Literature Review Matrix

No Author/ Date Theoretical Research Methodology Analysis/Results Conclusion Limitations

Framework Question/
Hypothesis
1 Akhtar Bibi, Mayu Lin, Does stress, The target group German DASS-21 Effect sizes were Pakistan and Germany
Xiao C.Z., Jurgen depression and included participants were generally indicated medium to large differ not only in their
Margraf (2020) anxiety affect all ages members recruited through good for the symptoms level of
among of the Malaysian an online survey, psychometric of depression and economic and social
Psychometric population while the Pakistani properties within anxiety, development
properties and sample was both samples. It respectively. The but also, in terms of
measurement recruited was higher levels of religion. Most
invariance through online shown to be a depression and Pakistani live
of Depression, survey and paper– reliable, valid, and anxiety strictly according to
Anxiety and Stress pencil method. economical scale symptoms were Islamic disciplines,
Scales (DASS-21) to consistent with while Germans
across cultures? assess symptoms the higher have much freedom
of depression and prevalence and variety with regard
anxiety in both rate of depression to their
the Pakistani and and anxiety religious practices.
German cultural among university
context. students
in Pakistan
2 Amy Dawel, Yiyun Shou, Does recent Focused on those The study Their results were We found the Interventions to
Michael Smithson, adversity, COVID- individuals most comprises seven consistent with the social, work, and counteract the social,
Nicolas Cherbuin, (2020) 19 exposure, work directly affected survey waves linear financial financial and role
and social impacts by disease (e.g., initiated online models. Likewise, disruptions disruptions induced by
of COVID-19, and infected fortnightly, via the models induced by COVID-19,
mental health individuals and Qualtrics Research included the acute phase of particularly among
measures affected their families, Services. categorical the COVID-19 people with existing
among Australian healthcare Recruitment was predictors pandemic was health conditions, are
Adults? workers and conducted using with small associated with likely to have the
examined mental quota sampling to subsample sizes, considerable greatest impact on
health impacts obtain a so cross-validation impairments in community mental
across broader representative was conducted community health
 communities sample to ensure that the mental health in and wellbeing
models were Australian adults.
stable
3 Li Ping Wong ID, Does the level and This study aimed The Cronbach’s alpha The necessity of Cross-sectional
Haridah Alias, Afiqah temporal trend of to measure the researchers used was calculated for monitoring design: we identified
Alyaa Md Fuzi, Intan mental level of mental social network the overall scale mental health associations but could
Sofia Omar (2021) health of the health of the platforms and the three disorders among not infer cause and
Malaysian public Malaysian public (Facebook, subscales to assess the public during effect.
during the COVID- approximately 2 Twitter, Instagram, reliability the
19 pandemic? months after the and WhatsApp) to in terms of internal COVID-19
pandemic’s onset disseminate consistency. In pandemic and
which and advertise the this study, the subsequently
respondents were survey, entitled DASS-21 had providing
from the general ‘COVID-19 adequate to very targeted
Malaysian public Health and good internal interventions for
and 18 years old Wellbeing consistency, with people at elevated
and above. Survey’, to the Cronbach’s alphas risks, as
public. of 0.956 for the identified in this
Questions were overall scale, study.
presented in both 0.927 for the
English and DASS-21-D,
Bahasa Malaysia 0.865 for the
in the survey link. DASS-21-A and
0.882 for the
DASS-21-S.
4 Anne Yee, Nur Aqilah Determine The pandemic’s It was nationwide DASS-21 severity Depressive Due to the nature of the
Mohd Hodori, Yu-Zhen the prevalence of onset which cross-sectional of depression symptoms MCO implementation,
Tung (2021) depression during respondents were study using level, were associated coupled
the MCO, from the general respondent-driven 149 (28.2%) with impaired with the risk of
associated factors Malaysian public sampling. respondents were quality of life. contagion, our study
and coping and 18 years old Respondents were classified as mild- Patients was conducted
strategies and above eligible if they to-severe with depressive using an online
between were Malaysian depressed. Of symptoms had questionnaire.
Malaysians with citizens, aged 18 those, 55 (10.4%), poorer
and without years old and 50 (9.5%), 23 functioning than
 depression and above, able to read (4.4%), and patients with no
evaluate the impact English or Malay, 21 (4.0%) were depressive
of the MCO on and resided in categorized as symptoms
Malaysians’ Malaysia during mild, moderate,
quality of life. the severe, and
MCO. extremely severe,
respectively.
5 Nor Zuriati Amani Ab Economic The lowest 40 Data analyzed All items are The findings The discriminant
Rani, Rospidah Ghazali, vulnerability factor percent household using IBM-SPSS- accepted as factors confirm that the validity for all
Chamhuri Siwar, Zaidi consists of loss of income (B40) in AMOS through of vulnerability economic, social / constructs is achieved
Isa, Mohd Khairi Ismail employment and the Southern Confirmatory except three items physical, and when diagonal values
(2019) income sources, Region of Factor Analysis are EK10 (from environmental are higher than the
increase in prices Kelantan. (CFA). CFA economic items are the values in the row and
and cost of Respondents of analysis was construct), SF1 vulnerability columns
production and this study consist conducted after (from the factors that affect
capital shortage. of the head of implementation of social/physical the lives of B40
While for social / household (KIR) Exploratory Factor construct) and households in the
physical with the lowest 40 Analysis (EFA). AS1 (from the Southern Region
vulnerability percent income environmental of Kelantan.
