INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FAILURE SIGNS, THEIR CAUSES AND DIAGNOSIS

FOR REUSAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
• Inspection points for parts reusage diagnosis
• Standards for failure determination

TYPICAL EXAMPLES OF FAILURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

• Crankshaft
• Main and connecting rod bearings

FAILURES AND THEIR CAUSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

• Air intake
• Lubricating oil
• Operation technique

PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

CONSTRUCTION AND FUNCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

• Crankshaft
• Main and connecting rod
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