‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

151
  ‫א‬‫א‬  227  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 FM AM‫א‬  J

 K4W‫א‬‫א‬

144
  ‫א‬‫א‬  227  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Demodulation Circuits 

 W

‫א‬EDetectorsF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 AM Demodulators    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1 J6

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K

 WDiode Detector  ‫א‬‫א‬1 J1 J6

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1 J6‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
Half‐Wave F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ETransformerFEAM SignalF‫א‬‫א‬KERectifier
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ERF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

145
  ‫א‬‫א‬  227  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬E19 J6F‫א‬

‫א‬ETime Constantτ = RC F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ :‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KECarrier PeriodF‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

146
  ‫א‬‫א‬  227  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬E2 J6F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E2 J6F‫א‬
KEEnvelope DetectorF‫א‬

Full‐Wave Diode Detector   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2 J1 J6

EFull‐Wave RectifierF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE3 J6F‫א‬

147
  ‫א‬‫א‬  227  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3 J6F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ED1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ED2F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

148
  ‫א‬‫א‬  227  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
Square ‐ Law  Detector   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3 J1 J6

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E4 J6F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EDCF‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4 J6F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ERLF‫א‬ECF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

Synchronous  Detector   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬4 J1 J6

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EDistortionF
EInternal ClockF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KESNRF‫א‬

149
  ‫א‬‫א‬  227  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
EON and OFFF‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E4 J6F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4 J6F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

ESSBF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ESingle‐Side BandF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EProduct DetectorF‫א‬
 KE5 J6F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEBalanced ModulatorF

150
  ‫א‬‫א‬  227  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 

‫( ﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ آﺎﺷﻒ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ‬5-6) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 WFM Demodulators    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2 J6

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

151
  ‫א‬‫א‬  227  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
 WFoster‐Seeley Discriminator ‫א‬1 J2 J6

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE5 J6‫א‬F

 ‫א‬E5 J6F‫א‬

 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ET1F‫א‬EFM SignalF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬EC2FEC1F
KEFMF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EQ1F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ERFCF‫א‬EC3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KEV3F

152
  ‫א‬‫א‬  227  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،180°‫א‬‫א‬EV2FEV1F،
 K90°‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EXL > XCF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EV3FEV2FEV1F‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ER2F‫א‬ER1F
 K‫א‬

EFMF‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FEAF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

  : Ratio  Detector ‫א‬2 J2 J6

E6 J6F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ED2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EC5FEC4F‫א‬ER2FER1F‫א‬‫א‬KEC6F‫א‬‫א‬
  KECF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EBridge CircuitF‫א‬

153
  ‫א‬‫א‬  227  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 

 

 

 ‫א‬E6 J6F‫א‬

T1‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KERFCF‫א‬EC3F‫א‬

 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ED2FED1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ER2FER1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EC5FEC4F‫א‬
‫א‬KEDFECF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬  EC5FEC4F‫א‬EC6F

 

154
  ‫א‬‫א‬  227  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
EC4F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ER2FER1F‫א‬‫א‬ EC5F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EC6F
 KEDFECF‫א‬

EC5F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬R2R1‫א‬‫א‬EC4F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EC6F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EDFECF

  : Phase‐Locked Loop ( PLL ‫א‬‫א‬3 J2 J6

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE7 J6‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E7 J6F‫א‬

  Phase Detector or Mixer‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

155
  ‫א‬‫א‬  227  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
 VCO‫א‬‫א‬ J

‫א‬EfcFLow‐Pass Filter‫א‬‫א‬ J
  Km(t)

 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFMF
EVCOF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
ELPFF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EVCOF‫א‬EDCF
‫א‬EError SignalF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬EVCOF‫א‬

F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EVCO
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KELockedF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

156
  ‫א‬‫א‬  227  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
EDCF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ETrackingF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WMixers and Convertors    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3 J6

KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬EUp conversionF‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬EDown conversionF‫א‬ J

‫א‬KEModulationF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E8 J6F

 ‫א‬‫א‬E8 J6F‫א‬

157
  ‫א‬‫א‬  227  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Kfs‫א‬‫א‬ J 

 Kfo ELOF‫א‬‫א‬ J 

 Kfo + fs J 

  Kfo – fs J 

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E9 J6‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE10 J6‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 

158
  ‫א‬‫א‬  227  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
 W1 J6

E10.7 MHzF‫א‬E107.1MHzFEFMF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E96.4 MHzF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 KE9 J6‫א‬F‫א‬