(B40). construct) are
eliminated due to
lower factor
loading values.
6 Sharmila Thinagar, Siti Descriptive analysis A total of 504 The distribution of The study The key findings If the total population
Nurul Munawwarah was used to B40 respondents. questionnaires was identified the of this study is more than 100,000,
Roslan, Mohd Khairi describe the profile Most respondents carried out online types of showed that more researchers need a total
Ismail ,Norshamliza of respondents, the were male (Google form) for expenditure than 70% of of 384 samples for
Chamhuri (2021) financial analysis, (55.2%) and the whole of components that respondents analysis and it is
and the female (44.5%). Malaysia between affect the income representing the sufficient to describe
consumption of All respondents 1 April 2020 and of B40 B40 population the characteristics of
B40 respondents. In are households 30 May 2020. households. The suffer from the population.
this study, multiple that reside in determination of decreasing
regressions involve Malaysia during consumption income or job
explanatory the MCO factors affecting losses. More
variables consisting implementation B40 income was worryingly, only
 of dependent period. analysed using a 5.6% of
components and multiple respondents save
include explanatory regression analysis expenses for
variables such as more than six
housing loans (X1), months. This can
personal loans cause more urban
(X2), vehicle loans poverty-related
(X3), credit card problems such as
payments (X4), rising homeless
business loans people, increased
(X5), education crime rates and
loans (X6), disorders in
individual debts mental health.
(X7) and house rent
payments (X8) and
the variable
criterion (Y) of
income of B40
respondents.
7 T. S. Sathyanarayana Myth of an ideal Research in the Most adults suffer As professionals Work, family and Due to this new mix of
Rao, Vishal India (2021) employee field adverse engaged in the personal life gender
perpetuated by the of work and health effects from mental health of should be equity, shifting role
society family has stress, and 75– people, it complimentary to expectations, and
creates intense time effects of stress 90% of all is important to each other and family time scarcity,
pressure, The affecting co- physician office consider work–life not conflicting many men and women
percentage of workers, spouses, visits are for balance as a with each other. are required to find
women in the active children, and the stress-related priority issue Some are new ways to
work population community at ailments and and make successful in their balance their
has increased large complaints. appropriate careers but fail in professional and
rapidly in many changes in the family and personal lives.
countries, Cultures working personal
differ, Impact of conditions, life, whereas
technology on thereby not only some others who
work-life balance, increasing the have a vibrant
and implications of long-term personal and
 work-life balance. productivity of family life are
communities but below par at
also protecting the work.
social fabric of our
society against
irreversible
damage.
8 Huiyang Dai , Stephen X. Aims to examine Mental health of Stratified sampling These predictors Healthcare Firstly, because we
Zhan , Kim Hoe Looi , individuals’ patients, based on regions, carried quadratic service providers aimed to identify
Rui Su, Jizhen Li (2020) perception of health healthcare specifically the associations with could use adults’ predictors for
conditions and of workers, and the principal various mental perceived health healthcare
test availability as general administrative health dimensions, conditions service providers in
predictors of population during divisions in implying a need to and perceived developing screening
insomnia, anxiety, the COVID-19 Malaysia focus on COVID-19 test for mental disorders,
depression, and pandemic. of 13 states curvilinear availability to cross-sectional data
distress during (Negeri) and 3 predictors of identify mentally were used and
the COVID-19 federal territories mental health. vulnerable adults. should not be taken as
pandemic. (Wilayah The curvilinear evidence of causality.
Persekutuan). And relationships Secondly, we used SF-
cluster-sampling highlight the need 1, a brief one-item
based on the to pay more measure of
ethnicity, gender, attention to adults general health
and age groups of with perceived condition, and future
the Malaysian poor health research may use the
population conditions lengthier form of SF-12
and adults who or SF-36.
believe they lack
access to a
COVID-19 test.
Healthcare
service providers
such as
hospitals may be
able to use the
prior health
 records of their
patients and
COVID-19
testing coverage
to help identify
those who need
more mental
health assistance.
