1.

Discuss the following principles in organizing:

a. Unity of command

This principle states that a subordinate should receive the instructions or directions only from
one superior. This is because often having a team of supervisors looking after a single team in
the company can lead to certain decision clashes, and it is just a waste of talent and effort as
well. According to Fayol has stated “As soon as two superiors impose their authority over the
same person or department, uneasiness makes itself felt. Dual command is a perpetual source
of conflict.”

b. Span of Mgt.

This refers to the number of subordinates who can be managed efficiently by a superior. Simply,
the manager having the group of subordinates who report him directly is called as the span of
management. The span of management has two implications, First, influences the complexities
of the individual manager’s job and second, Determine the shape or configuration of the
Organization.

c. Principle of objective

The activities in this principle are at all levels of organization structure that should be geared to
achieve the main objectives of the organization.

d. Principle of Specialization

This principle includes deciding and division of various activities required to achieve the
objectives of an organization. Identical activities are grouped under one individual or one
department. To ensure effective performance, the grouped activities are allotted to specified
competent persons, specialized in their fields. Adequate staff members are appointed under
them and are appropriately trained.
e. Span of Control

It refers to the maximum number of members effectively supervised by a single individual. In

the administration area, under one executive, four or five subordinates may work. In the factory
level, under one supervisor, twenty or twenty-five workers may work. The span of control
enables smooth functioning of the organization