Life

Pre-intermediate Unit 8a
Zero and first conditional

When it’s sunny, we usually go to If it’s sunny tomorrow,

the beach. If it rains, we stay at we’ll go to the beach.
home and read.

PRE INTERMEDIATE 4 - ENGLISH

Presentation STUDENT: RUTH MARIBEL MAMANI MAMANI

If 1 present simple, present simple Position of if

You use if or when with the present simple followed by
the present simple in the main clause to talk about facts
and things which are generally true:
If it’s sunny, we go to the beach.
When it’s sunny, we go to the beach.
If it rains, we stay at home.
When it rains, we stay at home.
This is often called the zero conditional.
If 1 present simple, will
You can also use if with the present simple to talk about
a possible future situation or action. You use will / won’t
in the main clause to talk about the result of that
situation or action:
If it’s sunny tomorrow, we’ll go to the beach.
This is often called the first conditional.
Note that you use if with the present simple, not will, to
talk about the future.
(don’t say If it will be sunny tomorrow, we’ll go to the beach.)
You can also use the present simple to talk about the
future after time conjunctions.
You can use if in two possible positions.
• if-clause first: If it rains, we’ll stay at home.
• main clause first: We’ll stay at home if it rains.
When the if-clause is at the beginning of the sentence,
you use a comma to separate it from the main clause.
If it’s sunny, we’ll go to the beach.
if or when?
When you talk about things that are generally true, you
can use if or when. There’s no difference.
If it’s sunny / When it’s sunny ... If it rains / When it
rains ...
When you talk about situations in the future, there is a
difference between if and when.
If I see Jim, I’ll let him know. (You don’t know if you’re
going to see Jim, but you know it’s a possibility.)
When I see Jim, I’ll let him know. (You know you are
definitely going to see Jim.)

1 © National Geographic Learning

 Pre-intermediate Unit 8a
Exercises

Exercises
1 Match 1–6 with a–f.
1 I’ll be really surprised 1a a if he passes all his exams.
2 I’ll take a break 2d b when the teacher isn’t in the classroom.
3 If you talk to Ruth, 3f c they’ll cancel the flight.
4 It’s really cold 4e d when I finish this exercise.
5 If the storm doesn’t stop, 5c e when the wind blows from the north.
6 The children always behave badly 6b f will you tell her about the party?
2 Choose the correct verb form.
1 If it ‘s / will be sunny, we’ll need suncream.
2 I bring / ’ll bring my torch if we go out late tonight.
3 If they go / ’ll go in the car, they always take a satnav.
4 She only plays video games if she doesn’t / won’t have any homework.
5 We call / ’ll call you tomorrow if we can get a signal.
6 You stop / will stop at the lights if they are red.
7 If I see Mark at work, I tell / ’ll tell him to call you.
8 My dog won’t hurt you if you speak / ’ll speak to him.
3  Complete the conversation with the present simple or will future form of the
verbs in brackets. Then listen and check.
Conversation 1
A: What do you usually do at the weekend?
B: If I 1 don't have (not / have) any work to do, we 2 often go (often / go) away
somewhere.
Conversation 2
C: What are you doing this weekend?
D: I’m not sure. If the weather 3 it's (be) good, we 4 will take (take)
the kids to the zoo.
Conversation 3
E: Is Tim here today?
F: I don’t know. I haven’t seen him.
E: Well, if you 5 see (see) him, 6 will you let (you let) me know, please?
I need to talk to him.
Conversation 4
G: The receptionist isn’t here today. She’s not well.
H: OK. I’ll tell Laura. She 7 usually covers (usually / cover) on reception if the receptionist
8
is (be) absent.
4 Complete these sentences so that they are true for you.
1 I’ll be tired tomorrow if I don't sleep well  .
2 If I have time this evening, I read a book.  .
3 If I have any free time during the week, I usually take my dogs for walks in the park.  .

2 © National Geographic Learning

Life
Pre-intermediate Unit 8b
Defining relative clauses

Man: Oh look! It’s the actor who makes all those
action films.
Woman: I don’t recognize him.
Man: His last film was about a bank robbery which
goes wrong. It was great.
Woman: Oh yes, I remember! Is that his girlfriend?
Man: Yes, it is. but it isn’t the same girlfriend that he
came with last year.
Woman: I see.
Man: Apparently, she met him in the city where he
made his last film.

Presentation

Use who, which, that, and where to introduce defining relative clauses. These clauses give us essential information
about people, things, possessions, places or a time.
• Use who for people: He’s an actor who makes science-fiction films.
• Use which for things: I only watch films which make me laugh.
• Use where for a place: That’s the town where we met.
You can also use that for people or things instead of who or which:
It isn’t the same girlfriend that he brought last year.
It isn’t the same girlfriend who he brought last year.

Exercises
1 Match 1–5 with a–e.
1 He’s the person 1a a  who’s always late for work.
2 He only does jobs 2d b  fired me.
3 I saw him at the weekend at that café 3e c  looks after IT.
4 Christine is the woman that 4c d   which he likes doing.
5 That’s the manager who 5b e  where we often go after work.