9 Lambert Zixin Lia, Senhu Data for this study General Health Lockdown and People who live Two social They cannot make a
Wang (2020) come from the first Questionnaire quarantine, with a partner and determinants of causal claim with
wave of (GHQ-12) and General are in paid general the cross-sectional
Understanding frequency of psychiatric employment have psychiatric design. Further
Society COVID-19 loneliness during disorders and significantly lower disorders and research could use
Study, a special COVID-19 in the loneliness is levels of loneliness during panel data to
wave of the UK United Kingdom, arguably more psychiatric COVID-19. improve causal
Household a country heavily widespread than disorders than Having a job and inference. With such
Longitudinal Study hit by the the specific those who do not living with a data, they could also
(UKHLS), which pandemic. We psychiatric live with a partner partner are both study incidence
provides high- analyzed 15,530 disorders in the and are out of significant rates in addition to
quality, nationally respondents of the past studies work. Moreover, protective factors prevalence rates,
representative panel first large-scale, more likely to be compared with for general offering an accurate
data of United nationally prevalent in the without COVID- psychiatric assessment
Kingdom representative developed 19-related disorders and of the mental health
households. After survey of countries symptoms, people loneliness. consequences that are
pairwise COVID-19 in a and more severely who ever had directly attributed
deletion of 1% of developed affecting the symptoms, to the COVID-19
missing cases, we country socioeconomically and especially pandemic.
obtain an analytic disadvantaged people who
sample of groups currently have
15,530 respondents. symptoms have
significantly
higher odds of
frequent
loneliness. Finally,
there are no
 significant
differences
between different
UK countries
10 Denison Jayasooria Demographic Located in Urban Meeting with local Improving quality The B40 in cities The absence of local
(2020) figures and break Centres such as neighborhood of life as well as and urban centres government elections
down of the ethnic the Klang Valley security committee improve level of are key target as and difficult to hold
figures are needed in the Kuala and second, visit to social cohesion at there is a focus local leaders and
to recognise Lumpur and all neighbourhoods neighbourhood on addressing agencies accountable.
neighbourhood surrounding including a walk level, 7 key inequality, there
differences to areas, Central about, third principles is so much
enhance social Malaya in Kinta organised focus identified first, prosperity in the
cohesion and sense Valley in Perak, group discussion organised cities and urban
neighbourliness, Northern Malaya, and fourth, neighbourhood centres in
understanding and area in Penang neighbourhood community, Malaysia but
collective action in and in Johor filled community identification of there is another
solving Bharu. form. Lastly, core local issues, side of city where
neighbourhood members attended solutions related the urban poor &
concerns. a capacity building activities and B40 lives which
program where agency needs urgent
interaction with involvement. intervention.
the researchers and
officials on
problem solving.
11 Rory C. O’Connor, Karen The study Depression, A quota survey A total of 3077 The mental health The sample is likely to
Wetherall, Seonaid investigates the anxiety, suicidal design and a adults in the UK and well-being of underestimate the
Cleare, Heather mental health and and self-harm sampling frame completed the the UK adult mental health effects of
McClelland, Ambrose J. well-being of adults history, defeat, that permitted survey at wave 1. population COVID-19 as those
Melson, Claire L. in the UK in the entrapment, recruitment of a Suicidal ideation appears to have who are digitally
Niedzwiedz, Ronan E. early weeks of the loneliness, and national sample increased over been affected in excluded may be
O’Carroll, Daryl B. COVID-19 well-being have was employed. time. Symptoms of the initial phase underrepresented.
O’Connor, Steve Platt, pandemic. positive anxiety, and levels of the COVID-19 Those who did not
Elizabeth Scowcroft, relationship with of defeat and pandemic. The complete all waves
Billy Watson, Tiago the mental health entrapment increasing rates tended to have worse
Zortea, Eamonn Ferguson and well-being of decreased across of suicidal mental health at wave
 and Kathryn A. Robb adults in the UK waves whereas thoughts across 1.
(2020) in the early weeks levels of waves, especially
of the COVID-19 depressive among young
pandemic. symptoms did not adults, are
change concerning.
significantly.
Positive well-
being also
increased. Levels
of loneliness did
not change
significantly over
waves.
12 Sayed K. AliID, Jasmit Study of the There is positive A cross sectional 255 nurses, 171 Nurses directly Our study has major
Shah, Zohray Talib relationship relationship study was carried (67.1%) consented involved with implications including
(2021) between the covid between the out between to complete the COVID-19 the need for cost-
19 and the mental frontline and August and survey. Frontline patients reported effective and easy to
well-being of second line nurses November 2020 nurses reported higher rates of implement strategies
nurses in a tertiary with depression, among nurses experiencing more mental health across the healthcare
facility in Kenya. anxiety, insomnia, recruited from the moderate to severe symptoms. system to support the
distress, and Aga Khan symptoms of Burnout threatens mental well-being of
burnout. University depression, to exacerbate the healthcare workers
Hospital, Nairobi. distress, and pre-existing especially nurses.
Survey burnout. severe nursing
questionnaire. Furthermore, workforce
females reported shortage in low
more burnout as resource settings.
compared to
males.
