ADMAS UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ICT/HRM/MANAGEMENT
GROUP ASSIGNMENT FOR ENTREPRENUERSHIP AND SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

INSTRUCTIONS
1. Number of pages: 10-25
2. Font size, font type and line spacing: 12, Times New Roman and 1.5 respectively.
3. Deadline: Last Class of the semester; Late submissions will not be accepted.
4. You must exert a lot of effort on your paper to achieve some degree of originality in your
work.
5. You must abide by rules of referencing. Use APA or Harvard styles for your
convenience.
6. Every group will present their work. To avoid free rider problem, the presenter will be
selected randomly.
7. This Assignment carries 20% of the total evaluation.

Your task is to work as a team to produce a 10-25 page business plan prospectus for an original
concept. Each member of your team will be responsible for contributing an equal amount of
effort to the business plan. At the end of the project, each team member will assess the individual
efforts of your members for assistance with participation grades.

Elements of the Business Plan Prospectus

Front Matter:
1. Cover Page with company name and logo
2. Title Page: with name of company, name of participants, course title and teacher, and
date produced 3. Table of Contents (The best format is to follow subject headings,
labeled 1.0, 1.2, 1.3, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, etc.
3. Executive Summary (1-2 pages, exceptionally written)--This is the resume of your
business plan, highlighting the key selling points about your business opportunity. It
should have elements of each of the sections, but is not a formal "summary" of each. This
section should sell the concept as a whole, with the hope that the reader will be interested
enough to read further.

Body:
Every business plan is different, so these sections may or may not be appropriate, but these are
common:

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 1. Company Description, Products and Services-- A clear, concise, and compelling
description of your business concept as well as the products or services it provides. In
describing the company and products it can be useful to describe the market for the
products, who would purchase the product and why.
2. Industry and Competitive Analysis-- This section provides analysis of the trends of the
industry, noting strengths and weaknesses (e.g. is it growing?), as well as analysis of the
current and potential competition, noting competitive advantages or disadvantages for
specific competition.
3. Market Analysis and Marketing Plan--This section describes the potential market for
your products or services, identifying potential for sales within the target demographics.
The "marketing plan" describes how your company with reach the target audience, what
kinds of advertising, where, and what kinds of marketing themes may be appealing.
4. Financial (Risks and Opportunities)-- This section puts in writing and charts or
spreadsheets an explanation of the financial costs vs. potential rewards. This should
describe the startup costs necessary, the expected revenue, and the time to profitability.
Analysis should be made of the potential financial risks involved in the venture.
5. Management and Personnel—Summarizes the backgrounds and qualifications of the
members of your business group

Guide to Writing a Business Plan Step by Step

Thinking of writing a business plan? This article explains how to outline a business plan, listing
the sections in the order in which they will appear in your completed plan with a brief
explanation of each section to help you get organized and guide you through the process.
In each case, following the section title link will take you to an article that details how to write
that particular section of the plan, while in some cases, there are also linked examples that you
can use as models to write that section. If you work through each section of this outline, in the
end, you'll have a complete, well thought out business plan, the kind of business plan that you
will be able to use to get a bank loan or persuade potential investors that your new business is the
place to put their money.
Every business, whether a startup or a full-fledged, profitable organization, needs a business
plan. To know where you are going, you have to know where you came from and what came
before you.
A formal business plan is an important document for any business. Entrepreneurs just starting out
may find putting their thoughts, goals and in some cases dreams to paper an intimidating process.
Nevertheless, it is vital to the success of your business. A business plan details every aspect of
business operations. Writing a business plan need not be an overwhelming task if you consider
the following information.

Purpose of Business Plan

Before drafting a business plan it is important to understand why this document is so important
to the success of your business. Your business plan will detail all aspects of your business

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operations from marketing to organization and management. This document not only helps
owners see where the business is headed, it is also required by most lenders and potential
investors.
Here are the key elements of a winning business plan.
The Executive Summary: While appearing first, this section is written last. It summarizes the
key elements of the entire business plan and is the first thing anyone looking at your business
plan reads so it's critical that your executive summary is outstanding. An executive summary is a
one- page summary of your entire business plan. It's often easiest to write your executive
summary after you've finalized all the details within the plan itself. (Reading this Executive
Summary Example will give you a sense of how to put yours together.)
Business description: In your business description, you'll need to include and define various
aspects of your service offerings, the history of your field and any current happenings and your
personal goals and objectives, elements that add to your success and the ownership of your
company. This section is the backbone of your business plan and will set the stage for the
information included in the rest of the plan.
An overview of the industry sector that your business will be a part of, including industry trends,
major players in the industry, and estimated industry sales. This section will also include a
summary of your business's place within the industry.
Market Analysis: Everyone has a product or service that they are offering to a prospective
client. You should be able to describe what it is that you are selling as well as identify what
makes your product or service unique.
An examination of the primary target market for your product or service, including geographic
location, demographics, your target market's needs and how these needs are being met currently.
Your purpose here is to show the reader of your business plan that you have a thorough
knowledge of the people you are planning to sell your goods and/or services to - so thorough that
you can make educated predictions about how much of your goods and/or services they might
buy.
Competitive Analysis: An investigation of your direct and indirect competitors, with an
assessment of their competitive advantage and an analysis of how you will overcome any entry
barriers to your chosen market. In this section of the business plan, you need to distinguish your
business from the competition, persuading the reader(s) of your plan that your business will be
able to compete successfully.
Marketing Plan: This section is very important. It gives you a window into your industry, the
state of the market, general costs, how business is acquired and also affords you an opportunity
to distinguish yourself from competitors.
While you are making the most of this section, also realize that just as people who walk by
physical stores on the street can see what's going on at a place of business, visitors to your
Business also have the ability to browse your merchandise and become familiar with your
personal branding.

