sometimes also including its peoples, ham·mer [ham´ər] v. to pound with a hammer: He
natural resources, and climates: Geography is often hammered the nail into the board.
taught as part of social studies. hand·some [han´səm] adj. having a pleasing
ge·ol·o·gy [jē ol´ə jē] n. science that deals with the appearance; good-looking: The movie star’s fans
earth’s structure, composition, and history, think of him as a very handsome man.
including the changes occurring on the earth’s har·mo·ny [här´mə·nē] n. 1. a pleasing combination, as
surface and the processes causing them: The of musical sounds: The trio sang in three-part
geology study revealed how the mountains had harmony. 2. agreement: Diplomats in the United
formed in the region. Nations work to achieve harmony throughout
goal·ie [gō´lē] n. an informal word for goalkeeper, the the world.
player who defends the team’s goal in sports such harp [härp] n. a musical instrument with strings set on
as soccer or hockey: The goalie in hockey wears a triangular frame: A harp makes a lovely sound
heavy padding on his or her legs and body. when its strings are plucked.
go·ril·la [gə·ril´ə] n. a large, powerful ape found in the haste [hāst] n. extreme hurry: She left the house in
jungles of central Africa: The gorilla has a broad, some haste and forgot to turn off the lights.
heavy chest and shoulders; long arms; and short has·ten [hā´sən] v. to move swiftly or hurriedly: They
legs. will hasten if they want to catch the beginning of
graph [graf] n. a kind of diagram with lines, bars, or the movie.
curves that show how certain facts or numbers
relate to each other: The graph showed the
relationship of births to deaths over a 10-year
period.

heir injury
heir [âr] n. a person who inherits or is expected to illustrated his point, using a previous case. 2. to
inherit something: The prince is heir to the provide artwork to decorate or explain printed
throne now occupied by his father, the king. material: Dr. Seuss’s books are illustrated with
her·i·tage [her´ə·tij] n. something handed down from funny cartoon-like characters.
previous generations: The heritage of our country in·au·gu·rate [in·ô´gyə·rāt´] v. to begin officially: The
comes from many different cultures. new President will be inaugurated tomorrow.
his·to·ri·an [his·tôr´ē·ən] n. a person who writes or in·ci·dent [in´sə·dənt] n. a single event or occurrence,
studies history: Barbara Tuchman was a well- often one that is relatively unimportant: I wrote a
known historian who wrote a famous book about story about a funny incident that happened
World War I. during vacation.
his·tor·i·cal [his·tôr´ə·kəl] adj. having to do with or in·ci·den·tal·ly [in´sə·dən´tə·lē] adv. along with
existing in history: The signing of the Declaration something else; by the way: The committee was
of Independence was an important historical discussing the football team and incidentally
event. brought up the need for new lights on the field.
his·to·ry [his´tə·rē] n. events of the past, or the study or in·cred·i·ble [in kred´ə bəl] adj. that cannot be believed
record of such events: Queen Elizabeth I is an or taken for the truth; seemingly impossible: The
important figure in the history of Great Britain. quarterback completed an incredible touchdown
hur·ri·cane [hûr´ə·kān´] n. a severe tropical storm with to win the game.
strong winds and heavy rain: A hurricane is a in·de·ci·sive [in di sī´siv] adj. not coming to a decision;
storm with winds of 75 or more miles per hour. characterized by indecision: The captain’s
hy·drant [hī´drənt] n. a large upright pipe, connected to indecisive ways caused the team to challenge his
an underground water main, to which hoses can be leadership.
attached: It’s illegal to park your car next to a in·de·pend·ent [in di pen´dənt] adj. not influenced,
fire hydrant. guided, or determined by others; not subject to
I external control: Mary had been financially
i·den·ti·fi·ca·tion [ī·den´tə·fə·kā´shən] n. the act of independent since graduation, when she worked
establishing a person’s identity, or the means of and attended school.
confirming one’s identity: A driver’s license is a in·flu·ence [in´flōō·əns] v. to have an effect on; produce
form of identification. a change: Don’t influence their decision by
i·den·ti·ty [ī·den´tə·tē] n. the fact of being a particular giving your opinion.
person and being recognized as that person: Police in·ju·ry [in´jər·ē] n. hurt, harm, or damage to a person:
who work undercover have to conceal their true An injury to her knee kept the skater from
identity. syn. individuality competing in the Olympics.
il·le·gal [i lē´gəl] adj. unlawful; not authorized by the
rules, as in games and sports: The referee Pronunciation Key
penalized the player for the illegal play. a add ō open th thin
il·leg·i·ble [i lej´ə bəl] adj. difficult or impossible to ā ace ô off th this
read: The tiny handwriting on the envelope was â(r) care oi oil zh vision
illegible. ä palm ŏŏ took
il·lit·er·ate [i lit´ər it] adj. unable to read or write: The e end ōō pool ə a in about
illiterate man chose to return to school to learn ē equal ou out e in listen
how to read and write. i it u up i in pencil
il·log·i·cal [i lojí kəl] adj. contrary to logic: His ī ice û(r) burn o in melon
explanation for the mishap was illogical. o odd yōō use u in circus
il·lus·trate [il´ə·strāt´ or i·lus´trāt´] v. 1. to explain by
using a picture or example: The attorney