13 Jane Cooley Fruehwirth , The study aimed to There is positive Survey data were White, female, and Colleges may be 1st Participants who did
Siddhartha Biswas, estimate the effect relationship collected via two sexual/gender able to reduce the not respond to the
Krista M. Perreira of the pandemic on between the 25-minute minority (SGM) mental health initial email invitation
(2021) the mental health of mental health of Qualtrics surveys students were at consequences of were sent a follow-up
college students. first year college completed on-line highest risk of Covid-19 by invitation offering a
students with as part of Waves I increases in investing in $10 gift card to
 mental health, and II of the anxiety symptoms. resources to participants
covid19 stressors Transitions Study. Non-Hispanic reduce difficulties 2nd offered participants
and psychosocial Wave I was (NH) Black, with distance a $15 gift card
resources. initiated in female, and SGM learning and
October/November students were at reduce social
2019 with an email highest risk of isolation during
invitation to a increases in the pandemic.
random sample of depression
in-state. symptoms.
roughly four General
months after the difficulties
start of the associated with
pandemic, they distanced learning
invited 738 of the and social
Wave I isolation
respondents who contributed to the
indicated a increases in both
willingness to depression and
participate in anxiety
additional surveys symptoms. 
to complete a
follow-up survey.
14 Theo G van This study aimed to There is positive Data were Compared to In this pandemic, Visiting older people
Tilburg , Stephanie understand the relationship collected from seven months the loneliness of was explicitly
Steinmetz , Elske effect of the between Dutch 1,679 Dutch before, the older people discouraged and, for
Stolte, Henriëtte van der pandemic with older adults with community- respondents were increased, but many, professional care
Roest, Daniel H de Dutch older adults social and dwelling more socially mental health was halted or limited.
Vries (2020) in loneliness. emotional participants aged (Cohen’s d = 0.21 remained roughly For more details about
loneliness. 65-102 years indicates a small stable. The policy the Dutch case, please
comprising a effect) and, measures for consult the
longitudinal online especially, physical Supplementary
panel. Social and emotionally lonely distancing did not Material.
emotional (d = 0.49, a cause much
loneliness and medium effect) social isolation
mental health were during the but personal
 measured in May pandemic. For losses, worries
2020, that is, 2 example, about the
months after the agreement with pandemic, and a
implementation of the item ‘I miss decline in trust in
the measures, and having people societal
earlier in October around me’ institutions were
and November Accepted associated with
2019. Manuscript increased mental
increased by 34 health problems
percentage points and especially
from October emotional
2019 to May 2020, loneliness.
and experiencing
emptiness
increased by
sixteen percentage
points.
15 Reza To study the impact There is positive This cross- In terms of This study Establishing a targeted
Shahriarirad, Amirhossei of mental health of relationship sectional web- depression, being identified a major mental health support
n Erfani, Keivan covid19 in Iran between Iran based survey was a healthcare mental health program, surveillance,
Ranjbar, Amir This study citizen with carried out through worker was an problem in the and monitoring of
Bazrafshan & Alireza identified a major depression and various social associated risk Iranian consequences of
Mirahmadizadeh (2021) mental health anxiety. media platforms factor. On the population during psychological problems
problem in the such as Instagram, other hand, for the time of the during the time of
Iranian population WhatsApp, and anxiety, having COVID-19 public emergencies
during the time of Telegram. The link higher education outbreak. such as disease
the COVID-19 of the was a protective outbreaks is advised.
outbreak. questionnaire was factor while a
shared through higher number of
social media in individuals in a
which participants household was
could view the considered as a
questions simply risk factor.
by clicking on the
link and answer
 the questions.
16 Michael L. Tee, This study There is positive From 28 March to The study shows During the early First, the survey was
Cherica A. Tee,  examined the relationship 12 April 2020, that females are phase of the done online and
Joseph P. Anlacan, prevalence of between Luzon when the entire more affected than pandemic in the administered in the
 Katrina Joy G. Aligam, psychiatric Island people Luzon Islands of males. The less Philippines, one- English language.
Patrick Wincy C. Reyes, symptoms and with stress, the Philippines educated, single fourth of Majority of
 Vipat Kuruchittham, identified the anxiety, was under people, children, respondents respondents were well
 and Roger C. Ho (2020) factors contributing depression, and enhanced and adolescents, reported educated with access to
to psychological impact of event. community those who have no moderate-to- the internet. Second,
impact in the quarantine, an children reported severe anxiety the snowball sampling
Philippines. online survey in high levels of and one-sixth strategy was initiated
English language stress, anxiety, reported within the social
was disseminated depression, and moderate-to- network of
through the social psychological severe depression academicians and
media using impact. These and psychological healthcare
snowball sampling subgroups, impact. The professionals and may
technique. considered at factors identified not be representative of
greater risk for can be used to the general population.
adverse devise effective Third, the survey was
psychological psychological rolled in the early
outcomes during a support phase of the pandemic
public health strategies. and the psychological
crisis, may be outcomes may change
experiencing low over the course of the
social and public health crisis.
emotional support,
increased
perceived threat to
well-being and
feelings of fear,
isolation, and
uncertainty.