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A detailed explanation of your sales strategy, pricing plan, proposed advertising and promotion
activities, and product or service's benefits. This is where you present the reader with your new
business's Unique Selling Proposition, describe how you're going to get your goods and/or
services to market and how you're going to persuade people to buy them.
Management Plan: If you have a few advisers or people who help you to manage your business,
this is where you acknowledge their involvement and the capacity by which they contribute to
your overall success. Also, if there is a hierarchy of positions within your company, you would
detail that hierarchy and the relevancy of each relationship.
An outline of your business's legal structure and management resources, including your internal
management team, external management resources, and human resources needs. If the goal of
your business plan is to get funding, it's wise to make sure that your management plan includes
an advisory board as a management resource.
Operating Plan: This purpose of this section is to help you outline the more administrative side
of your business, including how you operate, where your office is located, your staff or assistant
if applicable, equipment, overhead and other expenses, legal relationships, your network of
suppliers and credit policies. A description of your business's physical location, facilities and
equipment, kinds of employees needed, inventory requirements and suppliers, and any other
applicable operating details, such as a description of the manufacturing process.
Financial Plan: Now, back to reality! You'll need to provide a record of your financial dealings,
investments, if any, and how you came to the position you are in today. With some flexibility,
you can project how your company will be operating and assess your financial status, including
how things balance out at the end of each month, the overall financial health of your business
and your cash flow.
A description of your funding requirements, your detailed financial statements, and a financial
statement analysis. This part of the business plan is where you will present the three main
financial documents of any business, the balance sheet, the income statement and the cash flow
statement. (In the case of a new business, this last document will be a cash flow projection.) The
instructions on writing the Financial Plan section will show you how to prepare all of these
documents.
Appendices and Exhibits
In addition to the sections outlined above, at the end of your business plan, you will also want to
include any additional information that will help establish the credibility of your business idea,
such as marketing studies, photographs of your product, and/or contracts or other legal
agreements pertinent to your business.
Does the Order of the Business Plan Sections Matter?
Only to a degree. The Executive Summary, being an overview, needs to come first.
Beyond that, it's logical to have all the material relating to markets (the Industry Overview, the
Marketing Analysis, the Competitive Analysis and the Marketing Plan) together.
However, there's no reason why the Management Plan section couldn't directly follow the
Executive Summary, for instance, if you want to play with the order. Generally, in a business

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plan, you want to "put your best foot forward". So if, for instance, you have a stellar group of
people serving on your new business's advisory board, by all means, put that section directly
after the Executive Summary. Highlighting your new business's strengths will encourage your
reader(s) to continue reading your plan.
The Appearance of Your Business Plan Matters Too
This kind of business plan (yes, there are different kinds) is a formal document and it has to look
like one. You want every aspect of your business plan to impress (especially if you're using it to
ask for money). Pay attention to margins and formatting; make sure it's spell checked and
grammatically sound. If you're not good at this, pay someone who is to do it. Then get your new
business plan professionally printed and bound. As always, looking successful is half the battle
to being successful.
BUSINESS PLAN FORMAT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. Brief Description of the Project
2. Brief Profile of the Entrepreneur
3. Project's Contributions to the Economy

Section 1
MARKETING PLAN
1.1 Description of the Product
1.2 Comparison of the Product with Its Competitors'
1.3 Location
1.4 Market Area
1.5 Main Customers
1.6 Total Demand
1.7 Market Share
1.8 Selling Price
1.9 Sales Forecast
1.10 Promotional Measures
1.11 Marketing Strategy
1.12 Marketing Budget

Section 2
PRODUCTION PLAN
2.1 Production Process
2.2 Fixed Capital
2.3 Life of Fixed Capital
2.4 Maintenance and Repairs

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 2.5 Sources of Equipment
2.6 Planned Capacity
2.7 Future Capacity
2.8 Terms and Conditions of Purchase of Equipment
2.9 Factory Location and Layout
2.10 Raw Materials Needed
2.11 Cost of Raw Materials
2.12 Raw Materials Availability
2.13 Labor
2.14 Cost of Labor
2.15 Labor Availability
2.16 Labor Productivity
2.17 Factory Overhead Expenses
2.18 Production Cost

Section 3
ORGANISATION & MANAGEMENT PLAN
3.1 Form of Business
3.2 Organizational Structure
3.3 Business Experience and Qualifications of the Entrepreneur
3.4 Pre-Operating Activities
3.5 Pre-Operating Expenses
3.6 Office Equipment
3.7 Administrative Expenses

Section 4
FINANCIAL PLAN
4.1 Project Cost
4.2 Financing Plan and Loan Requirement
4.3 Security for Loan
4.4 Profit and Loss Statement
4.5 Cash Flow Statement
4.6 Balance Sheet
4.7 Loan Repayment Schedule
4.8 Break-even Point (BEP)
4.9 Return on Investment (ROI)
4.10 Financial Analysis

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