inspiration lightning
in·spi·ra·tion [in´spə·rā´shən] n. a feeling, idea, or jew·el·ry [jōō´əl·rē] n. ornaments worn on a person’s
desire to do something, usually aroused suddenly in clothing or body, often made of precious metals
a person: The writer stared at his typewriter, and gems: Mother keeps her jewelry in a satin
waiting for inspiration. box.
in·spire [in·spīr´] v. to fill with a desire to do judge [juj] n. a person who listens to and decides cases
something: The loss of his sweetheart inspired in a court of law: The Supreme Court of the
Edgar Allan Poe to write “Annabel Lee.” United States has nine judges, or justices.
in·struc·tion [in·struk´shən] n. a step or rule to be judg·ment [juj´mənt] n. the decision of a court: The
followed in doing something: Read the lawyer based the defense on a judgment made in
instructions carefully before you begin to use the an earlier case of the same kind.
machine. syns. order, direction ju·di·cial [jōō·dish´əl] adj. having to do with courts or
in·tel·li·gent [in·tel´ə·jənt] adj. having the capability to judges: The Supreme Court is the highest level
think, reason, and learn: Rita is very intelligent of the United States judicial system.
and has been put in a special math program. K
syns. bright, smart kil·o·me·ter [kil´ə·mē´tər or ki·lom´ə·tər] n. a unit of
in·ven·tion [in·venćhən] n. 1. something brought into length in the metric system: The distance of the
being for the first time: The invention of the race she planned to run was five kilometers.
automobile took place in the late 1800s. 2.
L
something made up or untrue: The jury thought
la·bor [lā´bər] v. to work hard: She labored all day to
the witness’s story was an invention from start
finish the dress in time for the school dance.
to finish.
length [length] n. the distance of a thing from one end
in·ven·tor [in·ven´tər] n. a person who thinks up and
to the other: A football field is 100 yards in
brings into being a thing that did not exist before:
length.
Thomas Edison was a great inventor.
let [let] v., letting to allow or permit to happen: Since
in·vin·ci·ble [in vin´sə bəl] adj. not capable of being
we finished all our chores early, Dad is letting us
defeated or overcome: The wrester thought he
go to the movies this afternoon.
was invincible after winning dozens of matches
li·brar·i·an [lī·brâr´ē·ən] n. a person who works in a
without a loss.
library: The school librarian helped me find
i·vo·ry [ī´vər·ē] n. a hard, creamy-white substance that
information for my research paper.
makes up the tusks of elephants, walruses, and
li·brar·y [lī´brer´ē or lī´brə·rē] n. a room or building
certain other animals: The ivory tusks of an
where a large collection of books is kept: I went to
elephant are a wonder of nature.
the library to get some books for my report.
J life jack·et [līf´jakít] n. a life preserver that is in the
jazz [jaz] n. American music characterized by varied form of a vest: We always wear life jackets when
rhythm and often deliberate distortions of pitch: we go out in the sailboat.
Harry’s favorite music is jazz because it has a light·ning [lītńing] n. a sudden flash of light in the sky:
great beat. Lightning is actually a form of electricity.

listen moccasin
lis·ten [lis´(ə)n] v. to try to hear: He listened silently mis·be·have [mis´bi´ hāv] v. to conduct oneself badly
for the sound of footsteps. or improperly: The choir members didn’t
lit·er·a·ture [lit´ər·ə·chər] n. 1. writing of imaginative misbehave during the field trip because they
and artistic style and quality: This year we are wanted to focus on the concert.
studying works of American literature by such mis·for·tune [mis·fôrćhən] n. bad luck; something bad
writers as Mark Twain and Emily Dickinson. that happens: The skier had the misfortune of
2. printed material that advertises or promotes breaking her ankle during the race.
something: Don asked the company to send him mis·for·tu·nate [mis·fôrćhə nət] adj. unlucky;
some literature on the new computer programs. receiving some unexpected bad: The misfortunate
log·ic [lojík] n. correct reasoning of any kind: Logic shopper missed the sale by just a few minutes.
indicates that there were two burglars because miss [mis] v. 1. to not do what is expected or intended:
the TV couldn’t be moved by one person alone. I missed one question on the test but still got a
lone·some [lōn´səm] adj. not happy about being alone: good grade. 2. to feel lonesome because some one
Rachel felt lonesome the first night at camp. syn. is not there: The class missed our teacher, Mr.
lonely Johnson, when he was home with the flu.
lux·u·ry [luk´shər·ē or lug´zhər·ē] n. something that mis·sion·ar·y [mishćn·er´ē] n. a person who goes out
gives pleasure but is not necessary: It was a luxury to teach and spread a particular religion, usually in
for Mom, on her day off, to lie in bed late and a foreign country: Father Junípero Serra was a
read. missionary who went from Spain to live among
M the people of Mexico and California.
ma·chin·er·y [mə·shēn´(ə·)rē] n. a collection of mis·spell [mis spel´] v. to spell incorrectly: She didn’t
machines: The John Deere Company is one of misspell any words on her composition, so
the largest makers of farm machinery. earned a good grade.
mag·ni·fi·cent [mag·nif´ə·sənt] adj. very great, mist [mist] n. a cloud of very tiny drops of moisture in
beautiful, or outstanding: There was a magnificent the air: After the sudden shower, a light mist
view of the river valley from the top of the filled the air.
mountain. mis·un·der·stand [mis´ un dər stand´] v. to misinterpret
ma·rine [mə·rēn´] adj. having to do with the ocean, or to fail to understand correctly: Many students
ships, or boats: A seal is a marine mammal. He misunderstood the unclear directions, so the
got parts for his boat at a marine supply store. teacher allowed a retest.
mas·cu·line [mas´kyə·lin] adj. of or belonging to men moc·ca·sin [mok´ə·sin] n. a slipperlike shoe with a soft
or boys: “Emperor,” “duke,” “king,” and “earl” sole and no heel: Moccasins may be adorned with
are all masculine titles. embroidery or beading.
mas·sa·cre [mas´ə·kər] n. a cruel and violent killing of
many people: The government of the small Pronunciation Key
country feared there would be a massacre. a add ō open th thin
mem·o·rize [mem´ə·rīz´] v. to learn by heart: Josh ā ace ô off th this
memorized a small part for the school play. â(r) care oi oil zh vision
me·ter [mē´tər] n. a unit for measuring length: There ä palm ŏŏ took
are 1,000 meters in a kilometer. e end ōō pool ə a in about
mi·cro·scope [mī´krə·skōp´] n. a device used to look at ē equal ou out e in listen
something too small to be seen by the eye alone: i it u up i in pencil
With a microscope, researchers first saw the tiny ī ice û(r) burn o in melon
germs that cause disease. o odd yōō use u in circus

