Biology Practicum Report

FLORA AND FAUNA BIODIVERSITY

STUDENT NAME : DESI SAFITRI (4203121028)

SUPPORTING LECTURER: Masdiana Sinambela

COURSES : GENERAL BIOLOGY

BILLINGUAL EDUCATION PHYSICS

Faculty of Math and Science

Medan State University

2021
I. Title: Biodiversity of Flora and Fauna in Unimed Complex

II. Destination :

1. To obtain flora data contained in the Medan State University complex

2. To get fauna data contained in the Medan State University complex

3. To find out an explanation of biodiversity

4. To find out the benefits of flora and fauna biodiversity for the community

5. To find out the benefits of flora and fauna biodiversity for oneself.

III. Theoretical Review

Biodiversity (English: biodiversity) is a discussion term that includes all

forms of life, which can be scientifically grouped according to the scale of
their biological organization, which includes genes, species of plants,
animals, and microorganisms as well as ecosystems and ecological processes
in which these life forms are its share. It can also be interpreted as the
condition of the diversity of life forms in certain ecosystems or biomes.
Biodiversity is often used as a measure of the health of biological systems.
Biodiversity is not evenly distributed on earth. Tropical areas have richer
biodiversity, and the amount of biodiversity continues to decline the further
away from the equator (Banowati, 2012).

Biodiversity refers to the diversity of all types of plants, animals and

organisms (microorganisms), as well as the ecosystem and ecological
processes of which they are a part. Genetic diversity (within species)
includes the entire genetic information as the hereditary carriers of all
existing living things. Diversity is related to the diversity of organisms or
species that have certain genetic expressions. Meanwhile, diversity of
ecosystems refers to the diversity of habitats, which are the places where
various types of living things carry out their lives and interact with other
abiotic and biotic factors. Biodiversity is more than just the number of
species of flora and fauna (Lubis, 2011).

The term flora is defined as all types of plants that grow in a certain area. If
the term flora is associated with plant life-form, various terms will appear,
such as tree flora (tree-shaped flora), shrub flora, grass flora, etc. When the
term flora is associated with a place name, terms such as Javanese flora,
Halimun Mountain flora will appear, and so on. In accordance with
environmental conditions, the flora in a place can consist of various types,
each of which can consist of various variations of genes that live in several
types of habitats (places of life). Therefore, the term flora diversity includes
the meaning of species diversity, genetic diversity of types, and the diversity
of habitats in which these flora species grow.

Indonesia's flora-rich forests are home to the world's most diverse palm
species, as well as more than 400 species of meranti-meranti
(Dipterocarpaceae), the highest commercial value timber tree in Southeast
Asia, and also lacking. over 2500 species of flowering plants. In addition,
the forest is also a habitat for diverse animals or fauna. In this regard,
Indonesia ranks number one or top for the diversity of species of scissor-
tailed mammals and butterflies, number three for reptiles, number four for
poultry or birds, number five for amphibians and number seven for
flowering plants. Flora, fauna, and microorganisms owned by Indonesia can
be used for biopangan, biopapan, biosandang, biopharmaceutical,
bioecology, biomaterials, bioenergy, bio-tourism (ecotourism), and so on.
The unwise use of biodiversity in meeting the needs of human life or
supporting development will lead to a biodiversity crisis (Sinambela, 2018).

Biodiversity can occur at various levels of life, from lower organisms to

higher organisms. This includes single-celled creatures to multicellular
 creatures, and the level of individual organisms to complex interaction
levels, for example, from species to ecosystems (Adisoemarto, 2005).