17 Andrew T. Gloster, The aim of this There is positive A population Not everyone was This study First, the results are
Demetris Lamnisos, study was to relationship based cross- suffering, provides valuable based on cross
Jelena Lubenko, determine mental between mental sectional study however, as insights on sectional analysis and
Giovambattista Presti, health outcomes health with the was conducted to evidenced by the several levels. correlations. Causation
Valeria Squatrito, during pandemic impact of covid19 explore how nearly 40% of First, it cannot be inferred and
Marios Constantinou, induced lockdowns pandemic. people across the participants who documents the any delayed impact of
Christiana Nicolaou, and to examine world reacted to reported levels of mental health the pandemic and
Savvas Papacostas, known predictors of the COVID-19. mental health outcomes across lockdown on peoples’
Gökçen Aydın, mental health The anonymous consistent with a broad sample mental health was not
Yuen Yu Chong, outcomes. online survey was flourishing. The during the captured. Second, all
Wai Tong Chien, distributed using a present results, COVID-19 global results of this survey
Ho Yu Cheng, range of methods. while serious, do pandemic. were obtained via self-
Francisco J. Ruiz, Universities not point to more Second, it report questionnaires,
Maria B. Garcia-Martin, emailed the online severe reactions informs about the which can be subject to
Diana P. Obando-Posada, survey to students observed in conditions and retrospective response
Miguel A. Segura- and academic staff previous samples resilience factors bias. Third, although
Vargas, and posted the of selective (social support, the sample was large
Vasilis S. Vasiliou, survey link to their quarantined education, and and based on varied
Louise McHugh, websites. To individuals or psychological recruitment sources, it
Stefan Höfer, broaden the groups. flexibility) and was not representative
Adriana Baban, sample to older risk factors (loss of the population and
David Dias Neto, age groups and to of income and under sampled people
Ana Nunes da Silva, those with inability to get who suffered most
Jean-Louis Monestès, different socio- basic supplies) from the pandemic.
Javier Alvarez-Galvez, demographic that affect mental
Marisa Paez-Blarrina, characteristics, the health outcomes.
Francisco Montesinos, survey was Third, these
Sonsoles Valdivia-Salas, disseminated in factors can be
Dorottya Ori, local press. used in future
Bartosz Kleszcz, public health
Raimo Lappalainen, responses are
Iva Ivanović, being made,
David Gosar, including those
Frederick Dionne, that require large
Rhonda M. Merwin, scale lockdowns
Angelos P. Kassianos , or quarantines. 
Maria Karekla 
(2020)
18 Mariah T. Hawes The current study There is positive Depression Across Adolescents and Follow-up is needed to
Aline K. Szenczy, Daniel explored changes in relationship (Children’s participants and young adults at determine the
N. Klein, Greg Hajcak depression and between Stony Depression independent of an early epicentre persistence of these
and Brady D. Nelson anxiety symptoms Brook Inventory) and age, there were of the COVID-19 effects over the course
(2021) from before the University’s anxiety symptoms increased pandemic in the of the pandemic.
pandemic to soon adolescent and (Screen for Child generalized U.S. experienced Finally, without a
after it first peaked young adults with Anxiety Related anxiety and social increased demographic and time-
in Spring 2020 in a panic/somatic Symptoms) were anxiety symptoms. depression and matched control group
sample of symptoms, assessed between In females, there anxiety not impacted by the
adolescents and generalized December 2014 were also symptoms, pandemic, we cannot
young adults (N = anxiety and social and July 2019, increased particularly establish whether
451) living in Long anxiety and, along with depression and amongst females. symptom increases
Island, New York, COVID-19 panic/somatic School and home were causally related to
an early epicentre experiences, symptoms. confinement the COVID-19
of COVID-19 in the symptoms were re- Multivariable concerns related pandemic.
U.S. assessed between linear regression to the pandemic
March 27th and indicated that were
May 15th, 2020. greater COVID-19 independently
school concerns associated with
were uniquely changes in
associated with symptoms.
increased
depression
symptoms. Greater
COVID-19 home
confinement
concerns were
uniquely
associated with
increased
generalized
anxiety symptoms,
and decreased
social anxiety
 symptoms,
respectively.
19 Changwon Son, BS, MS, The study aims to There is positive They conducted The findings of Due to the long- First, the sample size
Sudeep Hegde, BEng, conduct a timely relationship interview surveys this study bring lasting pandemic for the interview
MS, PhD, [...], and assessment of the between covid19 with 195 students into focus the situation and survey was relatively
Farzan Sasangohar, BA, effects of the and the mental at a large public effects of onerous measures small compared to
BCS, MASc, SM, PhD COVID-19 health issues of university in the pandemic-related such as lockdown typical survey-only
(2020) pandemic on the college students. United States to transitions on the and stay-at-home studies; however, the
mental health of understand the mental health and orders, the survey interview
college students. effects of the well-being of this COVID-19 approach affords the
pandemic on their specific pandemic brings capture of elaboration
mental health and population. The negative impacts and additional
well-being. The findings suggest a on higher clarifying details, and
data were analysed considerable education. The therefore complements
through negative impact of findings of their the survey-based
quantitative and the COVID-19 study highlight approaches of prior
qualitative pandemic on a the urgent need to studies focusing on
methods. variety of develop student mental health
academic-, health-, interventions and during this pandemic.
and lifestyle- preventive Second, the sample
related outcomes. strategies to used is from one large
By conducting address the university, and findings
online survey mental health of may not generalize to
interviews during college students. all college students. 
the pandemic, Future work could
They found that a focus on more deeply
majority of the probing the
participants were relationships between
experiencing various coping
increased stress mechanisms and
and anxiety due to stressors. Additionally,
COVID-19. In further study is needed
addition, results of to determine the effects
the PSS showed of the pandemic on
moderate levels of students’ mental health
 stress among their and well-being in its
participants. This later phases beyond the
is in line with a peak period.
recent pre–
COVID-19 survey
conducted in the
United Kingdom.
