Roa, Lindsay P.

BSBA 3-3P
Polytechnic University of the Philippines

ASSIGNMENT 1:

Write down the changes and developments felt in the Philippines in the nineteenth century.

Change and Development

Political For 333 years Spain has colonized the Philippines that have made
great contributions to its political, economic, and social condition.
The Spaniards subjugated the Filipinos to feudalism and master-
slavery arrangements in the nineteenth century. There are
significant changes that affected the Philippines in the 19 th
century with the development of agriculture that helped the
country to be known in the trade industry around the foreign
merchants. Moreover, during this period the educational growth
of the Filipinos or mestizo and indios that allow them to gain
knowledge that strive for a better conditions of their people such
Dr. Jose Rizal that went to a foreign country studying ideologies
and theoretical principles that resulted to propagandas and stand
such as establishing the novels and publishing company inform
the public of the events concerning the Philippines.

Furthermore, the properties of Spanish nobilities that own some

haciendas that develop enterprises in agriculture and the
educational system of the Filipinos that are being handled by
Spanish friars which also had continue to uphold an important
role in the Philippines economics and politics today. Although
public education in the Philippines began in 1863, the church still
controlled the curriculum. Fewer than one-fifth of students could
read and write Spanish, and even fewer could speak it correctly.
The Guardia Civil was also created at this time, with the primary
goal of protecting the population against tulisanes or bandits.
However, its creation resulted in tyranny and mistreatment
 among Filipino farmers as they devoured them for profit.

With the establishment of the government, polies, and principles

in the political aspect of the Philippines their also develop
corruption, bribery, slavery of lower-class Filipino and forgery in
the law by the Spaniards that continue to occur in today’s politics.
Citizens always must endure the burden for the incompetence
and greed of the officials such that the rich always wins against
the poor.
Economic According to the material, By the late 18th century, political and
economic changes in Europe have been eventually starting to
influence Spain and, thus, the Philippines. Important as a stimulus
to trade changed into the slow elimination of the monopoly
through the galleon to Acapulco. The new administration
dispatched Jose de Basco y Vargas, who established the Royal
Philippine Company in 1785 to support agricultural initiatives and
negotiate a new trade agreement between the Philippines and
Spain and the rest of the globe. General Baco's new economic
reforms enabled the Philippines to compete in the global export
economy. He has implemented major restructuring. The final
galleon arrived in Manila in 1815, and by the mid-1830s Manila
became open to overseas traders almost without restriction. He
imposed specific approaches that enabled Manila to begin to
open outside business and established the Tobacco Monopoly to
promote the formation of a trade union by loading restrictions on
Chinese traders, which revitalized residential transfer. He also set
up an improved performance in cash crop farming, comfortable
effective methods that allowed Manila to keep opening beyond
companies and established the Tobacco Monopoly to promote
the formation of a trade union.

Moreover, this growth of the economy created unprecedented

technology, such as machinery as well as other commodities that
even Spain couldn't provide. Because most of the commodities
exported by the Filipinos were primarily agricultural, the
 haciendas of Pampanga, Batangas, and other parts of the
Philippines prospered during those times.

However, the locals, on the other hand, were negatively affected

by the country's economic prosperity. Land management, which
arose from the encomienda system, intensified economic
inequality between natives and landowners, to which the
Inquilinos contributed significantly.
During this time the Spaniards have introduced Christianity to
their colonial territories such as the Philippines and Mexico. The
socio-cultural aspects of the Philippines in the 19 th century have
included the development of the educational system brought
about by the Jesuits and blazed the hearts of the students to
nationalism. They imparted, unknowingly, to the students a
humanistic education in literature, science, and philosophy with
the principles of human dignity, justice, and equality of all men.
Based on the material, in the 19 th century a decree passed in
1863, gave rise to the establishment of public education for the
Indios. Although this effort was very unsuccessful in encouraging
Socio- Cultural
children to attend school and learn how to speak and read
Spanish, many sons of wealthy families were sent to Europe to
study.

Another cultural factor to nationalism was the history and

ethnology of Filipinos. In addition, the Spanish revolution in 1868,
General Carlos Maria dela Torre assumed the position of
governor-general in the Philippines and implemented the
abolition of flagging, press censorship, all while encouraging
freedom of speech for the Filipinos.