monologue pane
mon·o·logue [mon´ə·lôg´] n. a speech, part in a play, or ocean life. Her childhood days at the beach
series of jokes told by one person: The comedian inspired her to study oceanography.
started his performance with a monologue about Oc·to·ber [ok·tō´bər] n. the tenth month of the year:
air travel. Jill’s birthday is on the eighth of October.
mo·nop·o·ly [mə·nop´ə·lē] n. a company or group of oc·to·pus [ok´tə·pəs] n. a sea animal with a soft body
companies that controls the supply of a product or and eight arms: The octopus is a type of shellfish,
service: For many years, AT&T had a monopoly although it does not have a shell.
on telephone service in the United States. of·fer [ô´fər] v. to present something or a service: She
mo·not·o·nous [mə·not´ə·nəs] adj. continuing without offered her guest a cup of tea.
change at the same level: The speaker had a o·mit [ō·mit´] v. to leave out; not include or do: Be sure
monotonous voice, and it was hard to focus on to check the guest list to make sure we did not
what he was saying. syns. boring, tiring omit anyone.
mus·cle [mus´əl] n. strong, elastic body tissue that o·pos·sum [ə·pos´əm or pos´əm] n. a small, furry
makes body parts move: Andrea joined a weight- mammal that is native to North America: When
lifting class to build muscle. they are in danger, opossums lie motionless and
mus·cu·lar [mus´kyə·lər] adj. having to do with the appear to be dead.
muscles: A loss or impairment of voluntary op·po·site [op´ə·zit] 1. n. something that is totally
muscular power is called paralysis. different from another thing: Up is the opposite of
mu·si·cian [myōō·zish´ən] n. a person who plays or down. 2. adj. across from: Iowa and Illinois are
sings music: The musician came on stage and on opposite sides of the Mississippi River.
began to tune her instrument. or·gan·i·za·tion [or´gən·ə·zā´shən] n. 1. a group of
my·thol·o·gy [mi·thol´ə·jē] n. a group of myths and people joined together for a purpose: A
legends: In Greek mythology, Zeus is the ruler of corporation is a large business organization.
all the gods. 2. the putting together of things according to a
N system: The new secretary did not understand
nec·es·sar·y [nes´ə·ser´ē] adj. that which must be done the organization of the files.
or had: Food and shelter are necessary for life. or·gan·ize [ôr´gən·īz´] v. to put things together in a
syns. needed, required certain order: When Ruth organized her closet,
nurs·er·y [nûr´sər·ē] n. 1. a room or place for babies: she put all her shoes in a neat row on one side.
We looked through the window of the hospital P
nursery at all the brand-new babies. 2. a place pain [pān] n. a feeling of hurt or great discomfort: The
where plants are grown and sold: Dad bought two dentist numbed Manuel’s mouth so he wouldn’t
rose bushes from the nursery. feel pain when she filled his tooth.
O pane [pān] n. a sheet of glass set into a window or door
o·cean·og·ra·phy [ō·she nog´rə fē] n. science of the sea, frame: We all watched the rain beat on the
dealing with the structure of the ocean basins, and window panes.
composition and movement of the waters and