However, the
administration of
PSS as interview
questions
(compared to
allowing
participants to
read and respond
to the 10
questions) might
have introduced
bias and resulted
in underreporting.
20 Li Ping Wong , This study aimed to There is positive An anonymous This study found a There was a The first limitation is
Haridah Alias, measure the level of relationship Internet-based, higher prevalence continuous the cross-sectional
Afiqah Alyaa Md Fuzi, mental health of the between cross-sectional of depressive, increase in the design: we identified
Intan Sofia Omar, Malaysian public Malaysian citizen survey was anxiety, stress percentage of associations but could
Azmawaty Mohamad approximately 2 with stress, commenced on 12 symptoms in respondents with not infer cause and
Nor, months after the depression and May 2020 and women compared depressive, effect. Another
Maw Pin Tan, pandemic’s onset. anxiety. ended on 5 with men. anxiety and stress potential issue is the
Diana Lea Baranovich, Between 12 May September Specifically, the symptoms, influence of selection
Che Zarrina Saari, and 5 September 2020. The multivariable implying a bias on the prevalence
Sareena Hanim Hamzah, 2020, an researchers used analyses revealed cumulative of mental health
Ku Wing Cheong, anonymous online social network a significant mental health problems seen in this
Chiew Hwa Poon, survey was platforms increased risk of burden. The sample. the study is
Vimala Ramoo, conducted. (Facebook, anxiety and stress increase in the also limited by the
Chong Chin Che, Twitter, Instagram, in females rate of depression small number of
Kyaimon Myint, and WhatsApp) to compared with was most rapid, responses in the last
 Suria Zainuddin, disseminate and males. These and the rate of two time periods;
Ivy Chung (2021) advertise the findings are in line depression was hence results should be
survey, entitled with previous dramatically high interpreted with
‘COVID-19 studies from as the COVID-19 caution. Despite these
Health and around the world pandemic moved limitations, our results
Wellbeing as well as into its seventh are in line with many
Survey’, to the Malaysia, where month in previous studies.
public. Questions women seem to Malaysia. Poor
were presented in have experienced health status was
both English and elevated the strongest
Bahasa Malaysia psychological significant
in the survey link. symptoms related predictor for
Pilot testing was to the COVID-19 depressive and
performed with 30 pandemic anxiety
participants to compared with symptoms. 
ensure the clarity men. 
of the items and
gather suggestions
for improvement. 
21 Wong L. P., Haridah This study aimed to Depression, An anonymous A total of 1,163 Our study shows The first limitation is
Alias, Afiqah Alyaa Md measure the level of anxiety, stress Internet-based, complete that mental health the cross-sectional
Fuzi, Intan Sofia Omar, mental health of the have positive cross-sectional responses were symptoms, design: we identified
Azmawaty, Mohamad Malaysian public relationship with survey was received in the 16- especially associations but could
Nor, Tan, M., P., approximately 2 the level of commenced on 12 week data depression and not infer cause and
Baranovich, D., L., Che months after the mental health of May 2020 and collection period. anxiety, have effect. Another
Zarrina Saari, Sareena pandemic’s onset. the Malaysian ended on 5 been potential issue is the
Hanim Hamzah, Cheong, public. September 2020. overwhelmingly influence of selection
K., W., Poon, C., H., The data collection prevalent in the bias on the prevalence
Ramoo, V., Che, C., C., period was Malaysian of mental health
Myint, K., Suria between the population as the problems seen in this
Zainuddin, Chung, I. second and third COVID-19 sample.
(2021) waves of the pandemic has
COVID-19 progressed.
pandemic in
Malaysia, and the
 country is still
facing the
continuous threat
of the disease.
22 Shanmugam, H., Johan This article Fear & anxiety Recent researches We expect to see By understanding More targeted and
Ariff Juhari, Nair, P., examines both the towards COVID- mainly focused on an upsurge in both deleterious structured research on
Chow, S., K., & Ng, C., negative and 19 could the adverse effects anxiety disorders, and potentially mental health
G. (2020) unexpected helpful potentially be of COVID-19 posttraumatic favourable effects implications should be
changes which the overwhelming pandemic on stress disorders, of a global studied in Malaysia.
pandemic has on and hence, mental health. obsessive- disaster such as This is to develop a
mental health in the heighten the Social distancing compulsive the COVID-19 better understanding of
Malaysian mental stress not only tests the disorders and pandemic, mental the paradigm of the
population. towards oneself capacity for human aversive social health pandemic and to tailor
and society co-operation, but it effects of isolation professionals an individualized
also brings about could be better treatment and
various mental equipped in prevention of mental
health facing such health complications
implications such events. due to COVID-19
as fear, anxiety, pandemic.
grief and
depression.