IV. Tools and materials

The tools and materials used in this practicum include:

•Pegs and raffia

•Notebook and stationery

V. Work procedures

a. Forming seven working groups The working groups are tasked with observing
and collecting flora and fauna data in the complex of the faculties of Language
and Arts, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Economics, Social Sciences,
Engineering and Educational Sciences.
b. To collect flora data in the form of grasses, by using a stake and rope, form a
square measuring 1x1 m on each grass field in the six faculties at UNIMED.
Record the types of grass in the square and enter them on the data sheet. Repeat
the data collection five times and record the data.
c. To collect tree data
Do the activity as in section b above with an area of 10x10 m squared. Record
the tree data in the data table that has been provided.
d. For Fauna
Make observations on the part of the plant / plant or on the surface of the soil
and record the types of fauna found. If possible, also listen to bird chirps that can
be heard at the observation location and obtain data on the species / species of
birds

VI. Observation result

 A. Observation Table

NO. Observation Location List of Plant Species (Flora) List of Animal Species
(Fauna)

1. FMIPA complex  Elephant grass  Worm

The size of the stake is 1m x  Bede grass  Mosquito
1m  Mushroom  Snail
 Jukut pendul grass  Grasshopper
 Jukut kidang grass  Ant
 Bermuda grass  Butterfly

FMIPA complex  Melinjo tree  Worm

Stake size (10m x 10m)  Cape tree  Mosquito
 Elephant grass  Snail
 Bede grass  Grasshopper
 Mushroom  Ants \
 Jukut pendul grass  Butterfly
 Jukut kidang grass  Frog
 Bermuda grass  Flies

2. FT complex  Puzzle grass  Red weaver ant

Stake size 1 mx 1 m)  Elephant grass  Black weaver ant
 Moss plant  Crickets
 Mini elephant grass  Grasshopper
 Flies

FT complex  Puzzle grass  Butterfly

Peg size 10 mx 10 m)  Elephant grass  Small ant
 Moss plant  Dragonfly
  Nail plant  Mosquito
 Tamarind tree  Frog
 Hibiscus flower  Sparrow
 Mahogany tree  Flies
 Guava tree  Crickets
 Gnats
 Moth
 Green fly

3. FBS complex  Elephant grass  Black ant

The size of the stake is 1m x  Foliage  Red Ant
1m  Flies

FBS complex  Nail plant  Angkrang ants

Stake size 10m x 10m  Areca tree  Black ant
 Ketapang tree  Grasshopper
 Spider
 Butterfly
 Wooden butterfly
 Mosquito
 Frog
 Bee
 Snail
 Conch
 Flies
 Lizard

4. FIS complex  Bamboo grass  Red Ant

The size of the stake is 1m x  Clover  Crickets
1m
  Fern eros  Mosquito

FIS complex  Fern  Mosquito

Stake size 10m x 10m  Clover  Red Ant
 Mango  Frog
 Order  Crickets
 Teki Grass  Green grasshopper
 Areca tree  Black grasshopper
 Green taro  Cat
 Red taro
 Pearl pine leaf
 Breadfruit

5. FIP complex  Oil palm plants  Fire ant

The size of the stake is 1m x  Fern  Mosquito
1m  Puzzle grass
 Weeds

FIP complex  Mahogany tree  Mosquito

Stake size 10m x 10m  Fern  Frog
 Banyan  Fire ant
 Puzzle grass  Butterfly
 Mushroom

6. FE complex  Mushroom  Red Ant

The size of the stake is 1m x  Bintoro  The aedes aegypti
1m  Local elephant grass mosquito

FE complex  Nail plant  Lizard

Stake size 10m x 10 m  Meniran plants  Frog
  Pineapple plant  Spider
 Black ant
 Grasshopper
dragonfly
 Bee

Faculty of Engineering

B. Discussion

 How many flora and fauna species can you observe and record at the six
observation sites in the Medan State University complex?
Answer:
The number of flora species that we can observe at each observation location is:
FBS (5 species) FIS (12 species)
FMIPA (14 species) FT (13 species)
FE (7 species) FIP (7 species)
The number of fauna species that we can observe at each observation location are:
FBS (14 species) FIS (7 species)
FMIPA (8 species) FT (16 species)
FE (8 species) FIP (4 species)

 Where are the greater number of flora and fauna species found?
Answer: the location where most flora species are found is FMIPA
The location where most fauna species are found is the faculty
engineering (FT)

 In graphic form, display the ratio of the number of flora and fauna that can be
found at the six observation locations in the Unimed complex!
Answer:
18
16
14
12
10
Flora
8 Fauna
6
4
2
0
FMIPA FT FBS FIS FIP FE

 How can you explain why the species richness of flora and fauna at the six
observation sites in the Unimed complex is different?
Answer:
This is influenced by the existence of different soil factors in each place
is in the Unimed area. The soil elements contained are different in each
place, so that this affects the diversity of the growing flora and fauna
inside it. Another factor is the location of the place. If the location is wide, then
most likely the number of flora and fauna that grow and develop as well
many kinds in the area. and vice versa.