paragraph politician
par·a·graph [par´ə·graf´] n. a section of a piece of per·mit [v. pr·mit´; n. pûr´mit] v., permitting 1. v. to
writing that starts on a new line that is usually agree that a person may do something: Cell phones
indented from the other lines: The topic of a are not permitted in this theater. 2. v. to make
paragraph is often stated in the first sentence. possible; allow to happen: I’ll bake cookies
par·a·lyze [par´ə·līz´] v. 1. to make unable to move or tomorrow, if time permits. 3. n. a written
function: A serious spinal injury can paralyze a statement from some authority allowing something:
person. 2. to make helpless: A power failure You need a permit to fish in the lake.
would paralyze the entire city. pho·to·graph [fō´tə·graf´] n. a picture made with a
par·ti·cle [pär´ti·kəl] n. a tiny piece or bit: There were camera: Something must be wrong with the
dust particles on the windowsill. camera; every photograph from our trip came
par·tic·u·lar [pər·tikýə·lər] adj. 1. apart from others: out fuzzy.
Each team must select a particular topic for the pho·tog·ra·phy [fə·tog´rə·fē] n. the art of taking
debate. 2. being a certain one: Hank searched all pictures with a camera: Still photography
over, trying to find the particular wood he produces pictures in which there is no motion.
needed for his airplane model. syns. specific, phy·si·cian [fi·zish´ən] n. a person who is licensed to
unusual practice medicine: Dr. Smith is our family
pa·ti·o [pat´ē·ō or pä´te·ō] n. an outdoor space next to a physician. syn. doctor
house that is usually tiled or paved: We use our pi·an·ist [pē·aníst or pē´ə·nist] n. a person who plays
patio for outdoor dining and relaxing. the piano: Arthur Rubinstein was a great
pend·ing [pen´ding] prep. while awaiting: The man classical pianist.
charged with the crime was held in jail pending pin·na·cle [pin´ə·kəl] n. the highest point of
his trial. achievement: Michael Jordan retired from pro
pen·e·trate [pen´ə·trāt´] v. to go into or pass through: basketball at the pinnacle of his career.
The doctor warned that the needle would pi·o·neer [pī´ə·nir´] n. one of the first people to live in a
penetrate the skin. new land: In the 1800s many pioneers crossed
per·form [pər·fôrm´] v. 1. to carry out a certain work or this country in covered wagons to settle in the
action: The team performed the play exactly as West.
they had in practice. 2. to act, sing, play a musical plat·i·num [plat´ə·nəm] n. a valuable metal that
instrument, or do another artistic endeavor before resembles silver: Platinum is often used in
the public: That actor performs in many movies jewelry.
and TV shows. pol·i·ti·cian [pol´ə·tish´ən] n. a person who is elected to
per·form·ance [pər·fôr´məns] n. a play, program, or public office or who is otherwise involved in
other entertainment that is presented before an politics: A mayor is a politician.
audience: There is a performance of Swan Lake
at the ballet tonight. Pronunciation Key
per·ish·a·ble [perí shə bəl] adj. subject to destruction a add ō open th thin
or decay: She put the perishable foods in the ā ace ô off th this
refrigerator so they wouldn’t spoil. â(r) care oi oil zh vision
per·i·scope [per´ə·skōp´] n. a device that enables a ä palm ŏŏ took
viewer to see things that are around a corner or e end ōō pool ə a in about
otherwise blocked from view: A periscope is used ē equal ou out e in listen
in a submarine to see things above the water. i it u up i in pencil
per·mis·si·ble [per´mis c bəl] adj. that may be ī ice û(r) burn o in melon
permitted; allowable: Slang is not permissible in o odd yōō use u in circus
the school.

popular rectangular
pop·u·lar [popýə·lər] adj. well-liked; enjoyed by many R
people: The Lion King was a very popular movie. real [rēl] adj. 1. not imagined or made up: Everyone
pop·u·la·tion [popýə·lā´shən] n. the total number of calls her Buff, even though her real name is
people who live in a place, or these people as a Sandra. syn. true 2. not artificial: It’s hard to tell
group: Almost the entire population of the town the difference between the artificial pearls and
turned out for the parade. the real ones. syn. genuine
po·si·tion [pə·zish´ən] n. the place at which a person or re·al·ize [rē´əl·īz´] v. to be aware of or know about: The
thing is: Tanya took her position at the head of runner didn’t realize how close she was to the
the line. finish line until she heard the crowd cheering.
pos·si·bil·i·ty [pos´ə·bil´ə·tē] n. the fact of being re·ceipt [ri·sēt´] n. a written statement that
possible: Do you think it is a possibility that something has been received: Be sure you keep
humans could live on the moon? the receipt in case the blouse doesn’t fit.
prej·u·dice [prej´ŏŏ·dis] n. the judging of something by re·cep·tion [ri·sep´shən] n. 1. the fact of receiving: The
a general opinion formed beforehand rather than by band got a warm reception from the audience.
the facts or evidence of that particular situation: It 2. the quality of signals received by a television or
is a form of prejudice to dislike someone you do radio: You get better reception on your television
not know because of his or her ethnicity. if you have cable.
prob·a·bly [prob´ə·blē] adv. almost certain or definite: re·cess [ri·ses´ or rē´ses] n. 1. a time when work stops:
From the look of those dark clouds, I’d say that When the weather is nice, we go outside and
it will probably rain today. play marbles during recess. The judge declared
psy·chi·a·trist [sī·kī´ə·trist] n. a doctor who is specially a short recess for lunch. 2. a secret or hidden
trained to treat diseases and conditions of the mind: place: She found a recess in the wall where she
A psychiatrist helps people solve their problems. could hide the letter.
psy·chol·o·gy [sī·kol´ə·jē] n. the scientific study of rec·og·nize [rek´əg·nīz´] v. to become aware of a person
mental processes and behavior: Psychology has or a thing as someone or something already known:
increased our knowledge of why people behave Celia hoped she would recognize the bracelet
as they do. Jerome found as the one that had been taken
Q from her locker. syn. identify
quart [kwôrt] n. a unit of liquid measure: There are rec·om·men·da·tion [rek´ə·men·dā´shən] n. the act of
two pints in a quart. speaking in favor of someone or something: Her
quar·ters [kwôr´tərz] n. a place to live or stay: The boss gave her a letter of recommendation saying
Red Cross set up temporary quarters for the what a good worker she was.
flood victims in the town hall. re·con·struc·tion [rē´kən struk´ shən] n. the act of
quar·tet [kwôr·tet´] n. a group of four singers or reconstruction, rebuilding; something
musicians who perform together: Walt sings tenor reconstructed: The town raised funds for the
with a barbershop quartet. reconstruction of the historical district.
ques·tion·a·ble [kwes´ che ne bel] adj. of dubious rec·tan·gle [rek´tang´gəl] n. a figure having four
character, propriety, honesty, or respectability; straight sides and four right angles: The opposite
doubtful: The questionable legality of the sides of a rectangle are parallel and are equal in
arrangement caused her to reconsider her length.
involvement. rec·tan·gu·lar [rek·tang´gyə·lər] adj. the shape of a
rectangle: A football field is a rectangular area.

