Activity 1.

Trace Me

Directions: Read the whole paper of Olivia Caoli on “A history of Science and technology in the
Philippines. After reading, create a timeline of the scientific and technological developments in the
Philippines. Identify the developments tat occurred in every period. A sample is given below as your
guide.

Pre- Colonial

 The Spanish introduced formal education and founded scientific

institution.
 Parish schools were established where religion, reading, writing,
arithmetic and music was taught. Sanitation and more advanced
methods of agriculture was taught to the natives.
 The study of medicine in the Philippines was given priority in the
Spanish Regime Spanish era, especially in the later years.
 The Spanish also contributed to the field of engineering in the islands
by constructing government buildings, churches, roads, bridges and
forts.
 The Galleon Trade have accounted in the Philippine colonial
economy. Agriculture and industrial development on the other hand
were relatively neglected.
 The opening of the Suez Canal saw the influx of European visitors to
the Spanish colony and some Filipinos were able to study in Europe
who were probably influenced by the rapid development of scientific
ideals brought by the Age of Enlightenment.

 The Malolos Republic (Spanish: República Malolos), was

an unrecognized independent sovereign state in the Philippines. It
was formally established with Emilio Aguinaldo as president by
proclamation of the Malolos Constitution on January 21, 1899,
in Malolos, Bulacan,[Note 1] succeeding the previous Revolutionary
Government of the Philippines.
On July
April 1, 1,
The1901 The Philippine Commission
First Republic was established the Bureau
established during
of Government
the Philippine Laboratories which
Revolution against was Empire (1896–1897)
the Spanish placed under the
Department
and of Interior. The
the Spanish–American Bureau dealt
War between withand
Spain thethe
study of tropical
United States
diseases and
(1898). laboratory
Following projects.victory
the American The Bureau of Science
at the Battle becameBay,
of Manila the
First Republic
primary research
Aguinaldo returned to center of the Philippines until World War II.
Philippines, issued the Philippine
American Science during
Declaration the American June
of Independence on period12, was
1898,inclined towards
and established
Republic agriculture,
successive food processing,
revolutionary medicine
Philippine and pharmacy.
governments on June 18Notandmuch
23 of
focus was given on the development of industrial
that year. In December, Sovereignty over the Philippines was technology due to
free trade policy
transferred from with
Spainthe toUnited StatesStates
the United which innurtured
the 1898an Treaty
economy of
geared towards agriculture and trade.
Paris, making the United States formally the Philippines colonial
One such policy was the introduction of the American system of
power. 
 The Malolosand
education, so pervasive
Constitution and far-reaching
establishing the First was its impact
Philippine and
Republic
influence on the life and culture of the Filipino
was proclaimed the following month. The Philippine–American during and after the
colonial period
War began in Februarythat 1899,
it is eventually
generally resulting
regardedin American
as the "greatest
victory.
contribution" of American colonialism in the Philippines.
 The Philippine Republic is considered by Filipino historians to be the
first proper constitutional republic in Asia
  On November 15, 1935, the Filipino people took the penultimate step
to independence with the inauguration of the Commonwealth of the
Philippines. Only two months prior, on September 16, a million
Filipinos had trooped to the polls to elect their two highest officials—
the President and Vice President. This was the first time in the
history of the nation that a Filipino would finally sit as Chief
Executive and holdMarcos'
 During Ferdinand office inpresidency,
Malacañanthe Palace. Senate President
importance given to
Manuel L. Quezon and his running
science grew. In the amended 1973 Philippine Constitution, mate Senate President pro
Article
tempore
XV, Section Sergio
9 (1), Osmeña
he declared werethat elected as President
the "advancement and Vice
of science and
technology shall have priority in the national development.". Innew
President, while voters elected representatives for the his
unicameral National Assembly and for local
two terms of presidency and during Martial Law, he enacted many positions.
The promoting
