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PROGRESS IN RIVER ENGINEERING
& HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES

VOLUME 1

MOHAMMED BAQER N. AL-BAGHDADI

EDITOR

International Energy and Environment Foundation

2018
Copyright © 2018 by International Energy and Environment Foundation.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic,
magnetic, tape, mechanical photocopying, recording or otherwise without the
written permission of the Publisher.

NOTICE TO THE READER

The Publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this book, but makes
no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any
errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages
in connection with or arising out of information contained in this book. The
Publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages
resulting, in whole or in part, from the readers’ use of, or reliance upon, this
material. Any parts of this book based on government reports are so indicated and
copyright is claimed for those parts to the extent applicable to compilations of such
works.

Independent verification should be sought for any data, advice or recommendations

contained in this book. In addition, no responsibility is assumed by the publisher for
any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from any methods,
products, instructions, ideas or otherwise contained in this publication.

This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information with

regard to the subject matter covered herein. It is sold with the clear understanding
that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering legal or any other professional
services. If legal or any other expert assistance is required, the services of a
competent person should be sought.

Progress in River Engineering & Hydraulic Structures: Volume 1/

Mohammed Baqer N. Al-Baghdadi (editor).

ISBN-13: 978-1985202061

ISBN-10: 1985202069

International Energy and Environment Foundation.

www.IEEFoundation.org

Water Research Center, WRC

www.WRC.IEEFoundation.org
 INTERNATIONAL
ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT
FOUNDATION
www.IEEFoundation.org www.WRC.IEEFoundation.org

CONTENTS

Preface iii

List of contributors v

Chapter 1 Optimum Safe Hydraulic Design of Stepped Spillway. 1

Ishraq M. R. A. Al-Shareefi, Abdul-Hassan K. Al-Shukur,
Safaa K. Hashim Al-Khalaf

Chapter 2 Investigation of Local Scour Around Curved Groynes. 93

Huda Hadi Al-Yassiry, Hayder A. K. Al-Thamiry, Hasan
Mahdi M. Al-Khateeb

Chapter 3 Investigating the Setting of the Entrance of Vertical Suction 229

Pipes in Storm Water Pump Station.
Ali Hussein Athab, Hasan Mahdi M. Al-Khateeb, Hayder A. K.
Al-Thamiry

Chapter 4 Experimental Investigation to Determine the Discharge 317

Coefficient of Piano Key Weir.
Zainab Ahmed El-Katib, Saleh I. Khassaf, Laith J. Aziz

Chapter 5 Manning Roughness Coefficient of Ferrocement Canals 469

Strengthened Using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer.
Batool Adel Farhan, Hayder Talib Nimnim

Copyright © 2018 International Energy and Environment Foundation. All rights reserved.
 Progress in River Engineering & Hydraulic Structures – Volume 1 iii

PREFACE

Water is the essential element that all life-forms on our planet are dependent on. It
is impossible to assess its value because it is equal to the life itself. Humans realized
this fact long time ago and they always endeavored to control and manage water
resources as they were afflicted by the drought and flood events throughout history.
Therefore, the engineering of water resources and hydraulic structures is as old as
the human civilization. The earliest known engineered irrigation system was
developed in ancient Mesopotamia (Iraq); an advanced system of dikes, dams and
canals was built for the purpose of irrigation and flood control. The main water
sources for this system were the rivers Euphrates and Tigris. During plant growing
seasons, the flow of water was properly regulated. Each farmer was allowed a
certain amount of water, which was diverted from the canal into an irrigation ditch.
The oldest known engineering plan of such an irrigation system has been
documented on some unique and ancient clay tablet which has been discovered in
Babylonia (belonging to 1684-1647 BC). It shows a map of canals with cuneiform
scripts providing details about names, lengths, widths and depths of the canals and
the volume of sediment to be dredged. Mesopotamians have acquired the expertise
of maintaining their irrigation system over thousands of years. This contribution
was a major step toward the modernization of humanity.
The Water Research Center (located in Iraq), which is dedicated to the exchange of
knowledge and technology in the water sector, has been inspired by those ancient
engineers, hence published this book series entitled “Progress in River
Engineering & Hydraulic Structures”. It is intended to be a worldwide platform
for the contemporary research in this field. Chapters of this series demonstrate the
stringent need for new solutions and technologies in the subject of river engineering
and hydraulic structures. The chapters cover a wide range of problems related to
river regime and training works, performance of different kinds of hydraulic
structures and any related multidisciplinary research. We believe that through the
collaboration of researchers, engineers and professionals, we can accelerate the
development in these areas. The book is aimed to serve as a reference for both
researchers and postgraduate students.

I express my gratitude for the effort and commitment of all of the participants who
submitted chapters upon my requests and for implementing the numerous notes I
have been recommending to them.

Mohammed Baqer N. Al-Baghdadi

Director of Water Research Center, Editor
wrc.ieefoundation.org

Copyright © 2018 International Energy and Environment Foundation. All rights reserved.
 Progress in River Engineering & Hydraulic Structures – Volume 1 v

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Safaa K. Hashim Al-Khalaf

Structures & Water Resources Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, University of
Kufa, Najaf, Iraq.

Hasan Mahdi M. Al-Khateeb

Civil Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq.

Ishraq M. R. A. Al-Shareefi
Civil Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq.

Abdul-Hassan K. Al-Shukur
Civil Engineering Dept., College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Iraq.

Hayder A. K. Al-Thamiry
Water Resources Engineering Dept., College of Engineering, University of Baghdad,
Iraq.

Huda Hadi Al-Yassiry

Civil Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq.

Ali Hussein Athab

Civil Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq.

Laith J. Aziz
Civil Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq.

Zainab Ahmed El-Katib

Civil Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq.

Batool Adel Farhan

Civil Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq.

Saleh I. Khassaf
Civil Engineering Dept., College of Engineering, University of Basrah, Iraq.

Hayder Talib Nimnim

Civil Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq.

Copyright © 2018 International Energy and Environment Foundation. All rights reserved.

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