1 © National Geographic Learning

 Pre-intermediate Unit 8b
Exercises

2 Underline the correct word or underline both words if they are both correct.

when where which who whose

A: What are you looking at?

B: The photos 1which / who we took on holiday last year. Look! This is
the villa 2where / which we stayed.
A: Oh yes. It was really nice there.
A: Yes, it was. And this is the car 3where / which we rented.
B: Who’s this?
A: He’s the man 4who / that showed us round the island. He was a
really good tour guide. He took us to places 5where / that other
tourists never go.
B: Oh yes, I remember. And we visited the palace 6which / that the king uses for his summer holidays.
A: That’s right.
3 Complete the sentences with who, which or where and the phrases in the box.

controls the traffic  play our favourite song  stores information  you can relax  you eat on your birthday

1 It’s something  which stores information.

 .

4 It’s someone  who controls the traffic.

 .

2 It’s a place  where you can relax  .

5 This is the cake  which you eat on your  .

birthday.
3 That’s the band  who/ that play our favorite
 . song.
4 Complete these sentences so that they are true for you.
1 A good teacher is someone who who does his job with enthusiasm.  .
2 Home is a place where where a person lives, where he feels security, calm and peace.  .
3 I usually read books which which are written by women.  .

2 © National Geographic Learning

Unit 8
Unit 8 Extension
1 Read the article. Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1 The writer says that e-readers have improved in recent years.
T
2 The writer says that all e-readers are easy to read in the sun. F
3 The writer thinks that they can be useful at home and away from home. T
4 The writer thinks that lending and borrowing books is easier with an e-reader. F

E-readers
In the last few years, e-readers (electronic gadgets for reading books) have become better and
cheaper. The e-readers of today are nicer to use and have some useful new features.
First of all, they are now easier to read in different situations. For example, they usually have a
screen that you can well see even in bright sunlight. Furthermore, many come with an internal
light. In other words, they are very useful when you are travelling and if you like reading in bed.
On the other hand, if you read a book on an e-reader, you don’t have a real book in your hands.
As a result, you can’t really share books with friends.
To sum up, e-readers can be very convenient. However, many people still prefer the experience
of reading real books.

2 Read the article again and then complete this plan with the main points.

Paragraph 1 (introduction):

• now better and cheaper

Paragraph 2 (advantages):

• used to read books in different situations

• have
a screen that can be seen well even in bright sunlight.
Also, many come with internal light.

Paragraph 3 (disadvantages):

•
You don't have the book in your hands
so you can't share books with friends.

Paragraph 4 (conclusion):

•
e-books are very convenient

but still many people prefer to read real books.

Life Pre-intermediate   © Cengage Learning, Inc

 Unit 8
Unit 8 Extension
3 Find synonyms in the article for these connecting words and phrases.
1 To put it differently in other words
2 For instance
For example
3 For that reason As a result
4 In conclusion To sum up
5 Moreover Furthermore
6 To begin with
First of all
7 But However
8 In contrast On the other hand

4 Read the writing task and answer the questions below.

Look at these notes for an article about tablet computers. Write an article about
their advantages and disadvantages. Use connecting words in your article.
Intro:
tablet computers – smaller and more useful than laptops
Advantages:
small, light, easy to carry
the touch screen makes it easy to do many things (e.g. artwork)
Disadvantages:
many people find the keyboard too small – not so good for writing
Conclusion:
very useful

1 What are you going to write about?

a Why you should buy a tablet computer.
b What’s good and bad about tablet computers.
2 What should you do in the conclusion? Choose a, b or c.
a give your final opinion
b advise people to buy a tablet
c point out the disadvantages of laptops

5 Now follow the task in Exercise 4 and write an article on the advantages and disadvantages of a tablet.
In recent years, tablet computers have become more useful and
cheaper

than a laptop.
Today's tablets are more pleasant to use and have some useful new features.

First
of all, the tablet is smaller and lighter, so it is really easy to carry at all times, On the other hand the touch
screen

makes it easy to do many things eg works of art so operation can be easier.

However, many people find the keyboard too small, not so good for typing, so it doesn't allow for too many
complex tasks to be performed at once.
Life Pre-intermediate   © Cengage Learning, Inc

To sum up, the tablet computers can be very useful. However, many people still prefer the experience of a laptop.
Unit 8
Unit 8 Extra practice
1 Vocabulary internet verbs
Match these verbs with the correct phrases.

connect download log in play search set up subscribe upload write

1 play online games

2 set up with your user name and password
3
upload photos to a social networking site
4 search the web for something
5 write a blog about your interests
6 subscribe to a weekly podcast
7 log in a new email account
8
download music from an online store
9 connect to the internet with wifi

2 Vocabulary human actions

Complete the sentences with these verbs.

fall get get have make solve speak understand

1 Robots can’t get bored with their jobs.

2 These machines are programmed to understand instructions.
3 This computer program helps you to solve problems easily.
4 Writing, reading and talking to people can all help you have new ideas.
5 People always remember the first time they fall in love.
6 I often feel angry when I get hungry.
7 To speak a new language you must make mistakes!