 What values or benefits can be obtained from the flora and fauna found in the
Unimed complex?
Answer:
- Increase understanding of what flora and fauna are

- Increase our knowledge and understanding of the distribution of flora and fauna
in the UNIMED complex
- Increase knowledge of the types of flora and fauna found in the UNIMED
complex
 - Increase knowledge of the number or number of types of flora and fauna in the
UNIMED complex

 What do you think about the environmental quality at Unimed? Is there

environmental degradation? And how can that be explained?
answer:
In our opinion, the quality of the environment at Unimed is very good and
beautiful, because the area will have a lot of greenery and trees, so it is
campus Unimed is often referred to as a green campus.
Environmental degradation can be interpreted as a decrease in environmental
quality resulting from development activities characterized by a malfunction
properly the environmental components as they should. Of course
this is happening at this time. Can be seen from the construction of the physics building at
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences which certainly uses tree land.
Land use trees can destroy the balance of nature and prevent diversity
biodiversity, especially the lack of land for trees (oxygen providers) and
water catchment area. However, this also cannot be avoided seeing the need
humans in the world of education who need a place to
study / learning.

VII. CONCLUSION
1. The flora data contained in the unimed complex are:

FBS (5 species) FIS (12 species)

FMIPA (14 species) FT (13 species)
FE (7 species) FIP (7 species)

2. Fauna data contained in the unimed complex are:

FBS (14 species) FIS (7 species)

FMIPA (8 species) FT (16 species)
FE (8 species) FIP (4species)

3. Biodiversity is the diversity of organisms that shows the overall variation of genes,
types and ecosystems in an area.
4. The benefits of biodiversity for the community are:
a. As a source of food
b. as a source of clothing
c. as the source of the board
d. as a source of income
e. as a drug producer
f. as a producer of oxygen

5. Benefits of biodiversity for yourself:

a. Knowing the type of organism
b. Knowing the characteristics and properties of each organism
c. Knowing the benefits of flora and fauna for their survival

SELF REFLECTION

1. Why and why do we need to study the topic of biodiversity and environmental
degradation?

answer:We need to study the topic of biodiversity and environmental

degradation, namely to maintain the preservation of flora and fauna and make
the best use of flora and fauna as well as to know the environmental threats that
can lead to decreased diversity of flora and fauna.
1. What benefits can you get for yourself, society, and the country after studying
this topic?
Answer:
1. Know the benefits of each type of organism.2. know the interdependence of
organisms with one another.
3. understand the characteristics and characteristics of each organism.4.
understand the kinship relationship between organisms. 5. understand the
benefits of biodiversity in supporting human survival.
 VIII. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Lubis, Darwin P. 2011. Effects of Climate Change on Biodiversity in Indonesia.

Journal of Geography. Vo 3 (2)

Kusmana, Cecep. 2015. Biodiversity of Flora in Indonesia.Jurnal Natural

Resources and Environmental Management. Vol 5 (2)

Banowati, Eva. 2012. Geography of Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Ombak Publisher.

Sinambela, Masdiana. 2018.BGeneral iology. Medan: FMIPA UNIMED

Adisoemarto, Soenartono. 2005. Application and Utilization of Taxonomy for

Utilizing Regional Fauna: Zoo Indonesia Vol. 15 (2): 87 - 100.

Medan, 24 October 2018

ASSISTANT LAB PRACTICE

MIFTAHUL HASANAH HOPE Teodora Tampubolon

(NIM: 4141141043) (NIM: 4181111022)