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ISANG KAPASIYAHAN TINUTUTULAN ANG MGA "ILLEGAL GAMBLING" Petitioners filed a motion for reconsideration which was subsequently denied in
LALO NA ANG LOTTO SA LALAWIGAN NG LAGUNA an Order dated April 21, 1997, which reads:
SAPAGKA'T, ang sugal dito sa lalawigan ng Laguna ay talamak na; Acting on the Motion for Reconsideration filed by defendants Jose D. Lina, Jr.
and the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Laguna, thru counsel, with the opposition
SAPAGKA'T, ang sugal ay nagdudulot ng masasamang impluwensiya lalo't higit filed by plaintiff's counsel and the comment thereto filed by counsel for the
sa mga kabataan; defendants which were duly noted, the Court hereby denies the motion for lack
of merit.
KUNG KAYA'T DAHIL DITO, at sa mungkahi nina Kgg. Kgd. Juan M. Unico at
Kgg. Kgd. Gat-Ala A. Alatiit, pinangalawahan ni Kgg. Kgd. Meliton C. Larano at SO ORDERED. 5
Petitioners contend that the assailed resolution is a valid policy declaration of The entire controversy stemmed from the refusal of Mayor Cataquiz to issue a
the Provincial Government of Laguna of its vehement objection to the operation mayor's permit for the operation of a lotto outlet in favor of private respondent.
of lotto and all forms of gambling. It is likewise a valid exercise of the provincial According to the mayor, he based his decision on an existing ordinance
government's police power under the General Welfare Clause of Republic Act prohibiting the operation of lotto in the province of Laguna. The ordinance,
7160, otherwise known as the Local Government Code of 1991. They also 6 however, merely states the "objection" of the council to the said game. It is but a
maintain that respondent's lotto operation is illegal because no prior mere policy statement on the part of the local council, which is not self-
consultations and approval by the local government were sought before it was executing. Nor could it serve as a valid ground to prohibit the operation of the
implemented contrary to the express provisions of Sections 2 (c) and 27 of R.A. lotto system in the province of Laguna. Even petitioners admit as much when
7160.7 they stated in their petition that:
For his part, respondent Calvento argues that the questioned resolution is, in 5.7. The terms of the Resolution and the validity thereof are express and clear.
effect, a curtailment of the power of the state since in this case the national The Resolution is a policy declaration of the Provincial Government of Laguna of
legislature itself had already declared lotto as legal and permitted its operations its vehement opposition and/or objection to the operation of and/or all forms of
around the country. As for the allegation that no prior consultations and approval
8 gambling including the Lotto operation in the Province of Laguna. 12
Municipal governments are only agents of the national government. Local To conclude our resolution of the first issue, respondent mayor of San Pedro,
councils exercise only delegated legislative powers conferred upon them by cannot avail of Kapasiyahan Bilang 508, Taon 1995, of the Provincial Board of
Congress as the national lawmaking body. The delegate cannot be superior to Laguna as justification to prohibit lotto in his municipality. For said resolution is
the principal or exercise powers higher than those of the latter. It is a heresy to nothing but an expression of the local legislative unit concerned. The Board's
suggest that the local government units can undo the acts of Congress, from enactment, like spring water, could not rise above its source of power, the
which they have derived their power in the first place, and negate by mere national legislature.
ordinance the mandate of the statute.
As for the second issue, we hold that petitioners erred in declaring that Sections
Municipal corporations owe their origin to, and derive their powers and rights 2 (c) and 27 of Republic Act 7160, otherwise known as the Local Government
wholly from the legislature. It breathes into them the breath of life, without which Code of 1991, apply mandatorily in the setting up of lotto outlets around the
they cannot exist. As it creates, so it may destroy. As it may destroy, it may country. These provisions state:
abridge and control. Unless there is some constitutional limitation on the right,
the legislature might, by a single act, and if we can suppose it capable of so SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy. — . . .
great a folly and so great a wrong, sweep from existence all of the municipal
(c) It is likewise the policy of the State to require all national agencies and offices or programs that may call for the eviction of a particular group of people residing
to conduct periodic consultations with appropriate local government units, non- in the locality where these will be implemented. Obviously, none of these effects
governmental and people's organizations, and other concerned sectors of the will be produced by the introduction of lotto in the province of Laguna.
community before any project or program is implemented in their respective
jurisdictions. Moreover, the argument regarding lack of consultation raised by petitioners is
clearly an afterthought on their part. There is no indication in the letter of Mayor
SECTION 27. Prior Consultations Required. — No project or program shall be Cataquiz that this was one of the reasons for his refusal to issue a permit. That
implemented by government authorities unless the consultations mentioned in refusal was predicated solely but erroneously on the provisions of Kapasiyahan
Section 2 (c) and 26 hereof are complied with, and prior approval of the Blg. 508, Taon 1995, of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Laguna.
sanggunian concerned is obtained; Provided, that occupants in areas where
such projects are to be implemented shall not be evicted unless, appropriate In sum, we find no reversible error in the RTC decision enjoining Mayor
relocation sites have been provided, in accordance with the provisions of the Cataquiz from enforcing or implementing the Kapasiyahan Blg. 508, T. 1995, of
Constitution. the Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Laguna. That resolution expresses merely a
policy statement of the Laguna provincial board. It possesses no binding legal
From a careful reading of said provisions, we find that these apply only to force nor requires any act of implementation. It provides no sufficient legal basis
national programs and/or projects which are to be implemented in a particular for respondent mayor's refusal to issue the permit sought by private respondent
local community. Lotto is neither a program nor a project of the national in connection with a legitimate business activity authorized by a law passed by
government, but of a charitable institution, the PCSO. Though sanctioned by the Congress.
national government, it is far fetched to say that lotto falls within the
contemplation of Sections 2 (c) and 27 of the Local Government Code. WHEREFORE, the petition is DENIED for lack of merit. The Order of the
Regional Trial Court of San Pedro, Laguna enjoining the petitioners from
Section 27 of the Code should be read in conjunction with Section 26 thereof. 17
implementing or enforcing Resolution or Kapasiyahan Blg. 508, T. 1995, of the
Section 26 reads: Provincial Board of Laguna is hereby AFFIRMED. No costs.
(c) It is likewise the policy of the State to require all national agencies and offices
to conduct periodic consultations with appropriate local government units, non-
governmental and people's organizations, and other concerned sectors of the
community before any project or program is implemented in their respective
jurisdictions.
Rollo, p. 25.
8
10
Id. at 28.
11
Id. at 58-61.
12
Id. at 13.
13
207 SCRA 157, 161 (1992).
14
Magtajas vs. Pryce Properties Corp., 234 SCRA 255, 272-273 (1994).
15
Id. at 273.
Basco vs. Phil. Amusement and Gaming Corporation, 197 SCRA 52, 65
16
(1991).
17
Aquilino Q. Pimentel, Jr., The Local Government Code of 1991, p. 124.