3 Vocabulary instructions
Put the letters in the correct order to complete the sentences.
1 I always charge my phone overnight. The battery doesn’t last long. (GARCHE)
2 Use the remote control to turn the TV on. (RNTU)
3 In the case of emergency press the red button. (SRPES)
4 To make it go forwards push the lever away from you. (HPUS)
5 To make it go backwards pull the lever towards you. (LUPL)

Life Pre-intermediate   © Cengage Learning, Inc

Unit 8
Unit 8 Extra practice
4 Wordbuilding dependent prepositions
Match the two parts of the sentences.
1 People who spend too many hours online sometimes have a problem b
2 Humans are good d
3 We have become interested a
4 If we depend too much h 1b
5 Scientists are always working e 2d
6 Phone companies are always thinking f 3a
7 We found a washing machine that was very similar c 4h
8 The way an elephant uses its trunk gave scientists the idea g
5e
a on new ways to use technology in education and health. 6f
b with communicating in the real world.
7c
c to the one we wanted, but cheaper. 8g
d at learning new ways to do things when their world changes.
e in finding new forms of energy that are cheaper and cleaner.
f of extra features to make us want to buy the new model.
g for a robotic arm which is strong but can do things very carefully.
h on our technology, we start to become unhappy.

5 Vocabulary revision
Put the letters in order to find the names of inventions and gadgets. What is the hidden word?
1 BUS TSIKCS 1
U S B S T I C K
2 ROCPIETHOOP 2

3 RAMCEA P H O T O C O P I E R
3

4 PALPOT C A M E R A
5 NIWD RUBITEN
4
L A P T O P
5
6 ITNIRPE W I N D T U R B I N E
6
7 IRDAYERH
P R I N T E R
8 ORVLCE 7

The hidden word is an invention

H A I R D R Y E R
8
which has changed the world. V E L C R O

Life Pre-intermediate   © Cengage Learning, Inc

Unit 8
Unit 8 Revision
1 Match the two parts of the sentences. Complete the sentences with who, which or where.
1 Rob lives in a part of the USA where (c) a my Canadian friend lives.
2 Most of my friends listen to music who (e) b I saw advertised online.
3 With Google Earth I can see the street where (a) c wind turbines are widely used.
4 John Logie Baird was the man who (f) d use nanorobots for cancer treatment.
5 That’s the camera which (b) e they download from the internet.
6 This is an article about researchers which (d) f invented the earliest form of television.

2 Join the two sentences with the correct relative pronoun (who, which, where).
1 I bought an umbrella. You can carry it in your pocket.
I bought an umbrella which you can carry in your pocket.
2 I can’t remember the website. I saw the information on the website.
I can’t remember the website where I saw the information on the website.
3 Do you know the girl? She writes this travel blog.
Do you know the girl? Who She writes this travel blog.
4 That’s the phone. Susan keeps talking about it.

That’s the phone which Susan keeps talking about it.
5 I need to go back to the bank. I opened an account at the bank.
I need to go back to the bank where I opened an account at the bank.
6 Joe has a cousin. Joe’s cousin designs websites.
Joe has a cousin who designs websites.

3 Circle the correct option.

1 Is that one of those gadgets who / which helps you find your keys?
2 That’s the building which / where my sister works.
3 The feature which / who I like best on my smartphone is the GPS.
4 That’s the designer who / which I read about online.
5 It is a form of communication where / that millions of people use every day.
6 That’s the university who / where I studied Information Technology.
7 Simone Giertz is a YouTuber who / which invents useless robots.

Life Pre-intermediate   © Cengage Learning, Inc

Unit 8
Unit 8 Revision
4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs.
1 We will get (get) there much quicker if we use the satnav.
2 When I go for a run, I often downlad (often / download) a podcast to listen to.
will be
3 Cars (be) more environmentally friendly if manufacturers adopt this new technology.
4 Do you feel (you / feel) very tired if you don’t get enough sleep?
5 If I see Mara tomorrow, I 'll tell (tell) her to read your blog.
6 If you heat water to 100° C, it boils . (boil).

5 Underline the mistake in each sentence and then correct it. Use the present simple or will.
1 If scientists will continue to explore the universe, will they find new life forms? continue
2 You won’t be able to download the software for your iPhone if you won’t connect to a wifi network.
3 I always order pizza if I’ll have to work late. if I work late .
4 If you email him tonight, he sees it early tomorrow morning. he'll see...
5 If you plugged this into your laptop, the downloading begins automatically. If you plug ....
6 If you will subscribe, they’ll send you weekly updates. they send...

6 Choose the correct option (a or b) to complete the sentences.

1 The optician fixed your glasses has left a message on your voicemail.
a which b who
2 Did you see the note I left on your computer screen?
a where b which
3 Is that the website you found all the information?
a where b which
4 If I don’t charge my mobile, I any battery left.
a  don’t have b  won’t have
5 Zoe says she me her laptop when she buys a new one.
a gives b will give
6 If people work too hard, they stressed.
a  usually get b  will usually get

Life Pre-intermediate   © Cengage Learning, Inc