TỔNG HỢP BÀI MẪU CHỦ ĐỀ TRANSPORTATION by

NGOCBACH
1. (20/02/2016) Some people believe government should spend money on
building train and subway lines to reduce traffic congestion. Others think that
building more and wider roads is the better way to reduce traffic congestion.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
ANSWER
It is true that traffic congestion has
become a serious problem in many
countries and cities. While some
people believe that expanding and
improving the road system is the best
solution, I agree with those who argue
that government investment in the
construction of rail and subway
networks would be more effective.
alleviate [verb]: make something less
severe.
On the one hand, there are strong
reasons to think that building new and
inadequate [adjective]: not enough or
wider roads will alleviate traffic
not good enough.
congestion. Firstly, the existing roads
are obviously inadequate to deal with
the increasing number of cars,
especially in city centres. As many
the outskirts [noun]: the parts of a city
cities have expanded, more people now that are furthest from the centre.

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live on the outskirts and commute to to cope with [phrasal verb]: deal
successfully with something difficult.
work in their cars, so new road routes
must be created to cope with the
volume of traffic [expression]: the
growing volume of traffic. Secondly,
amount of traffic.
even outside the cities, there is
increasing traffic congestion.
Therefore, new interstate roads are
essential to enable drivers to reach their
traffic jams [noun]: a long line of
destination without facing the problem vehicles on a road that cannot move or
can only move very slowly.
of traffic jams.

On the other hand, others argue that the

construction of rail and subway lines
would be a much more effective
solution to the problem of traffic
congestion. One reason is that more
people will be encouraged to leave
relieve pressure on [expression]:
their cars at home, in order to travel
remove or reduce pressure on
more quickly to their destination by somebody or something.
metro or rail services. This will relieve
pressure on the existing roads.
Another reason is that it is sometimes
impossible to build new or wider roads,
particularly in cities, as land is rarely
available to enable such development
to take place. A metro network, built

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underground, would therefore be a
more practical option, and it has proved across the world [expression]:
worldwide or globally.
popular in major cities across the
world.

prioritise [verb]: treat something as

In conclusion, I believe that
more important than other things.
governments should prioritise
spending on rail and metro lines rather
than on building or widening roads in
order to reduce traffic congestion.
299 words

2. (18/06/2016) Cycling is more environmentally friendly than other forms

of transport. Why is it not popular in many places? How can its popularity be
increased?
ANSWER
It is obvious that cycling is more eco- eco-friendly [adjective]: not harmful to
friendly than other forms of private the environment.
transport. There are some reasons for
this trend and some effective measures
can be taken to overcome the
reluctance of the public to use bikes reluctance [noun]: the feeling of not
wanting to do something.
and to make the bicycle a more popular
means of transport

There are several reasons why cycling

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as an activity is not more popular.
Firstly, cycling demands a reasonable
level of physical fitness to cope with a
journey of any length, going up hills cope with [phrasal verb]: deal
successfully with something difficult.
and perhaps confronting biting winds
and rain. Secondly, many people are
of any length [expression]: of any
put off cycling by the danger of using
considerable/significant distance or
busy roads. Although many children time.
used to cycle to school, the roads were
much less hazardous than fifty years confront [verb]: deal with a problem
or difficult situation
ago, and today cyclists have to confront
heavy traffic. Finally, journeys by bike
biting winds [expression]: winds that
generally take longer than travelling by
are very cold and unpleasant.
car, which is a major factor in the busy
and stressful lives which most people
put off [phrasal verb]: make somebody
seem to lead nowadays. lose interest or enthusiasm for
something.

With a little public and private

initiative [noun]: a new plan for
initiative, the popularity of cycling
dealing with something, such as a
could easily be increased. Anyone can problem.
build up their fitness, beginning with
using a bike for short journeys to
school, to work or to the shops. build up [phrasal verb]: to make
yourself/make somebody healthier and
Campaigns in the media, in schools and
stronger.
workplaces could promote the health
benefits of cycling, and offices and

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factories should provide changing
facilities and hot showers for
employees arriving cold or wet by bike.
Authorities must discourage motorists
from using their cars by introducing congestion charges [noun]: money
that you have to pay in order to drive
congestion charges, as in London,
into a city centre.
reducing traffic on the roads and
encouraging more people to use bikes.
If more city cycle lanes are also
constructed, these will keep cyclists
speed up [phrasal verb]: make
safe and speed up journey times. something move or happen more
quickly.

In conclusion, with planning and

investment it should be possible to
increase the popularity of cycling,
especially for all those short trips to
work or school.
300 words

3. (14/03/2019) In some countries, small town-centre shops are going out

of business because people tend to drive to large out-of-town stores. As a
result, people without cars have limited access to out-of town stores, and this
may result in an increase in the use of cars.
Do you think the disadvantages of this change outweigh its advantages?