reddish scope
red·dish [redísh] adj. tinged with red: The setting sun re·spon·si·bil·i·ty [ri·spon´sə·bil´ə·tē] n.,
gave a reddish hue to the sky. responsibilities the fact of being responsible for
reel [rēl] 1. v. to be thrown off balance; spin around: something: Two of the secretary’s responsibilities
The other boxer will reel from the force of are to file reports and to answer the phone.
Mike’s blow. syns. sway, whirl 2. n. a spool on re·spon·si·ble [ri·spon´sə·bəl] adj. likely to be called on
which something is wound: After the fish got to answer; trustworthy; able to choose for oneself
away, Cindy rewound the line on her reel. 3. n. a between right and wrong: The girls knew they
spirited folk dance: We learned to do the Virginia could depend on their friend, who was always
reel in our dance class. responsible.
re·fer [ri·fûr´] v. to direct attention to: Mom sent the res·tau·rant [res´tər·ənt or res´tə·ränt´] n. a place in
new neighbor to our doctor, but the doctor which meals are made and sold to customers: It’s
referred him to a specialist. expensive for our whole family to eat out, so we
ref·er·ence [ref´ər·əns or ref´rəns] n. 1. something that go to a restaurant only on special occasions.
directs a reader to another source of information: re·vise [ri·vīz´] v. to correct errors and bring up to date:
The article in the magazine made a reference to Since it was first published, this dictionary has
a previous article. 2. a work containing facts or been revised many times to reflect our changing
useful information: A dictionary, an language.
encyclopedia, and a thesaurus are all references. rev·o·lu·tion·ar·y [rev´ə·lōō´shən·er´ē] adj. having to
re·form [ri·fôrm´] v. to change for the better: The new do with or causing a revolution: The Boston Tea
mayor reformed the city government. Party was a revolutionary action taken by the
reg·u·lar [regýə·lər] adj. happening over and over in American colonists.
the same way: After vacation, we slipped back ru·in [rōōín] v. to cause destruction: Hannah waded
into our regular routine. syn. normal through the mud and ruined her dress shoes.
reg·u·la·tion [regýə·lā´shən] n. something that directs S
or controls, such as a law or rule: A fire regulation scen·er·y [sēńər·ē] n. 1. the general way a place looks,
poster was hung by each elevator. especially an outdoor place: The scenery at
re·ha·bil·i·ta·tion [re´hə·bil´ə·tāsh´ən] n. the act of Yosemite National Park is breathtaking. 2. the
restoring to a former, often better, condition: The stage setting for a play: The scenery gave the
rehabilitation of an old building is often a very audience a sense of the small room.
long and expensive responsibility. After she sci·en·tist [sī´ən·tist] n. a person who works in the field
broke her leg, she had to go through a long of science: A scientist uses observation and
period of physical rehabilitation. experimentation to develop new theories.
re·hears·al [ri·hûr´səl] n. a practice session before a scope [skōp] n. the range of an idea or action: The
performance: The photographer took pictures of mayor said intervening in the strike was beyond
the final dress rehearsal of the opera. the scope of his authority.
re·luc·tant [ri·luk´tənt] adj. not wanting to do
something: The witness seemed nervous and Pronunciation Key
reluctant to answer questions. a add ō open th thin
re·sign [ri·zīn´] v. to give up a job or an office: Jan will ā ace ô off th this
resign from her job at the bank. â(r) care oi oil zh vision
res·ig·na·tion [rezíg·nā´shən] n. the giving up of one’s ä palm ŏŏ took
job or office: She will announce her resignation e end ōō pool ə a in about
at the end of the week. ē equal ou out e in listen
res·pi·ra·tion [res´pə·rā´shən] n. the process of i it u up i in pencil
breathing: In mammals, respiration occurs in the ī ice û(r) burn o in melon
lungs. o odd yōō use u in circus