23 Koutsimani, P., The purpose of this 1. Is there an We searched the Moderation In conclusion, our Our meta-analysis has
Montgomery, A., & systematic review overlap between online databases analysis for both results showed some limitations. First
Georganta, K. (2019) and meta-analysis is burnout and SCOPUS, Web of burnout– that while there is limitations, we
to investigate and depression? Science, depression and statistical searched only for
clarify the 2. Is there a MEDLINE burnout–anxiety relationship research were
association between potential (PubMed), and relationships between burnout conducted during the
the above variables. moderator Google Scholar. revealed that the and depression past decade. A second
Our goal is to underlying the Inclusion criteria studies in which and burnout and limitation is that the
clarify the existing relationship were used for all either the MBI test anxiety, and studies that did not
evidence and have a between burnout studies and was used or were while they are provide appropriate
better and depression? included both rated as having interconnected, statistical results were
understanding of 3. Is there an cross-sectional and better quality they are not the not included in the
the relationship overlap between longitudinal showed lower same constructs. meta-analysis.
between burnout burnout and designs, published effect sizes.

24 Maslach, C., Leiter M., P.
(2016).
25 Lin, K., H., Wu, C., C.,
Chu, T., S., Huang, T., S.,
and depression and anxiety? and unpublished
burnout and 4. Is there a research articles,
anxiety. potential full-text articles,
moderator articles written in
underlying the the English
relationship language, studies
between burnout that present the
and anxiety effects sizes of
their findings and
that used reliable
research tools.
Current issues of First is the There have been Psychiatric-based Research to date Effective research on
relevance for question of the various conceptual treatments may be indicates that the preventing
psychiatry include relationship models about the relevant to three aspects of and alleviating aspects
the links between between burnout development burnout, especially burnout do of burnout among
burnout and mental and mental of burnout and its regarding return to present psychiatrists
illness, the attempts illness. subsequent impact. work for people challenges for requires giving the
to Second is the At first, the focus experiencing psychiatrists. issue a high priority
redefine burnout as question of the was on the severe burnout. Psychiatry is in a within the profession
simply exhaustion, value of relationship strong position to
and the relative simplifying the between the three contribute to the
dearth of evaluative multi-dimensional dimensions of growth of
research on construct of burnout, which knowledge
potential burnout to the was often regarding burnout
interventions to single dimension described in
treat and/or prevent of exhaustion. sequential stages.
burnout. And third is the
question of how
best to
ameliorate
burnout in terms
of treatment and
prevention.
The aims of this Full time workers The data of this Among 1007 full- Employment The data was based on
study were to do effect on cross-sectional time workers, status was a cross-sectional
 Chen, Y., Y. (2020).
26 Meyer, B., Zill, A., Dilba,
D., Gerlach, R.,
Schumann, S. (2021).
examine burnout burnout, effect of study were derived 21.65% were significant research design; thus,
among full-time employment from the 2015 employers and factor of burnout common method
workers and to status on burnout. Taiwan Social 78.35% were among workers. variance may arise and
investigate the Change Survey. employees. The the causal relationship
effect of Burnout was multivariate linear between burnout and
employment status measured by the regression model the related factors
on burnout. Copenhagen indicated that after cannot be confirmed.
Burnout adjusting for all
Inventory’s four possible risk
core items. factors, being an
Employment status employer was
was categorized associated with an
into employer and increased risk of
employee. burnout among
Multivariate linear full-time workers.
regression models
were
used to assess the
associations
between
employment status
and burnout.
On the basis of The duration of We collected data The data also In sum, women’s The sample is not
theories from the COVID-19 in three waves show that the psychological representative, but
occupational health, pandemic, over a period of 3 introduction and health was more constitutes a
we propose that the pandemic months from the easing of strongly affected convenience sample.
duration of the restrictions, social voluntary lockdown by the pandemic This precludes the
pandemic, its support on work participants from measures affect than men. We interpretation of sample
demands, personal & home, job the general exhaustion, and discuss descriptive, such as
and job-related insecurity, population in a that women with implications for mean levels
resources interact in conflicts between non-representative children who work occupational of exhaustion as
their effect on work and privacy, way. The original from home while health theories representing the
employee and the dataset consisted childcare is and those population.
exhaustion. conservative of 3862 unavailable are interventions
resources job individuals at the especially targeted at
 autonomy are all first wave. exhausted. Job mitigating the
affects Informed consent autonomy and psychological
Exhaustion in an was obtained from partner support consequences of
inverse u-shaped all individual adult mitigated some of the COVID-19
nonlinear way. participants these effects pandemic should
included in the target women
study; children specifically.
were not allowed
to participate.