Essay:

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It is true that in many countries, people
now routinely use their cars to shop at
large supermarkets or superstores
outside the town centre. While this has
a number of advantages, I would argue
that the disadvantages of this trend
outweigh the benefits.
a congestion charge: an amount of
money that people have to pay for driving
their cars into the centre of some cities, as
On the one hand, there are benefits to
a way of stopping the city centre from
be gained by shopping at out-of-town becoming too full of traffic
stores. Firstly, in big cities like
rush hour traffic jams: the time when
London, motorists who shop in city most people are travelling to or from
work/school and so there is too much
centre stores have to pay a congestion
traffic on the roads.
charge to enter the central urban zone.
to grind to a halt: to go slower and then
They may also be unable to avoid rush
stop completely
hour traffic jams when city centre
to load [verb]: to put a large quantity of
traffic grinds to a halt. Secondly, if
things into something
there is a lot of shopping to carry, then
ample [adjective]: enough or more than
a car is very convenient and, for
enough
example, the food items for all the
family can be loaded into the car. Of
course, such out-of-town megastores
provide ample free parking and
encourage car use, in contrast to the
stores in the centre of town.

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On the other hand, I believe that there
are important drawbacks which
a feature of urban living: a typical
outweigh any benefits. One problem quality of city life
is that convenient shopping is a feature
boarded-up shops: shops with their
of urban living and nothing is more windows and doors covered with wood
depressing than a row of boarded-up
derelict buildings: buildings not used
shops and derelict buildings where the and in bad condition
city centre stores used to be. Without
inner city areas: the parts near the centre
these shops, inner city areas become of a city, which often have social
problems
areas of crime and poverty. Another
disadvantage is that poorer people do
not have cars, and out-of-town stores
may be inadequately served by buses. to upgrade and expand public transport
provision: to improve bus and train
Unless local authorities upgrade and
services and to make these services more
expand public transport provision, the available
convenience of out-of-town shopping is
denied to the poorest members of the
community.

In conclusion, despite the advantages

of out-of-town superstores, I consider
that the benefits are outweighed by the
drawbacks.
278 words.

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4. (30/06/2019): Air travel is causing some problems for the environment,
therefore we should increase the price to discourage people. Others disagree
that this is the solution. Discuss both views and give your opinions.
Essay:
It is true that the growth of air travel is
resulting in damage to the
environment. While price increases
might be one measure to tackle the
problem, I would argue that developing
cleaner fuels would be fairer and more
effective.
budget/economy airlines: companies
which offer cheap flights
On the one hand, when the cost of air
to book: to reserve something, such as a
travel is cheap more people can afford
to fly. The growth in popularity of hotel room or a ticket
budget airlines proves that cheap prices a package holiday: a holiday that is
encourage flying. In the UK, for organized by a company at a fixed price,
example, after the 1960s there was a including the cost of a hotel, travel etc.
huge increase in the number of people a holiday resort: a place where lots of
who booked package holidays to people go for a holiday
holiday resorts in Spain, to sunbathe
and get away from it all. Cheap flights
offered by the economy airlines were to sunbathe: to sit or lie in the sun, in
part of these package holidays. order to get brown/to get a suntan
Therefore, it is clear that there is a
definite link between the popularity of
air travel and the cost of buying an to get away from it all: to have a holiday
airline ticket, so raising prices would in a very quiet place where you can relax.
definitely discourage some travellers. to contend: to say that something is true,
especially in an argument
preferable: more attractive or more
On the other hand, I agree with those suitable; to be preferred to something
who contend that other actions would
be preferable. Firstly, raising prices people on limited incomes: people who
would affect only those people on do not have much money
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limited incomes who could no longer
afford air travel. This would unfairly
penalize them, as the rich would
continue to fly as frequently as before.
Secondly, in terms of alternative
measures, investment in advances in
technology to produce cleaner aviation
fuel should be a government priority.
This would cut down on the carbon
emissions of aircraft and make a
significant contribution to reducing our
reliance on fossil fuels.
In conclusion, although raising the
cost of air travel would be an effective
policy to adopt to discourage people
from flying, this would be unfair, and it
would be better environmentally to
concentrate on developing cleaner non-
polluting fuels for aircraft.
to penalize: to put somebody at a
disadvantage by treating them unfairly
advances in technology: the improvement
or development in technology
to be a government priority: something
which is so important that the government
should deal with it first.
to cut down on emissions: to reduce the
amount of gases sent out into the air
to reduce the dependence/reliance on
fossil fuels: to decrease people’s
consumption of fossil fuels, like oil, coal or
gas.
to adopt policies: to start to use particular
policies

284 words

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