selfish succeed
self·ish [sel´fish] adj. caring more about one’s own spec·i·fi·ca·tion [spes´ə·fə·kā´shən] n. a detailed and
needs than those of others: I think it’s selfish of exact presentation of something: The carpenter
Nancy not to let anyone borrow her books. drew up specifications for the new cabinets.
sep·a·rate [v. sep´ə·rāt´; adj. sep´ər·it or sep´rit] 1. v. to stam·pede [stam·pēd´] n. a sudden, wild rush of
keep apart: She will separate the children. 2. adj. animals or people: The stampede of the frightened
apart from one another: The garage is separate cattle sounded like thunder.
from the house. stra·te·gic [strə·tē´jik] adj. having to do with or
shone [shōn] v. gave off a bright light: The stars shone important to a particular plan: The chess player
brightly overhead. syn. glowed made a strategic move when he gave up a knight.
shoot [shōōt] v. 1. to fire a weapon: The police officer strat·e·gy [strat´ə·jē] n. a careful, overall plan: The
would go to the range and shoot at targets. 2. to team changed its strategy and won the game.
score a point in certain games: Can you shoot the straw·ber·ry [strô´ber´ē] n. a small, heart-shaped, red
ball into the basket? 3. to play, as certain games: berry with a sweet taste: The strawberry is a small
Shall we shoot a game of pool? plant of the rose family.
show [shō] v. to allow to be seen: I’ll show you my strength [streng(k)th] n. the quality of being strong:
new magic trick. Mel didn’t have the strength to lift the box.
sign [sīn] 1. n. an object or symbol that stands for struc·ture [strukćhər] n. something that is built: All
something else: The sign for addition is +. 2. n. an structures near the airport must be less than
indication, as of a condition: Flowers blooming is three stories high.
a sign of spring. 3. v. to write one’s name on: I stud·y [stud´ē] v. to try to understand or learn
always sign my artwork with my initials. something: Samantha is studying to be an
sig·na·ture [sigńə·chər] n. a person’s name in that engineer.
person’s own handwriting: The salesclerk checked sub·mit [səb·mit´] v. to give in to a power or authority:
the signature on the credit card. The rebels would not submit to government
si·mul·ta·ne·ous·ly [sī´məl·tāńē·əs·lē] adv. at the same forces. syn. yield
time: The fireworks exploded, and people in the sub·stance [sub´stəns] n. any material that something is
crowd cheered simultaneously. made of: A diamond is a hard substance.
sof·ten [sôf´ən] v. to make softer: Mary kept the ice sub·trac·tion [səb·trak´shən] n. the taking away of one
cream out until it softened enough to be served. number from another: Subtraction is finding the
soft·ly [sôft´lē] adv. quietly; not roughly: People need difference between two numbers.
to speak softly in the library. suc·ceed [sək·sēd´] v. 1. to do very well at something:
spe·cial·ist [spesh´əl·ist] n. a person who concentrates The team succeeded in winning the
on one limited area of a larger activity: Dr. James championship after a number of losing seasons.
is a specialist in eye surgery. 2. to come next; follow after: Harry S Truman
spe·cif·ic [spi·sifík] adj. naming a certain one or ones; succeeded Franklin D. Roosevelt as President of
clearly stated: “Plants” is a general subject for a the United States.
report; “tomatoes” is a more specific topic.

suede transfer
suede [swād] n. a soft leather with a fuzzy nap on one ter·ri·to·ry [ter´ə·tôr´ē] n. an area of land: In the early
side: Jackets made of suede are very soft. 1700s most of the territory along the Mississippi
suf·fer [suf´ ər] v. to endure pain or misery: I will River was claimed by France.
suffer from a broken heart if I’m not careful. the·ol·o·gy [thē ol´ə jē] n. the study of the nature and
sus·pend [s ə·spend´] v. to hang down from above: The being of God and His relation to humanity and the
chandelier was suspended from the ceiling. universe, especially in connection to organized
swal·low [swol´ō] v. to take food through the mouth religion; a particular system of religious beliefs:
into the stomach: The dog swallowed its dinner. Traveling the world and learning about many
sway [swā] v. to swing slowly back and forth: The tall cultures inspired his study of theology and the
grass swayed softly in the breeze. various beliefs people hold.
syl·la·ble [sil´ə·bəl] n. a single sound that forms a word ther·mom·e·ter [thər·mom´ə·tər] n. an instrument used
or part of a word: The accent is on the first to measure temperature: Mom used a meat
syllable of the word “swallow.” thermometer to see if the turkey was fully
T cooked.
tech·ni·cian [tek·nish´ən] n. a person who has special tide [tīd] n. the regular rise and fall of the level of the
training in a technical field: Abby was a ocean: The tide changes from high to low and
laboratory technician for ten years before she back again about every twelve hours.
decided to be a full-time mother. tie [tī] v. to fasten, as with string or rope: We tied the
tech·nol·o·gy [tek·nol´ə·jē] n. the use of scientific bundle of firewood together with heavy wire.
principles and tools to solve practical problems: to·mor·row [tə·mor´ō] n. the next day after today: If
The space program is a good example of the today is Monday, tomorrow will be Tuesday.
success of technology and engineering. trans·fer [trans´fər or trans·für´] v. to move or send
tel·e·scope [tel´ə·skōp´] n. an instrument that magnifies from one place to another: To get downtown, you
objects seen at a great distance: In the 1600s, the transfer here from the No. 11 bus to the No. 6.
Italian astronomer Galileo built a telescope
through which he saw the rings of Saturn. Pronunciation Key
tel·e·vise [tel´ə·vīz´] v. to send out a signal or program a add ō open th thin
by television: Tonight’s baseball game will be ā ace ô off th this
televised on Channel 10. â(r) care oi oil zh vision
tem·per·a·ture [tem´pər·ə·chər or tem´prə·chər] n. the ä palm ŏŏ took
level of heat or cold in a place or object: The e end ōō pool ə a in about
normal body temperature of a human is about ē equal ou out e in listen
98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. i it u up i in pencil
ten·ta·tive·ly [ten´tə·tiv·lē] adv. with hesitation as ī ice û(r) burn o in melon
though unsure: She put her foot tentatively on the o odd yōō use u in circus
ice, not sure if it would bear her weight.