 laws Commonwealth sciencewas and the culmination of efforts to secure a
technology.
 definitive
The Department timetableoffor the withdrawal
Education of American
to revitalize sovereignty
the science courses over
in
Commonwealth the Philippines. until the Jones Law of
public high schools. The Department of Education, with the National1916 that the pledge of
eventual independence—once Filipinos
Science Development Board (NSDB), is organizing a project to were ready for self-
governance—was
provide selected high made. The Jones
schools Law led
with science to the creation
teaching equipment of an
overall-
a
Filipino legislature
four-year period. composed of the Philippine Senate and House of
Representatives.
 He spoke about his major development projects in reforming sectors
The Constitution
 of education. Such of the Commonwealth
projects of the Philippines provided
included research and development
for a presidential system
schools, technical institutes, science educationof government with acenters,unicameral and
legislature. It had the power to enact
agricultural colleges and vocational high schools. laws for the Philippines, known
as Commonwealth
 He Acts, through theAtmospheric
established the Philippine National Assembly. Geophysical and
The Philippine Bill
 Astronomical of 1902 - Cooper Act
Services Administration (PAGASA) under the
The PhilippineofAssembly-The
 Department National Defense assembly to wasprovide
inaugurated on October
environmental
16, 1907 at the Manila Grand Opera House,
protection and to utilize scientific knowledge to ensure the safety of with US secretary of
War William
the people.  Howard Taft as guest of honor.
 Resident
 In 1973, he Commissioners-Benito
created the Philippine Legarda Nationaland Pablo Ocampo
Oil Company to promotewere
the first commissioners.
industrial and economic developmentOther Filipinos who occupied
through effective and this efficient
position
included Manuel Quezon, Jaime de Veyra,
use of energy sources. (Presidential Decree No. 334, s. 1973) Teodoro Yangco, Isaro
Gabaldon,
 1976 and Camilo
to establish Osias. Academy of Science and Technology,
the National
The Jones
 which is composed of scientiststrain
Law-To further the Filipinos
with "innovative in the art
achievement of
in the
government, the U.S. Congress enacted the Jones
basic and applied sciences," to serve as a reservoir of scientific and Law on August 29,
1916. It was expertise
technological the first for official document that clearly promised the
the country.
 In 1978, he created a Task Force onin
Philippine independence, as stated theitsformulation
preamble, as of asoon as a
national
stable government
action program onwas established.
science The JonestoLaw
and technology or the
assess Philippine
policies and
Autonomy act, Replace the Philippine bill
programs of science and technology. (Executive Order No. 512, s. of 1902 as the framework
of the Philippine government. It provide for the creation of the
1978).
executive
 In 1980, he powers.
created the National Committee on Geological Sciences
Post-Colonial Creation of the Counciland of State-the recommendation
 to advise government private entities on mattersof Manuelconcerning L.
Quezon and Sergio
development Osmeña,
in geological Governor General Francis Burton
sciences.
Harrison issued an executive
 In 1982, he reorganized the National order on October
Science 16, 1981, creating
Development Boardthe
first its
and Council
agencies of State
into ainNational
the Philippines.
Science and It was the Council’s
Technology duty to
Authority to
advise the governor general on matters
provide central direction and coordination of scientific and such as the creation of
policies for administering
technological research and development. government offices.
 Thegranted
 He Os-Roxsalary Mission-One
increases delegation,
to the peoplehowever, that met positions
with teaching with partial in
success was the Os-Rox Mission, so called
the Philippine Science High School due to their necessity because it was headed
in theby
Sergio Osmeña
advancement and Manuel
of national science.Roxas. The Os-Rox group went to the
United States in 1931 and
 In 1986, he established the Mindanao was able to influence
and Visayas the U.S. Congress
campuses to
of the
pass a pro-independence bill by Representative
Philippine Science High School to encourage careers in science and Butter Hare, Senator
Henry Hawes,
technology andand to be Senator
more Bronso
accessible Cutting.
to the talented students in the
Mindanao and Visayas areas.