27 Sulaiman Tahajuddin. The main aim of Hospitality, A comprehensive In the resilient of In conclusion, That vast majority of
(2021). this paper is to Tourism, and review of the most the fair and more there is yet more them were focused on
present the reviews Aviation Industry, recent selected equitable tourism to be known of the impacts on
of the recent other general literature from industry, tourism the impacts of education, health and
literature related to business does mainly the both educators, scholars Covid-19 at the business activities, and
the impacts of relate to the academic journals and students micro level in particular on the
Covid-19 on the impacts of Covid- and complemented should be critical especially at the tourism and hospitality
Malaysian business 19 on the with the relevant to organizational industry, which
activities in some Malaysian online news understanding the and includes the
industries business portals, online prime causes of societal levels, transportation and
especially the activities. platforms to this this paper aviation industries.
tourism in specific, extract and further pandemic. proposes that
and wider business analyse the latest future research
activities in insights that can be should be focused
general. gathered from and directed at
them. the
organization and
accounting fields.
28 Mohd Khairi Ismail, This study will Financial This study is based As the COVID-19 The lessons of the The constructive steps
Kumaran, V., V., Siti analyze the pattern wellbeing in on quantitative 19 is currently pandemic show put in place in response
Nurul Munawwarah, of households’ Malaysia context, research. Data was infecting all facets how inequality- to this pandemic then,
Muhamad Zahid consumption in consumption of collected via of Malaysian ridden permanent changes in
Muhamad, Syamsulang Malaysia based on M40 and B40 online survey. especially B40, it governments public health, social
Sarifuddin. (2021). different income group does Distribution of is found that struggle to security and counter-
groups which is analyze of the online survey was spending level of function cyclical measures,
B40 and M40 Malaysian conducted between B40 groups are effectively. The finance and reform, in
 during the household income 1 April 2020 to 30 high on payment government must particular could help
implementation of class during May 2020 for the on personal loans, have a robust and disadvantaged groups,
MCO due to the MCO. whole states of housing, and car inclusive stimulus and overall promote
spread of COVID- Malaysia. loans compared to plan to support sustainable
19 pandemic. M40. The result the poor, not only development and
also shows that during the equality
there are few of pandemic, but
the workers who also after, in
affected during the order to cushion
covid-19 where the effects of the
some of them are Covid-19
having pandemic.
unemployed,
received half
salary, force to
take annual leave
and lost their
business.
29 Ahmad Zubir Ibrahim, This study assessed COVID-19 has Data was collected The results Based on the As the critical factor
Zaheruddin Othman. implications of the had a strong using an online suggest that study, the impact contributing to B40
(2020). Coronavirus effect on both questionnaire ongoing and future of B40 on household stability in
Disease 19 developing and launched in government households has the face of an
(COVID-19) vulnerable Bahasa Malaysia responses should been found to epidemic, the
pandemic on economies, through Google focus on structural endanger food theoretical
household food leaving the most forms. The changes in social security in ramifications of this
security among B40 substantial questionnaire was protection by households. analysis offer useful
households in detrimental sent to random developing Because of this insights into
Malaysia during impact on the respondents in responsive for the pandemic, many demographic and
Movement Control status of Malaysia among long term and persons in this socioeconomic
Order (MCO) using household food B40 individuals more focused to community lost characteristics
online survey data security using social media build up human less money and a
from 803 (WhatsApp). The capital among B40 career.
respondents. survey consisted of households
30 questions and through skill and
was conducted in training to ensure

30 Morgantini, L., A., Naha,
U., Wang, H.,
Francavilla, S., Acar, O.,
Flores, J., M., Crivellaro,
S., Moreira, D., Abem,
M., Eklund, M.,
Vigneswaran, H., T.,
Weine, S., M. (2020).
less than 10 the resilience of
minutes. Within 10 food security and
sustainability
among groups
The objective of Burnout was To assess A total of 2,707 Our study is the Despite this study’s
this study was to associated with exposure, responses were first worldwide major strengths,
understand the different factors perceptions, received from survey of HCPs including the breadth
impact of COVID- in HICs and workload, and HCPs in 60 during the of responses from
19 on HCPs around LMICs. possible burnout of countries. Half of COVID-19 across the globe, there
the world working HCPs during the the respondents pandemic and are multiple limitations
during the COVID-19 from 33 countries demonstrates the including a non-
pandemic. pandemic we reported emotional presence of validated questionnaire,
conducted a cross- exhaustion reported burnout not providing the
sectional survey. burnout related to among definition of burnout to
The main their work during respondents at a participants before the
outcomes and the COVID-19 rate higher than initiation of study, a
measures were pandemic. previously single item indicator
HCPs’ self- reported. for burnout, minimal
assessment of demographic data
burnout, indicated collection, and
by a single item sampling method using
measure of social media.
emotional
exhaustion, and
other experiences
and attitudes
associated with
working during the
COVID-19
pandemic.