transform uniform
trans·form [trans·fôrm´] v. to change in shape or allows the batter to reach third base: In the ninth
appearance: At the end of the story, an ugly frog inning, Jason hit a triple to win the game.
was transformed into a handsome prince. trum·pet [trum´pit] n. a musical instrument made from
tran·sis·tor [tran·zis´tər] n. a small electronic device a brass tube shaped into a loop with a wide opening
that controls the flow of electricity in a computer, at one end: One plays the trumpet by blowing
radio, television, or the like: Transistors have into a mouthpiece and pressing on valves.
taken the place of the less-reliable vacuum twelfth [twelfth] adj. next after the eleventh: Eleven of
tubes. the eggs in the carton were perfect, but the
trans·mis·sion [trans·mish´ən] n. 1. the sending of twelfth one had a cracked shell.
something from one place to another: She ordered ty·pog·ra·phy [tī pog´ rə fē] n. act, art, or process of
a transmission of funds to the bank in Sweden. producing printed matter, esp. by means of a
syn. transfer 2. the sending out of radio or printing press; arrangement, appearance, or style of
television signals: The storm must be interfering printed matter: The class collected old
with the satellite transmission. 3. the mechanism newspapers, magazines, and books to display
in a car that sends power from the engine to the various typographies used over the years.
wheels: The auto mechanic said he did extensive
work to my car’s transmission. U
treas·ur·y [trezh´ər·ē] n. the place where an um·brel·la [um·brel´ə] n. a circular piece of cloth or
organization’s funds are kept and managed: There plastic stretched on a folding frame that is held
is enough money in the student council treasury overhead for protection from rain or sun: I keep an
for a party. umbrella in my backpack in case of rain.
tri·an·gle [trīáng´gəl] n. 1. a flat figure with three sides un·ac·cept·able [ən ik sep´ tə bəl] adj. not acceptable;
and three angles: The “yield” sign at an not pleasing or welcome: The terms of the
intersection has the characteristic shape of a agreement were unacceptable to her.
triangle. 2. a musical instrument made from a un·der·stand·a·ble [ən dər stand ə bəl] v. capable of
metal bar that is bent into this shape: Triangles being understood: The test instructions were
make a bell-like sound when struck with a small understandable to everyone.
stick. un·doubt·ed·ly [un·dou´tid·lē] adv. without a doubt:
tri·an·gu·lar [trī·ang´gyə·lər] adj. having to do with, or That was undoubtedly the worst movie I have
shaped like, a triangle: An arrowhead has a ever seen. syn. certainly
triangular shape. un·for·tu·nate [un·fôrćhə·nit] adj. without luck: Bob
tri·cy·cle [trī´sik·əl] n. a small three-wheeled vehicle had an unfortunate trip; he got on the wrong bus
that is usually moved with pedals: Most children and ended up on the other side of town.
learn to ride a tricycle before they ride a bike. un·i·form [yōōńə·fôrm´] 1. n. a special set of clothes
tri·o [trēó] n. a group or set of three: A trio of that identifies a person as a member of a certain
entertainers played the keyboard, bass guitar, group: Admission to this museum is free to
and drums for our school dance. military personnel in uniform. 2. adj. being the
tri·ple [trip´əl] 1. adj. having three parts: I ordered a same; having the same size, rate, form, and so on:
triple cone, with vanilla, chocolate, and All the lines had a uniform length of four inches.
strawberry ice cream. 2. n. in baseball, a hit that

