2. Causes and consequence of the Great Revolt/Uprising of 1857.

Why is it called the first

War of Independence by the Indians?

The causes of the great revolt/uprising of 1857 due to various factor and those are given
below[ CITATION Sho20 \l 1033 ]:

Religious and social causes: Racism was the prime reason for the revolt of 1857 where Indians
were misused and were kept absent from blending with Europeans. The whites moreover begun
interfering within the religious and social issues of Indians and tormented them as well. A major
cause of the episode of the revolt was the fear among the individuals that the British government
was tried to change their religion and convert the Indians to Christianity. The expanding
exercises of the Christian teachers and the genuine transformations made by them were taken as
a confirmation of this fear. The approach of taxing lands having a place to temples and mosques
loaned advance back to this thought. The conviction that their religion was beneath danger,
joined together all segments of society against a common adversary. Also Lord Dalhousie made
endeavors toward freeing ladies and had presented a charge to expel all lawful obstacles to the
remarriage of Hindu widows. The social changes presented by the British were looked upon with
doubt by the conservative areas of the Indian society. Another reason that they turned them
against the British was Educated Indians were denied advancements and arrangements to high
office.

Political causes: The British extension had driven to the proliferation of out of line arrangements
that driven to the misfortune of control of the Nawabs and Zamindars dwelling at different places
of India. The introduction of unjustifiable arrangements just like the arrangement of Exchange
and Commerce, the policy of annexed, doctrine of lapse, subsidiary alliance, the approach of
mis-governance etc incredibly hampered the interface of the rulers of the local states, and they
one by one got to be casualties of British expansionism. Hence, those rulers, who misplaced their
states to the British, were normally against the British and took sides against them amid the
revolt of 1857.

Economic factor: There were different changes within the tax collection and income framework
that influenced the peasants’ intensely. British Government had forced and presented different
regulatory approaches to extend their domain. This harmed all areas of society. The laborers
endured due to high income requests and the strict income collection arrangement. Artisans and
skilled workers were demolished by the large-scale deluge of cheap British fabricated
merchandise into India which, in turn, made their hand-made products uneconomical to deliver.
Individuals who made a living by taking after devout and social interests misplaced their source
of job due to the withdrawal of illustrious support caused by the relocation of the ancient ruling
classes. A corrupt and inert organization included to the agonies of the individuals.

The economic misuse by the British and the total devastation of the conventional economic
structure caused far reaching hatred among all segments of the individuals. After the Industrial
Transformation in Britain, there was an convergence of British fabricated merchandise into India
which demolished businesses, especially the material industry, of India. Indian craftsmanship
businesses had to compete with cheap machine made merchandise from Britain. India was
changed into provider of crude materials and buyer of products fabricated in Britain. All those
individuals who already subordinate on illustrious support for their job were rendered
unemployed. So they bore a profound situated grievance against the British.

Military causes: The sepoys mutiny of the company had been disappointed with the English for
different reasons. Hence was an incredible dissimilarity in compensations between the Indian
and European warriors. The Indian sepoys were treated with scorn by their European officers.
The sepoys were sent to removed parts of the realm, but were not paid any additional remittance.
Indian sepoys were denied advancement in benefit as like their European partners. Out of such
discontent the Indian sepoys driven to an uprising.

There were other causes for the discontent among the sepoys. The extension of Awadh aroused
their solid emotion against outside run the show. They were moreover impacted by the common
fear that their religion was in peril. The arrange that restricted the sepoys from wearing caste and
partisan marks harmed their opinions profoundly. So too the Act of 1816 which required the
modern initiates to travel abroad, in case required. The Hindu sepoys detested this as agreeing to
the prevalent Hindu conviction, travel over the ocean driven to a misfortune of caste. Another
cause of sepoy discontent was the withdrawal of the Foreign Service remittance which the
sepoys were getting for battling exterior the nation.