Mixer

FM
Tuned Circuit
Signal or Filter
107.1
MHz
fo = 96.4 MHz

Local Oscillator

(9-6) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 W‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 107.1 MHz‫א‬‫א‬ J

 96.4 MHz‫א‬‫א‬ J

 107.1 MHz+ 96.4 MHz = 203.5 MHz   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

159
  ‫א‬‫א‬  227  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
 K107.1 MHz ‐ 96.4 MHz = 10.7 MHz   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

Tuned Circuit or F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E10.7 MHzF‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFilter

  WDiode Mixer    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1 J3 J6

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E10 J6‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ELF‫א‬ECF‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬

 
  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E10 J6F‫א‬

 Bipolar Transistor Mixer    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2 J3 J6

160
  ‫א‬‫א‬  227  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E11 J6‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬C‫א‬‫א‬،
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KETransistor Gain

 KEFETF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E11 J6F‫א‬

161
  ‫א‬‫א‬  227  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
  WAM and FM Comparison ‫א‬‫א‬4 J6

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EAMF J1
 K‫א‬‫א‬EFMF

EAMF EFMF  EAMF‫א‬ J2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EAMF J3
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬EInefficientFEAMF J4

‫א‬‫א‬EAudio QualityF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFMF‫א‬‫א‬ J5
 K‫א‬

 KEΔfF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J6

 KEAMFEFMF‫א‬‫א‬ J7

162
  ‫א‬‫א‬  227  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
 :Receiver Circuits ‫א‬‫א‬5 J6

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 KESelectivityF‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EAmplificationF‫א‬ J 
 KESensitivityF‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

ERF AmplifierF‫א‬E12 J6‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬EDemodulatorF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEAudio Amplifier

 ‫א‬‫א‬E12 J6F‫א‬

 

163
  ‫א‬‫א‬  227  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ESuperhetrodyne ReceiverF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE13 J6F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E13 J6F‫א‬

:‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة‬

 KRF Amplifier‫א‬ J

 KMixer‫א‬‫א‬ J 

 .Local Oscillator or Frequency Synthesizer J 

 KIntermediate Frequency (IF) Amplifier J 

 KSelective Filter‫א‬ J 

164
  ‫א‬‫א‬  227  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
 .Demodulator‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 

 KAutomatic Gain Control (AGC)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 

 KAudio Amplifier‫א‬‫א‬ J 

  KSpeaker‫א‬‫א‬ J 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EAntennaF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ERFF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EIF FrequencyF
‫א‬EK1 J6F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EIFF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  KEAGCF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

165
  ‫א‬‫א‬  227  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
:‫ ( اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬IF ) ‫ اﻟﺘﺮددات اﻟﻮﺳﻴﻄﺔ‬1-6 ‫ﺟﺪول‬

 EIFF‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
30 MHz to 900 MHz ‫أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎز‬
5.5 MHz, 10.7 MHz, 98 MHz. FM ‫رادﻳﻮ‬
450 kHz, 455 kHz, 460 kHz, 465 kHz,
AM ‫رادﻳﻮ‬
470 kHz, 475 kHz, 480 kHz
250 MHz, 70 MHz ‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺮووﻳﻒ‬
30 MHz ‫اﻟﺮادار‬
‫اﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻋﺒﺮ اﻷﻗﻤﺎر‬
70 MHz, 950-1450 Downlink first IF
‫اﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
310.7 MHz, 160 MHz, 21.4 MHz RF ‫أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﺮادﻳﻮﻳﺔ‬
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

166
  ‫א‬‫א‬  227  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
 W

 

:‫ ﻣﺎ وﻇﻴﻔﺔ آﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ أدﻧﺎﻩ‬-1

 E14 J6F‫א‬

 .C3‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬ J

 KC2،C1‫א‬ J

  .   R1, R2‫א‬ J

 

167
  ‫א‬‫א‬  227  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
(3 MHzFEBalanced ModulatorF‫א‬‫א‬ J2
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE1.5 kHzF

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3

 ‫؟‬‫א‬ETrackingFEPLLF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J4

 W‫א‬ J5

(15-6) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J6

168
  ‫א‬‫א‬  227  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 

(16-6) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 W

 KERF‫א‬ECF‫א‬ J

 ‫؟‬EDCF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 ERF‫א‬ECF‫א‬  J

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J7

169