vegetable zoology
V vol·un·teer [vol´ən·tir´] 1. n. a person who willingly
veg·e·ta·ble [vej´(ə·)tə·bəl] n. any plant or plant part does a job without pay: On weekends, Jenny is a
that is eaten for food, such as peas, beans, lettuce, hospital volunteer; she delivers flowers and mail
corn, carrots, or potatoes: My favorite vegetables to the patients. 2. v. to offer without being forced
are spinach and green beans. to do so: The teacher asked, “Which of you will
ve·hi·cle [vē´ə·kəl] n. anything used to move or carry volunteer to read your essay out loud?”
people or goods, usually having wheels or runners: W
An overhead sign indicated that the garage whole·some [hōl´səm] adj. 1. good for the health: Fruit
could not accommodate vehicles over eight feet and granola bars are wholesome snacks. syn.
high. healthful 2. good for the mind or character: That
ve·hic·u·lar [və·hikýə·lər] adj. having to do with a movie provides wholesome family fun.
vehicle or vehicles: This street will be closed to Z
vehicular traffic all day today. zoology [zō ol´ə jē] n. science that deals with the origin,
vic·tor·y [vik´tər·ē] n. the act of winning a battle, development, structure, functioning, and
struggle, or contest: We held a party to celebrate classification of all forms of animal life: Learning
our victory over the top team in the league. about animals during her childhood on a farm
vi·o·lin [vī´ə·lin´] n. a musical instrument with a helped her decide on a career in zoology.
wooden body, played by drawing a bow across four
strings: The violin is an important instrument in Pronunciation Key
a symphony orchestra. a add ō open th thin
vi·sion [vizh´ən] n. 1. the power or ability to see: Joel ā ace ô off th this
wears glasses to improve his vision. 2. the power â(r) care oi oil zh vision
or ability to think of what things will be like in the ä palm ŏŏ took
future: That city showed great vision in e end ōō pool ə a in about
developing a rapid-transit system twenty years ē equal ou out e in listen
ago. i it u up i in pencil
vis·i·tor [viz´ə·tər] n. a person who goes to see someone ī ice û(r) burn o in melon
or someplace for a time: The park is closed to o odd yōō use u in circus
visitors after nightfall.

Your Word Logs
This is a special place where you can keep track of words that are important to
you.
Lesson Word Log

Pages 104 to 109
This is the place for you to list words you need to study. List
the words from any lesson that needs your special attention.
Then they’ll be easy to find when you’re ready to study
them. There’s a page for each unit of your spelling book.
Personal Word Log

Pages 110 to 116
You choose the words to list on these pages. It’s up to you!
Include new words, words that are especially interesting, and
any other words you want to remember. Group the words
into categories any way you like, and write them on these
pages.
• words from other languages
• vivid words
• craft words
• food words
• tricky words
• big words
• music words
• art words
• science and math words
• social studies words
• words you would like to use when you write
• words you are curious about
• words you have trouble pronouncing
• technical words like computer words and business words














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First Course

Teachers using ELEMENTS OF LANGUAGE or ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE may photocopy blackline

Printed in the United States of America

How to Study a Word ........................................................................................................................ v

Holt Spelling iii Lessons and Activities

Spelling Dictionary .......................................................................................................................... 78

Holt Spelling iv Lessons and Activities

2 LOOK at the word.

3 SPELL the word to yourself.

4 WRITE the word while you are looking at it.

5 CHECK what you learned.

Lesson Word Log

Holt Spelling v Lessons and Activities

Say the word.

Think about the rules

Think of a rhyming word

Make up a silly sentence

Holt Spelling vi Lessons and Activities

Proofread your work twice.

Read the words backward.

Look for homophones,

Make a chart to keep track of your spelling errors.

Holt Spelling vii Lessons and Activities

When you watch

Before you write

Here’s a helpful hint:

Holt Spelling viii Lessons and Activities

Word and Notes

Personal Word Log

Holt Spelling ix Lessons and Activities

Lesson 1: Base Word Families

_______________________ _______________________ 11. construct

Holt Spelling Lessons and Activities

Lesson 1: Base Word Families ( continued)

Working with Meaning Read the definitions below. Write the

Holt Spelling 1 Lessons and Activities

Each Spelling Word is half of a pair of homophones. Homophones Spelling Words

_______________________ _______________________ 8. swayed

Holt Spelling 2 Lessons and Activities

Lesson 2: Homophones ( continued)

Spelling Clues: Thinking About Meaning To choose the correct

Holt Spelling 3 Lessons and Activities

Lesson 3: Adding Endings to Words

BASE WORD 3. cheating

_______________________ _______________________ 7. controlling

_______________________ _______________________ 17. _______________

Holt Spelling 4 Lessons and Activities

Lesson 3: Adding Endings to Words ( continued)

Spelling Clues: Comparing Spellings When you proofread, look

Fun with Words Write Spelling Words to replace 12–16.

Holt Spelling 5 Lessons and Activities

Lesson 4: Negative Prefixes

DE- IL- 3. misbehave

Holt Spelling 6 Lessons and Activities

Lesson 4: Negative Prefixes ( continued)

Spelling Clues: Prefixes When you write a word beginning with

Proofreading 7–11. Proofread this message. Circle the misspelled 7. _______________

Holt Spelling 7 Lessons and Activities

Practice Test: Part A

Holt Spelling 8 Lessons and Activities

Practice Test: Part B

1. I ______ my plane. 7. The ______ spoke at our meeting.

3. Do you know how to ______ frozen 9. India became ______ in 1947.

5. Here is the plan for your ______.

_ _ 11. construct

_ _ 8. swayed

_ _ 7. controlling

___________ _ 17. _____

1. I my plane. 7. The spoke at our meeting.

3. Do you know how to frozen 9. India became in 1947.

_ _ 8. approaching

___________ _ 17. _____

___________ _ 18. _____

___________ _ 19. _____

___________ _ 20. _____

___________ _ 17. _____