Direct causes: The Greased Cartridges Incident became the immediate reason of the revolt of
1857. The new Enfield rifle was presented within the armed force. Its cartridges were secured
with a lubed or greased paper cover. This greased cover had to be nibbled off before the cartridge
might be loaded into the gun. The news spread that the oil or greased was made of pig fat and
cow. Since pigs are haram for Muslim people and Cows are the holy animal for Hindus so it
became controversial for Indian soldiers. The Indian warriors thought that this was a deliberate
endeavor by the British to shame their religion The British did not pay sufficient consideration to
the developing level of discontent among the soldiers. And that’s why this incident popularly
known as the direct causes of the revolt.

The consequences of the revolt of 1857[ CITATION Bli15 \l 1033 ]

Direct Consequences: The Revolt of 1857 uncovered the threat included in permitting a
commercial association to run the show over a nation. In this way British government passed
Government of India Act 1858 concurring to which the control that the company delighted in
was grabbed and a coordinate run the show was set up. The British government was presently
established. The British was then directly capable for administering India. The supreme official
and administrative authority in India from now on came to be known as the Governor-General
and the Viceroy Ruler Canning known as the Representative General of India moreover got to
be the first Emissary of India.

The British guaranteed the individuals of India that there will be no more regional extension.
They moreover guaranteed the individuals of India that religious and social practices would be
regarded and not be impedance. The extent of Indian warriors within the armed force was
diminished and the number of European officers within the armed force was expanded. The
administering chiefs of the nation were guaranteed that their domains would never be added by
the British. The Doctrine of Lapse was too nullified therefore permitting rulers to pass on their
kingdoms to adopted sons. Policies were made to secure landlords and Zamindars and donate
them security of rights over their lands. Muslims were considered to be dependable for the
disobedience in a enormous way. Subsequently their arrive and property was seized on huge
scale. A modern agrarian arrangement was presented to ensure security of residency and to settle
lease for lands. This arrangement liberated the cultivators from repetitive settlements and over
the top requests of the state. The budgetary framework was too decentralized by entrusting a few
things of tax assessment to local governments.

Indirect Consequences: The Revolt of 1857 encourage extended the distinction between the
ruler and the ruled. Within the post-Revolt period to preserve matchless quality in India, British
taken after the arrangement of communal disharmony. The seed of communal friction planted by
the English in India grown like a harm and bore the natural products of communalism. After the
revolt, in spite of the fact that British did not taken after the arrangement of regional
development in India, the period was however checked by a modern period of financial abuse of
India by British The British received a approach of restricting the educated middle class and
supporting the landlords.

The revolt of 1857 was the first war of independence. Because in this war the entire nation
irrespective of caste, creed, race, religion all came together to fought against British rule and gain
independence. For the first time in history, the East India Company got the chance to controlled
all the main part of India and British control the entire Mughol Empire. The prime reason of this
war the expansion of British rules and they also try to dislodging the Indian rulers. They took
control all over the India. British try to expanded western civilization all the over the
subcontinent which devastated the Indian society. Laborers and landowners constrained to pay
overwhelming charges. British misuse the economy of the subcontinent. In brief total devastation
of the economy of the nation. British begun to require control over the military powers. The
citizen of India to be rank as subedar. And all other positions as it were for British. After the
revolt, India came beneath the coordinate run the show of British. Indian misplaced this war 1
war. Thus, British Parliament took control of India. The representative common office of India
was turned into the office of Emissary. In brief revolt of 1857 cleared the way for a separate
country for the Hindus and Muslims. So that’s why the revolt of 1857 are called the first war of
independence. [ CITATION Aye18 \l 1033 ]
Reference
1. Ali, A. (2018). Why was the Revolt of 1857 Called the First World War.

https://www.pakistangk.com/why-was-the-revolt-of-1857-called-the-first-world-war/

2. Khurana, S. 2020). What are the main causes of the revolt of 1857 in India.

https://www.preservearticles.com/history/causes-of-revolt-of-1857-in-india/191

3. pillowcase., B. (2015). What were the consequences of the Revolt of 1857?

https://findanyanswer.com/what-were-the-consequences-of-struggle-of-1857#:~:text=The
%20Revolt%20of%201857%20led%20to%20the%20many,the%20dignity%20and%20rights
%20of%20the%20Native%20princes.